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Experiment 5 (Physics For Eng)

Here are the steps to solve this problem: (a) Use the conservation of mechanical energy equation: 1⁄2mv^2 + mgh = 1⁄2mv^2 mgh = 1⁄2mv^2 h = v^2/2g Substitute the given values: h = (400 cm/s)^2 / (2 * 100 cm/s^2) = 100 cm (b) Use trigonometry to relate the angle θ to the height h and length L of the pendulum: tan θ = h/L tan θ = 100 cm / 180 cm θ = 30° So the answers are: (a) 100 cm

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RESI-AURIN, JK L.
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40 views

Experiment 5 (Physics For Eng)

Here are the steps to solve this problem: (a) Use the conservation of mechanical energy equation: 1⁄2mv^2 + mgh = 1⁄2mv^2 mgh = 1⁄2mv^2 h = v^2/2g Substitute the given values: h = (400 cm/s)^2 / (2 * 100 cm/s^2) = 100 cm (b) Use trigonometry to relate the angle θ to the height h and length L of the pendulum: tan θ = h/L tan θ = 100 cm / 180 cm θ = 30° So the answers are: (a) 100 cm

Uploaded by

RESI-AURIN, JK L.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No.

5: Conservation of Energy

Kinematics equations are commonly employed to solve various Physics problems, but certain
types of motion necessitate knowledge of initial physical parameters like time in order to
determine the final motion. In practical situations, accurately measuring time during
instantaneous motion can be challenging. As an alternative to relying on kinematics formulas,
the conservation of energy can be utilized to solve the final motion without the need for precise
timing information.

The laws of conservation of energy state that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated
system. Instead, energy can only be transformed from one form to another or transferred between
different objects or systems. According to this principle, the total amount of energy in a closed
system remains constant over time. For example, the object’s total mechanical energy € is equal
to the sum of its gravitational potential energy (P.E.) and kinetic energy (K.E.) as shown in
equation 5.1.

E = K.E. + P.E. (5.1)

The gravitational potential energy is described as the energy stored in an object due to the
attraction from the earth’s gravitational field. This energy is based on the object's mass (m),
height (y), and earth's gravitational acceleration (g):

P.E. = mgy (5.2)

And an object's kinetic energy is described as the energy stored in the object due to its motion.
This energy is based on the object's mass (m) and speed (v). As an object's speed increases, its
kinetic energy K increases in the form:

K.E. = ½ mv2 (5.3)

In this laboratory experiment you will measure the initial speed of the object’s (bullet) projectile
motion using the conservation of energy and you will compare the result using kinematics
equation._

Objectives:
1. The students will be able to learn how to use a ballistic pendulum in measuring the initial
velocity.
2. The students will be able to compare the difference between the energy formula and the
kinematics formula in finding velocity.
Materials:
Ballistic Pendulum set-up, meterstick, white paper, and triple beam balance
Set-up:

Ballistic
Pendulum
Raised Pendulum

Metal ball

Distance (R)

Procedure:
1. Weigh the metal object (Bullet) using triple beam balance.
2. Raise the pendulum. Position the apparatus near the end of the table so that it is aimed out
across the floor with a range of about three meters. Shoot the ball and note where it hits the floor
(use white paper). Make sure that the gun does not move.
3. Fire the ball ten more times or until you have ten marks on the white paper.
4. Put the gun back on the gun rod but do not cock it. Measure the distance from the bottom of
the ball to the floor. This is the height (Y). Also, measure the horizontal distance from the point
on the floor directly below the ball to the center of the marks on the white paper set. This
distance is R.
3. Use this equation: KE = PE to find the initial velocity per trial. This is the velocity derived
from the energy formula.

v 2 sin2 θ
4. Use this formula: h max= to find the initial velocity per trial. This is the velocity
2g
derived from the kinematics formula. To determine θ , use: tan θ = (y/x).
5. Compute the percentage difference using this formula.

( )
|v ( kinematics )−v( Enery)|
Percentage difference= x 100 %
v ( kinematics ) +v ( Enery )
2
LAB REPORT

NAME SIGNATURE

COURSE TITLE: PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY


EXPERIMENT TITLE:
EXPERIMENT NO:
DATE SUBMITTED:
PROFESSOR:
GRADES/SCORES:

Data and Results


Trials Initial velocity (Energy Initial velocity (kinematics Percentage
Formula) Formula) Difference
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Kinetic Energy = (mv^2)/2:_____________


v= is the average initial velocity (kinematics formula)
m = is the mass of the bullet
Potential Energy = mgy: _____________
y= is the average maximum height (hmax) (kinematics formula)
Computation: (Attached additional solution paper)
Analysis:

Conclusion:
INDIVIDUAL LABORATORY REPORT
Name: ____________________________________________ Section:_________
Course: ___________________________________________ Score: _______

1. Why was the distance Y measured from the bottom of the ball rather than the center of mass?

2. If the velocity of the ball had been doubled due to a stronger gun spring, how would the ball's time of flight
have changed?

3. Which method or formula of finding the velocity of the ball do you think was more accurate? Explain why

4. A ball at the end of a 180-cm long string swings as a pendulum as shown in the figure. The ball's
speed is 400 cm/s as it passes through its lowest position.
(a) To what height (h) above this position will it rise before stopping?
(b) What angle does the pendulum then make to the vertical?

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