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STEM6B Module2 Derivatives and Differentiation

The document provides information about the derivative and differentiation. It discusses how the derivative relates to the tangent line and slope at a point, and how to find the equation of the tangent line. It gives examples of finding the derivative of various functions using basic rules of derivatives like the power rule and sum and difference rules. The key points are that the derivative represents the instantaneous rate of change and slope of the tangent line, and the basic rules provide an easy way to determine derivatives and tangent lines for common functions.

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Shifra Jane Piquero
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
35 views

STEM6B Module2 Derivatives and Differentiation

The document provides information about the derivative and differentiation. It discusses how the derivative relates to the tangent line and slope at a point, and how to find the equation of the tangent line. It gives examples of finding the derivative of various functions using basic rules of derivatives like the power rule and sum and difference rules. The key points are that the derivative represents the instantaneous rate of change and slope of the tangent line, and the basic rules provide an easy way to determine derivatives and tangent lines for common functions.

Uploaded by

Shifra Jane Piquero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematical Prayer:

Dear Lord, we thank you a hundredfold for the love and


care that you have given us. May we in return to You, Your
good works by MULTIPLYING it with Love and Respect,
ADDING more Faith, SUBTRACTING the Unworldly
Behavior and Evil works, and DIVIDING Your Given Talents
to others so we can SUM it all and be United as one in Your
Family.
Our Father…
MODULE 2:
The Derivative and Differentiation

: Relating the Tangent Line and Derivative

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:


• Understand the Concept of Derivative through Tangent Line
• Find the equation and Slope of Tangent Line to a curve

MOTIVATING ACTIVITY

Directions: Given the figure below, identify the following:

Column A Column B

1. Curve = d a. Line l

2. Tangent Line = a b. P (x, f(x))

3. Point of Tangency= b c. Line PQ

4. Secant= c d. f

e. Q (x+h, f(x+h))
INPUT
Recall that LIMITS has 2 Key Problems led to the INITIAL FORMULATION OF
CALCULUS:

(1) the T_N_E_T problem, or how to determine the slope of a line tangent to a
curve at a point;
(2) the A_ E_ problem, or how to determine the area under a curve.

DEFINITION OF DERIVATIVE
a.) the T_N_E_T problem, or how to determine the SLOPE of a line tangent to a
curve at a point
But if we want to get the SLOPE of a
line, we need two points. Suppose
the points have coordinates
and .

m=

Using the CONCEPT OF LIMITS we can


remedy this problem. First, we create
point with x coordinate h units to the
right of the x-coordinate of . We then
draw line , a secant line to the
function .
The tangent line represents the instantaneous rate of change of the function at that one point. The
slope of the tangent line at a point on the function is equal to the derivative of the function at the same
point
Tangent Line = Instantaneous Rate of Change = DERIVATIVE

Alternative Way to find the Slope:


𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥0 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝑥0 𝑥−𝑥0

Example:
1. ) Find the equation of the Tangent Line to the Parabola y= x2 + 1 at point (-1,2).
Your Turn!
Find the slope and the equation of the tangent of the given function
2.) y= 4 – x2; (1,3)
𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑓(𝑥0 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝑥0
𝑥 − 𝑥0

Equation:
3.) y= x2 -2x +1; (0,1)
𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑓(𝑥0 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝑥0
𝑥 − 𝑥0

Equation:
4.) y= (x-2)2 at x= 0

𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑓(𝑥0 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝑥0
𝑥 − 𝑥0

Equation:
Lesson 2 : The BASIC RULES OF DERIVATIVES

Here is the guideline on how to do the Basic Rules of Derivatives:


The following is to show that the Basic Rule of Derivatives would be the easiest method of
solving the slope and equation of the tangent line to the curve.
1.) y= x2 + 1 at (-1,2)
y’= 2(1)x2-1 + 0
y’= 2x
f’(x) = 2x

substitute x= -1 from the point of tangency (-1,2)


f’(-1) = 2(-1)
m= -2

Equation of Tangent Line: y= -2x (same process with the previous lesson discussed)

2.) y= 4 – x2 at (1,3)
y’ = 0 – 2x
y’ = -2x
m = -2(1)
Check: m= -2
Equation of Tangent Line:
3.) y= x2 -2x +1 at (0,1)

4.) y= (x-2)2 at x= 0
y’= (2)[(1)(1)x1-1 – 0] (x-2)2-1
y’= 2(1)(x-2)
y’ = 2x-4
m= 2(0)-4 = -4
Check: m= -4 , Equation of Tangent Line: y= -4x+ 4
5.) y= x3 + 3x - 1 at (1,3)
y’= 3x2 + 3 – 0
= 3x2 + 3
m= 3(1)2 + 3 = 6
Check: m= 6 , Equation of Tangent Line: y= 6x- 3
Other Examples:

For 1st to 3rd Basic Rules of Derivative

For 4th Basic Rules of Derivative

For 5th Basic Rules of Derivative


7. [h(x) * g(x)]’

8. [g(x) * f(x)]’

For 6th Basic Rules of Derivative


For 7th Basic Rules of Derivative

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