Republic of the Philippines

EASTERN SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Law
Borongan City, Eastern Samar

Law 503 - Criminal Law 1

1st Semester SY 2020-2021

OUTLINE

Basic Text: Reyes, The Revised Penal Code, Book I

Suggested References: Regalado, Criminal Law Conspectus; Boado, Notes and Cases on Special Penal
Laws

I. DEFINITION AND SOURCES

A. Definition

B. State authority to punish crime

1. Sources: Constitution (1987), Art. II, Sec. 5 Constitution (1987), Art VI, Sec. 1

People v. Santiago, G.R. No. 17584, 08 March 1922; US v. Pablo, G.R. No. L-11676, 17
October 1916

2. Limitations: Constitution (1987), Art. III, Secs, 1; 2000 Revised Rules on Criminal Procedure,
Rule 115; Civil Code, Art. 2

Pesigan v, Angeles, G.R. No. L-64279, 30 April 1984; Tañada v. Tuvera, G.R. No. L-63915, 24
April 1985

3. Penological objectives

C. BASIC PRINCIPLES

1. Generality of Criminal Law: Constitution (1987, Art. VI, Sec. 1), Civil Code, Art. 14

US v. Sweet, G.R. No. 448, 20 September 1901; Liang vs. People G.R. No. 125865, 28 January
2000; Minucher vs. Hon. CA, G.R. No. 142396, 11 February 2003

2. Territoriality of Criminal Law: RPC, Art. 2 Constitution (1987)

US v. Ah Sing, G.R. No. L-13005, 10 October 1917; Miquiabas v. Commanding General, G.R.

No. L-1988, February 24, 1948

3. Prospectivity of Criminal Law RPC, Arts. 21, 22 Civil Code, Art. 4

Gumabon v. Director of Prisons, G.R. No. L-30026, 30 January 1971; People vs. Morilla, GR
No. 189833, 05 February 2014

Nullum Crimen Nu!la Poena Sine Lege - RPC, Arts. 3, 21

Bernardo v. People, G.R. No. L-62114, 05 July 1983; People v. Pimentel, G.R. No. 100210, 01
April 1998; David v. GMA, G.R. No. 171396, G.R. No. 171409, G.R. No. 171485, G.R. No.
171483, G.R. No. 171400 and G.R. No. 171424; 03 May 2006
   
Strict construction of penal laws against State: Constitution (1987), Art. III, Sec. 14

Pascual v. Board of Examiners, GR No. L-25018, 26 May 1969

D. GENERAL PROVISIONS RPC, Art. 1, 2.

E. FELONIES

1. Dolo, RPC, Art. 3

a. Elements

b. Presumption of Criminal Intent

 c. General and specific intent

d. Intent and motive

People v. Temblor, G.R. No. L-66884, 28 May 1988; People v. Hassan, G.R. No. L-68969, 22
January 1988; People v. Delos Santos, G.R. No. 135919, 09 May 2003

e. Mistake of Fact

US v. Ah Chong, G.R. No. L-5272, 19 March 1910; People v. Oanis, G.R. No. L-47722, 27 July
1943; Yapyuco vs. Sandiganbayan, GR No. 120744-46, 25 June 2012

2. Culpa RPC, Arts. 3, 365

a. Elements

b. Distinguished from dolo

People v. Buan, G.R. No. L-25366, 29 March 1968; People vs. Pugay, G.R. No. L-74324, 17
November 1988

FELONIES DEFINED AND PENALIZED BY SPECIAL LAWS

1. Crimes mala in se and mala prohibita

Estrada v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 148560, 19 November 2001

2. Relation of RPC to special laws, RPC, Art. 10

Padilla v. Dizon, A. C No. 3086, 23 February 1988; People v. Simon, G.R. No. 93028, 29 July
1994; Padilla v, Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 121917, 12 March 1997; People v. Saley, G.R. No.
121179, 02 July 1998; People v. Bustinera, G. R. No. 148233, 08 June 2004; Ladonga v.
People, G.R. No. 141066, 17 February 2005; Go-Tan vs. Go, G.R. No. 168852, 30 September
2008

II. PUNISHABLE CONDUCT

1. Wrongful act different from that intended RPC, Art. 4(1)

People v. Sabalones, G.R. No. 123485, 31 August 1998

2. Omission RPC, Arts. 116, 137, 208, 223, 275 Pres. Dec. Nos. 953, 1153

3. Proposal and Conspiracy RPC, Arts. 8, 115, 136, 141, 186, 306, 340

US v. Bautista, G.R. No. L-2189, 03 November 1906; People v. Vengco, G.R. No. L-31657, 31
January 1984; People v. Valdez, G.R. No. L-75390, 25 March 1988; People v. Escober, G.R.
No. L-69564, 29 January1988; People v. Elijorde, G.R. No. 126531, 21 April 1999; People v.
Fabro, G.R. No. 114261, 10 February 2000; People v. Bello, G.R. No. 124871, 13 May 2004;
Li v. People, G.R. No. 127962, 14 April 2004; People v. Bagano, G.R. No. 139531, 31 January
2002; People v. Bangcado, G.R. No. 132330, 28 November 2000; People v. Ramos, G.R. No.
135204, 14 April 2004;

4. Attempted, RPC, Art. 6

People v. Lamahang, G.R. No. L-43530, 03 August 1935; People v. Dio, G.R. No. L-36461, 29
June 1984; People v. Trinidad, G.R. No. 79123-25, 09 January 1989; People v. Campuhan,
G.R. No. 129433, 30 March 2000; People v. Listerio, G.R. No. 122099, 05 July 2000

5. Frustrated, RPC, Art.6

People v. Erinia, G.R. No. L-26298, 20 January 1927; People v. Orita, G.R. No. 88724, 03 April
1990; People v. Caballero, G.R. Nos. 149028-30, 02 April 2003

6. Consummated, RPC, Art. 6

US v. Adiao, G.R. No. L-13785, 08 October 1918; People v. Hernandez, G.R. No. L-23916, 14
October 1925
 Classification of Felonies

1. Grave

2. Less Grave

3. Light Felonies RPC, Art. 9 RPC, Art. 7 11, Section 1, R. A. 10591

III. CRIMINAL LIABILITY

A. How incurred

1. Commission of felony

2. Wrongful act different from what was intended

3. Impossible crimes, RPC, Art. 4

Urbano v. IAC, G.R. No. 72964, 07 January 1988; Intod v. CA, G.R. No. 103119, 21 October
1992; Quinto vs. Andres, G.R. No. 155791, 16 March 2005; People v. Valledor, G.R. No.
129291, 03 July 2002

B. CIRCUMSTANCES AFFECTING CRIMINAL LIABILITY

1. Justifying circumstances RPC, Art. 11

• SELF-DEFENSE, DEFENSE OF RELATIVES AND STRANGERS, DEFENSE OF PROPERTY,

DEFENSE OF REPUTATION, R.A. 9262 (27 March 2004) Sections 3 & 26 in relation to People v.
Genosa, G.R. No. 135981, 15 January 2004

People v. Narvaez, G.R. Nos. L-33466-67, 20 April 1983; People v. Boholst-Caballero, G.R.
No. L-23249, 25 November 1974; People v. Alconga, G.R. No. L-162, 30 April 1947; People
v. Sumicad, G.R. No. L-35524, 18 March 1932; People v. Luague, G.R. No. L-43588, 07
November 1935;; People v. Jaurigue, C.A. No. 384, 21 February 1946; US v. Bumanglang,
G.R. No. L-5318, 23 December 1909); Toledo v. People, G.R. No. 158057, 24 September
2004; People vs. Enfectana G.R. No. 132028, 19 April 2002; Cano v. People, G.R. No.
155258 , 07 October 2003; Balunueco v. CA, G.R. No. 126968, 09 April 2003; People v.
Dijan, G.R. No. 142682, 05 June 5, 2002

• STATE OF NECESSITY (AVOIDANCE OF GREATER EVIL)

People v. Ricohermoso, G.R. Nos. L-30527-28, 29 March 1974; Ty v. People, G.R. No.
149275, 27 September 2004

• FULFILLMENT OF DUTY OR LAWFUL EXERCISE OF RIGHT Civil Code, Art. 429

People v. Delima, G.R. No. L-18660, 22 December 1922; People v. Oanis, supra;
Pomoy v. People, G.R. No. 150647, 29 September 2004; People v. Ulep, G.R. No.
132547, 20 September 2000

• OBEDIENCE TO SUPERIOR ORDER

People v. Beronilla, G.R. No. L-4445, 28 February 1955; Tabuena v. Sandiganbayan, G.R.
Nos. 103501-03, 17 February 1997

2. Exempting Circumstances RPC, Art. 12

• INSANITY AND IMBECILITY

People v. Tabugoca, G.R. No. 125334, 28 January 1998; People v. Madarang, G.R. No.
132319, 12 May 2000; People v. Bonoan, G.R. No. L-45130, 17 February 1937; People v.
Taneo, G.R. No. L-37673, 31 March 1933; People v. Formigones, G.R. No. L-3246, 29
November 1950; People v. Valledor, G.R. No. 129291, 03 July 2002

• MINORITY

R.A. 9344 Sec. 6 (Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006) RPC, Art. 80 Pres. Dec. No.
603, Arts. 189 et seq. Rule on Commitment of Children No. 02-1-19-SC) I Rule on Juveniles
in Conflict with Law (A.M. No. 02-1-18-SC)
 People v. Doquena, G.R. No. 46539, 27 September 1939; Jose v. People, G.R. No. 162052,
13 January 2005; Llave v. People, G.R. No. 166040, 26 April 2006

 ACCIDENT

US v. Tañedo, G.R. No. L-5418, 12 February 1910; People v. Bindoy, G.R. No. L-34665, 28
August 1931; People v. Concepcion, G.R. No. 136844, 01 August 2002; People v. Agliday,
G.R. No. 140794, 16 October 2001

 IRRESISTIBLE FORCE/UNCONTROLLABLE FEAR

People v. Lising, G.R. Nos. 106210-11, 30 January 1998; People v. Elicanal, G.R. No. L-
11439 28 October 28, 1916; US v. Caballeros, G.R. No. 1352, 29 March 1905; People v.
Fronda, G.R. Nos. 102361-62, 14 May 1993; Ty v. People, G.R. No. 149275, September 27,
2004

• INSUPERABLE OR LAWFUL CAUSES

US v. Vincentillo, G.R. No. L-6082, 18 March 1911; People v. Bandian, G.R. No. 45186, 30
September 1936;

3. Mitigating Circumstances RPC, Art. 13

• INCOMPLETE JUSTIFICATION/EXEMPTION

• UNDER 18 OR OVER 70 YEARS OF AGE

• NO INTENTION TO COMMIT SO GRAVE A WRONG

People v. Ural, G.R. No. L-30801, 27 March 1974; People v. Amit, G.R. No. L-29066, 25
March 1970; People v. Regato, G.R. No. L-36750, 31 January 1984; People v. Callet, G.R.
No. 135701, 09 May 2002

• SUFFICIENT PROVOCATION OR THREAT

People v. Pagal, G.R. No. L-32040, 25 October 1977; Romera v. People, G.R. No. 151978,
July 14, 2004

 VINDICATION OF A GRAVE OFFENSE

US v. Ampar, G.R. No. L-12883, 16 November 1917; People v. Parana, G.R. No. L-45373,
31 March 1937; People v. Diokno, G.R. No. L-45100, 26 October 1936; People v. Torpio,
G.R. No. 138984, 04 June 2004

• PASSION OR OBFUSCATION

People v. Muit, G.R. No. L-48875, 21 October 1982; US v. Hicks, G.R. No. 4971, 23
September 1909; US v. Dela Cruz, G.R. No. L-7094, 29 March 1912; People v. Germina,
G.R. No. 120881, 19 May 1998; People v. Gonzalez, G.R. No. 139542, 21 June 2001; People
v. Bates, G.R. No. 139907, 28 March 2003

 VOLUNTARY SURRENDER

People v. Coronel, G.R. No. L-19091, 30 June 1966; People v. Pinca, G.R. No. 129256, 17
November 1999; People v. Amaguin, G.R. Nos. 54344-45, 10 January 1994; People v.
Dulos, G.R. No. 107328, 26 September 1994; Andrade v. People, G.R. No. 135222, 04
March 2005

• PLEA OF GUILT
 People v. Crisostomo, G.R. No. L-32243, 15 April 1988; People v. Jose. et al.,) G.R. No. L-
28232, 06 February 1971; People v. Montinola, G.R. Nos. 131856-57, 09 July 2001; People
v. Dawaton, G.R. No. 146247, 17 September 2002

• PHYSICAL DEFECTS

• ILLNESS/ANALOGOUS MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES

4. Aggravating Circumstances RPC, Art. 14

People v. Antonio, G.R. No. 144266, 27 November 2002; People v. Sueia, G.R. Nos.
133570-71, January 15, 2002; People v. Mendoza, G.R. No. 133382, 09 March 2000

 ADVANTAGE OF PUBLIC OFFICE RPC, Art. 14(1)

People v. Capalac, G.R. No. L-38297, 23 October 1982; People v. Gapasin, G.R. No. 73489,
25 April 1994; People v. Villamor, G.R. Nos. 141908-09, 15 January 2002

 CONTEMPT OF OR WITH INSULT TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITIES

• INSULT OR DISREGARD OF THE RESPECT BY REASON OF RANK, AGE, OR SEX

DWELLING

People v. Rodil, G.R. No. L-35156, 20 November 1981; People v. Daniel, G.R. No. L-40330,
20 November 1978; People v. Bahez, G.R. No. 125849, 30 January 1999; People v. Lapaz,
G.R. No. 68898, 31 March 1989; People v. Taboga, G.R. Nos. 144086-87, 06 February
2002; People v. Montinola, G.R. Nos. 131856-57, 09 July 2001; People v. Taño, G.R. No.
133872, 05 May 2000; People v. Rios, G.R. No. 132632, 19 June 2000; People v. Arizobal,
G.R. Nos. 135051-52, 14 December 2000

 ABUSE OF CONFIDENCE AND OBVIOUS UNGRATEFULNESS

People v. Mandolado, G.R. No. L-51304-05, 28 June 1983; People v. Arrojado, G.R. No.
130492, 31 January 2001

• COMMITTED IN PALACE OR IN PRESENCE OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE

 NIGHTTIME, UNINHABITED PLACE OR WITH A BAND RPC, Art. 296

People v. Jose, supra, People v. Desalisa, G.R. No. 95262, 04 January 1994; People v. Silva,
G.R. No. 140871, 08 August 2002; People v. Ancheta, G.R. No. 143935, 04 June 2004;
People v. Librando, G.R. No. 132251, 06 July 2000

 ON OCCASION OF A CALAMITY AID OR ARMED MEN OR MEANS TO ENSURE IMPUNITY

 RECIDIVISM RPC, Art. 160

People v. Molina, G.R. Nos. 134777-78, 24 July 2000; People v. Dacillo, G.R. No. 149368,
14 April 2004

 REITERACION OR HABITUALITY RPC, Arts, 62(5), 160

People v. Gaorana, G.R. No. 109138-39, 27 April 1998; People v. Villapando, G.R. No.
73656, 05 October 1989; People v. Cajara, G.R. No. 122498, 27 September 2000

• PRICE, REWARD OR PROMISE

• INUNDATION, FIRE, POISON

 • EVIDENT PREMEDITATION

People v. Bibat, G.R. No. 124319, 13 May 1998; People v. Lug-aw, G.R. No. 85735, 18
January 1994; People v. Camilet, G.R. No. 70392, 30 June 1986; People v. llaoa, G.R. No.
94308, 16 June 1994; People v. Mondijar, G.R. No. 141914, 21 November 2002; People v.
Torpio, supra; People v. Biso, G.R. Nos. 111098-99, 03 April 2003

• CRAFT, FRAUD OR DISGUISE

People v. Marquez, G.R. No. L-32860, 30 September 1982; People v. Empacis, G.R. No.
95756, 14 May1993; People v. Labuguen, G.R. No. 127849, 09 August 2000

• SUPERIOR STRENGTH OR MEANS TO WEAKEN DEFENSE

People v. Cabato, G. R. L-37400, 05 April 1988; People v. Ruelan, G.R. No. 106152, 19
April 1994; People v. Padilla, G.R. No. 75508, 10 June 1994; People v. Lobrigas, G.R. No.
147649, 17 December 2002; People v. Barcelon, Jr., GR No. 144308, 24 September 2002;
People v. Sansaet, G.R. No. 139330, 06 February 2002; People v. Ventura, G.R. Nos.
148145-46, 05 July 2004

• TREACHERY

People v. Castillo, G.R. No. 120282, 20 April 1998; People v. Sangalang, G.R. No. L-
32914, 30 August 1974; People v. Gutierrez, G.R. No. L-39383, 14 March 1988; People v.
Verchez, G.R. Nos. 82729-32, 15 June 1994; People v. Rendaie, G.R. No. 136745, 15
November 2000; People v. Umayam, G.R. No. 134572, 18 April 2002; People v. Piedad,
G.R. No. 131923, 05 December 2002; People v. Dumadag, G.R. No. 147196, 04 June
2004

• IGNOMINY

People v. Siao, G.R. No. 126021, 03 March 2000; People v. Cachola, G.R. Nos. 148712-15,
21 January 2004; People v. Bumidang, G.R. No. 130630, 04 December 2000

• UNLAWFUL ENTRY

People v. Baello, G.R. No. 101314, 01 July 1993

• BREAKING WALL, FLOOR, ROOF

• WITH AID OF PERSONS UNDER 15 OR BY MOTOR VEHICLE

• CRUELTY

People v. Lacao, G.R. No. L-32078, 30 September 1974; People v. llaoa, supra; People v.
Catian, G.R. No. 139693, 24 January 2002; People v. Guerrero, G.R. No. 134759, 19
September 2002

 SPECIAL AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCE / QUALIFYING: RPC, Art. 266-B, PD 1866 as

amended by R.A. 8294 and further amended by R.A. 10591

People v. Balgos, G.R. No. 126115, 26 January 2000; People vs Ladjaalam, G.R. Nos.
136149-51, 19 September 2000

5. Alternative Circumstances, RPC, Art. 15

 • RELATIONSHIP

People v. Atop, G.R. Nos. 124303-05, 10 February 1998; People v. Marcos, G.R. No.
132392, 18 January 2001

 INTOXICATION

People v. Renejane, G.R. No. 76954-55, 26 February 1988; People v. Camano, G.R. No.
L-36662-63, 30 July 1982

• DEGREE OF INSTRUCTION AND EDUCATION

6. Absolutory Causes and Other Special Situations

a. Entrapment and Instigation

People v. Lua Chu, G.R. No. 34917, 07 September 7, 1931; Araneta v. CA, G.R. No.
L-46638, 09 July 1986; People v. Pacis, G.R. No. 146309, 18 July 2002

b. Effect of Pardon: RPC, Art. 23 Rep. Act No. 8353

c. Absolutory Causes: RPC, Arts. 6(3), 7, 20, 16, 247, 280, 332– 344

d. Acts not covered by law and in case of excessive punishment: RPC, Art. 5

People v. Veneracion, G.R. Nos. 119987-88, 12 October 1995

IV. PERSONS CRIMINALLY LIABLE

A. In Grave and Less Grave Felonies

1. Principals: RPC, Art. 17

a. By direct participation

People v. Nunag, G.R. No. L-54445, 12 May 1989; People v. Dela Cerna, G.R. No. L-20911,
30 October 1967; People v. Dacillo, G.R. No. 149368, 14 April 2004

b. By induction

People v. Dela Cruz, G.R. No. L-30912, 30 April 1980; US v. Indanan, G.R. No. L-8187 29
January 1913

c. By indispensable cooperation
People v. Montealegre, G.R. No. L-67948, 31 May 1988

2. Accomplices, RPC, Art. 18

People v. Mandolado, supra; People v. Doctolero, G.R. No. 34386, 07 February 1991;
People v. Roche, G.R. No. 115182, 06 April 2000; People v. Pilola, G.R. No. 121828, 27 June
2003; People v. Garcia, G.R. No. 141125, 28 February 2002

3. Accessories, RPC, Art. 19, Presidential Decree No. 1612

People v. Talingdan, G.R. No. L-32126, 06 July 1978; People v. To!entino, G.R. No. 139179,
 03 April 2002; People v. Mariano, G.R. No.134847, 06 December 2000

B. In Light Felonies

V. PENALTIES

A. General

l. Principles

1. No ex post facto laws and other Constitutional prohibitions RPC, Art. 21 Constitution (1987),
Art. 111, Secs. 18(1) & (2), 19(1), 20, 22

In Re: Kay Villegas Kami, G.R. No. L-32485, 22 October 1970; People v. Ferrer, G.R. Nos. L-
32613-14, 27 December 1972; People v. Bracamonte, G.R. No. 95939, 17 June 1996; People
v. Valdez, G.R. No. 127663, 11 March 1999

3. Prospectivity, Exceptions: RPC, Arts. 21, 22 Civil Code, Art. 4 C

People v. Gallo, G.R. No. 128361, 16 November 1999; People vs. Patalin, G.R. No. 125539,
27 July 1999

4. Effect of Repeal of Penal Laws

a. With reenactment
b. Without reenactment
People v. Pimentel, supra

B. Penalties which may be imposed RPC, Art. 25; R. A. 10951

1. Principal Penalties
2. Accessory Penalties

C. Specific Principal and Accessory Penalties

1. Capital Punishment Republic Act No. 9346 “Prohibiting the Imposition of the Death Penalty";
Republic Act No. 7659; Republic Act No. 8177 and Implementing Rules and Regulations;
Constitution (1987), Art. III, Sec. 19; RPC, Arts. 40, 47, 81-85

People v. Echegaray, G.R. No. 117472, 25 June 1996, Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, G.R.
No. 132601, Resolution dated 4 and 19 January 1999; People v. Esparas, et al. G.R. No.
120034, 20 August 1996; People v. Munoz, G.R. No. L-38969-70, 09 February 1989

2. Afflictive Penalties RPC, Arts. 27, 41-42

a. Reclusion Perpetua

i. As Indivisible Penalty
People v. Gatward, G.R. Nos. 119772-73, 07 February 1997; People v. Ramirez, G.R. No.
138261, 17 April 2001

ii. Distinguished from Life Imprisonment

People v. Ballabare, G.R. No. 108871, 19 November 1996

b. Reclusion Temporal

c. Prision Mayor
3. Correctional Penalties
a. Prision Correccional
b. Arresto Mayor : RPC, Arts. 27, 39, 43, 44

4. Light Penalties
a. Arresto Menor
b. Public Censure: RPC, Arts. 27, 39, 44

5. Penalties common to afflictive, correctional and light penalties

a. Fine
b. Bond to keep the peace: RPC, Arts. 25, 26, 35, 66

D. Accessory Penalties: RPC, Arts. 30-34

1. Temporary Absolute Disqualification;

2. Perpetual or Temporary Special Disqualification;
3. Suspension from Public Office, the Right to Vote and be Voted for, the Right to Practice
a Profession or Calling;
4. Civil Interdiction;
5. Indemnification or Confiscation of Instruments or Proceeds of the felony or Offense
6. Payment of Costs

E. Measures Not Considered Penalty: RPC, Art. 24 Family Code, Art. 228-229

F. Application and Computation of Penalties

1. Generally, RPC, Arts. 28, 29, 46

People v. Formigones, G.R. No. L-3246, 29 November 1950

Principals, Accomplices and Accessories in Consummated, Frustrated and Attempted Felonies

RPC, Arts. 46, 50-57, 60-61

People v. Campuhan, supra

2. Effects of Mitigating and Aggravating Circumstances: RPC, Arts. 62-64, 67, 69

Lacanilao v. CA, G.R. No. L-34940, 27 June 1988

G. Special Rules

1. Complex Crimes: RPC, Art. 48

People v. Escober, supra; People v. Hernandez, G.R. Nos. L-6025-26, 18 July 1956; People v.
Geronimo, G.R. No. L-8936, 23 October 1956; Ponce Enrile v. Salazar, G.R. No. 92163, 05
June 1990; People v. Toling, G.R. No. L-27097, 17 January 1975; Monteverde v. People, G.R.
No. 139610, 12 August 2002; People v. Comadre, G.R. No. 153559, 08 June 2004; People v.
Delos Santos, G.R. No. 131588, 27 March 2001; People v. Velasquez, G.R. No. 137383-84, 23
November 2000

2. Special Complex Crimes

People v. Fabon, G.R. No. 133226, 16 March 2000; People v. Empante, G.R. No. 130665, 21
April 1999

3. Crime different from that intended: RPC, Art. 49

4. Impossible Crimes: RPC, Arts. 4(2), 59

5. Additional penalty for certain accessories: RPC, Art. 58

6. Where the offender is below 18 years old: RPC, Art. 68 Presidential decree No. 603, Art. 192

7. The Three-Fold Rule RPC

Mejorada v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. L-51065-72, 30 June 1987

8. Where the penalty is composed of three periods, RPC, Art. 65

H. The Indeterminate Sentence Law Act No. 4103, RPC, Art. 64

Dela Cruz v. CA, G.R. No. 105213, 04 December 1996; People v. Campuhan, supra; People v.
Saley, supra

9. Execution and Service of Penalties

1. Execution of Penalties RPC, Arts. 78, 86-88; Rules and Regulations to Implement RA No.
8177
In the Matter of the Petition for Habeas Corpus of Pete C. Lagran, G.R. No. 147270, 15
August 2001

2. Effects of Probation Law Presidential Decree No. 968 as amended, R. A. 10707

Llamado v. CA, G.R. No. 84850, 29 June 1989; Baia v. Judge Martinez, G.R. No. L-67301, 29
January 1990; Salgado v. CA, G.R. No. 89606, 30 August 1990; Office of the Court
Administrator v. Librado, A.M. No. P-94-1089, 22 August 1996; Colinares vs. People, G.R. No.
182748, 13 December 2011; Villareal vs. People, G.R. No. 151258, 01 December 2014

3. Suspension in case of Insanity or Minority

Republic Act No. 9344; RPC, Art. 79; Presidential Decree no. 603, Arts. 189-204; Rule on
Juveniles in Conflict with the Law, Sec. 32

VI. EXTINCTION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY

A. Total Extinction RPC, Arts. 89-93

Monsanto v. Factoran, G.R. No. 78239, 09 February 1989; Presidential Ad Hoc Fact-Finding
Committee on Behest Loans v. Desierto, G.R. No. 130817, 22 August 2001; People v.
Abungan, G.R. No. 136843, 28 September 2000; Recebido v. People, G.R. No. 141931, 04
December 2000; Del Castillo v. Torrecampo, G.R. No. 139033, 18 December 2002; People v.
Patriarca, G.R. No. 135457, 29 September 2000

B. Partial Extinction RPC, Arts. 94-99

VII. CIVIL LIABILITY ARISING FROM A FELONY

A. General Rule RPC, Art. 100 Civil Code, Arts. 20, 1161, 2176, 2177; 2000 Rules on Criminal
Procedure, Rule 111
Quinto v. Andres, supra; Chua v. CA, G.R. No. 150793, 19 November 2004; Basilio v. CA, G.R.
No. 125935, 29 November 2000; Philippine Rabbit v. People, G.R. No. 147703, 14 April 2004

B. Special Cases

1. Insanity, Imbecility and those Over 9 and Under 15 Years of Age

2. State of Necessity
3. Irresistible Force, Uncontrollable Fear of Greater or Equal Injury: RPC, Art. 101
4. Innkeepers and Similar Persons: RPC, Art. 102
5. Subsidiary Liability of Other Persons: RPC, Art. 103
Carpio v. Doroja, G.R. No. 84516, 05 December 1989

C. What Civil Liability Includes RPC, Arts. 104-108

D. Persons Civilly Liable RPC, Arts. 108-111

E. Extinction of Civil Liability RPC, Arts. 112-113 Civil Code, Art. 1233