React JS Interview

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@Maheshpal Singh Rathore @Kiran Kanwar Rathore
@mpsrathore2020 @kiranrathore123
 What is React.js and how does it differ from
other JavaScript libraries?

React.js is a JavaScript library for building user

interfaces.

It allows developers to create reusable UI

components and manage the state and props of
those components.

It differs from other JavaScript libraries in that

it focuses specifically on the view layer of an
application, making it a great choice for building
complex, large-scale user interfaces.

@Maheshpal Singh Rathore

@mpsrathore2020
 What are the advantages of using
React.js?

Reusable components.

Virtual DOM for efficient updates and

rendering.

Good performance.

Strong developer community and support.

Easy integration with other libraries and

frameworks.

Can be used on the client and server side.

@Maheshpal Singh Rathore

@mpsrathore2020
How does the virtual DOM in React.js work?

React uses a virtual DOM (Document Object Model)

to optimize updates and rendering.

The virtual DOM is a lightweight in-memory

representation of the actual DOM.

When the state of a component changes, React

compares the virtual DOM with the actual DOM and
only makes changes to the actual DOM where
necessary, which is much more efficient than re-
rendering the entire page.

@Maheshpal Singh Rathore

@mpsrathore2020
 How does React.js handle updates and
rendering?

When a component's state changes, React will

re-render that component and its child
components to reflect the new state.

React uses a virtual DOM to optimize updates

by only re-rendering the specific parts of the
actual DOM that have changed.

This helps to improve the performance of the

application.

@Maheshpal Singh Rathore

@mpsrathore2020
 What are the components in React.js
and how are they used?

Components in React.js are the building

blocks of a React application.

They are used to create reusable UI

elements.

Components can be either functional or

class-based and can be nested to create
more complex UI elements.

Components accept inputs called props and

manage their own state.

@Maheshpal Singh Rathore

@mpsrathore2020
 How does React.js handle state and props?

State in React.js refers to the data or variables

that determine a component's behavior and
render its content.

State can be changed within a component, which

will trigger a re-render.

Props (short for properties) are inputs passed to

a component from its parent.

They are read-only and cannot be changed within

the component.

@Maheshpal Singh Rathore

@mpsrathore2020
 What is JSX and how is it used in
React.js?

JSX is a syntax extension for JavaScript that

allows developers to write HTML-like elements
in their JavaScript code.

It is used in React to describe the structure and

content of a component.

JSX is transpiled to plain JavaScript before

being executed, so it is compatible with all web
browsers.

@Maheshpal Singh Rathore

@mpsrathore2020
 What is the component lifecycle in
React.js?

The component lifecycle in React.js refers to

the different stages a component goes
through, from its creation to its destruction.

The main lifecycle methods include:

1. componentDidMount: executed after the first

render .

2. componentDidUpdate: executed after each

update.

3. componentWillUnmount: executed before the

component is removed from the DOM.

@Maheshpal Singh Rathore

@mpsrathore2020
 How do you use event handling in
React.js?

Event handling in React.js is done using the

onEventName syntax, where EventName is
the name of the event you want to handle,
such as onClick or onSubmit.

Event handlers are passed as props to the

component and are typically defined as
arrow functions or bound methods.

@Maheshpal Singh Rathore

@mpsrathore2020
 What is the significance of props in
React.js?

Props are used to pass data from a parent

component to a child component.

Props provide a way to make components

reusable and configurable.

Props components are read-only

components.

@Maheshpal Singh Rathore

@mpsrathore2020
 How do you use forms and form
validation in React.js?

Forms and form validation in React.js are

typically implemented using controlled
components, where the form input values
are stored in the state and updated as the
user interacts with the form.

Form validation is then performed by

checking the values in the state against a set
of rules.

@Maheshpal Singh Rathore

@mpsrathore2020
 How do you handle routing in a React.js
application?

Routing in a React.js application is typically

handled using a library such as React
Router.

This library provides components and APIs

for defining routes and navigating between
them.

@Maheshpal Singh Rathore

@mpsrathore2020
 How do you use React.js with a state
management library such as Redux?

React.js can be used with a state

management library such as Redux by
integrating the Redux store with the React
components.

This allows for better management of

shared state between components.

@Maheshpal Singh Rathore

@mpsrathore2020
 What is the significance of Higher Order
Components (HOC) in React.js?

Higher Order Components (HOC) in React.js

are components that wrap other
components to add additional functionality.

They are significant because they allow for

code reuse and abstract common
functionality into a single, reusable
component.

@Maheshpal Singh Rathore

@mpsrathore2020
 How do you use Hooks in React.js?

Hooks were introduced in React 16.8 and

allow for using state and other React
features without writing a class
component.

Hooks make it easier to reuse logic

between components and provide more
flexible and concise code.

They are significant because they allow for

more flexible and concise code

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
 How do you use Context API in React.js?

The Context API in React.js is a feature

that allows for sharing data between
components without passing props down
through multiple levels of components.

This is useful for data that is needed by

many components throughout an
application.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
 How can you optimize the performance
of a React.js application?

Performance of React.js applications can

be optimized through techniques like
using the shouldComponentUpdate
lifecycle method and lazy loading.

Memoization can also be used to improve

the performance of React.js applications.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
How do you test React.js components?

React.js components can be tested using

various testing libraries, such as Jest
and Enzyme.

These libraries provide APIs for writing

and running unit tests for React
components.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
 How does Server-side rendering work
in React.js?

Server-side rendering in React.js involves

rendering the initial HTML on the server,
rather than in the browser.

This can help improve performance,

especially for slower devices or low-
bandwidth connections.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
How does React.js handle different
types of errors?

React.js handles different types of errors

through various means, such as the try-
catch statement, the use of error
boundaries, and global error handling.

Error boundaries are React components

that catch JavaScript errors anywhere in
their child component tree, log the errors,
and display a fallback UI.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
 What is the significance of React.js
lifecycle methods?

React.js lifecycle methods are used to

manage the various stages of a
component's lifecycle, such as mounting,
updating, and unmounting.

Lifecycle methods can be used to perform

actions such as fetching data, setting up
subscriptions, or updating the component's
state.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
Can you explain how React's reconciliation
algorithm works and why it's important?

React's reconciliation algorithm is the process by

which React updates the DOM in response to
changes in the components' state or props.

Here are three key points about how it works:

1. Virtual DOM: React uses a virtual representation of
the DOM, called the Virtual DOM, to keep track of
changes and update the actual DOM efficiently.

2. Tree comparison: When a change occurs, React

compares the updated Virtual DOM tree with the
previous Virtual DOM tree to determine the minimum
number of updates required to bring the actual DOM
into sync with the updated Virtual DOM.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
3. Update optimization: React uses heuristics and
optimizations to minimize the number of updates
required and make the update process as fast as
possible. The use of the Virtual DOM and the
reconciliation algorithm make React applications
fast, even for large and complex user interfaces.

React's reconciliation algorithm is important

because it allows React to update the user
interface efficiently and with minimal overhead,
making it well-suited for complex and dynamic
applications. Additionally, the use of a Virtual
DOM provides a clear separation between the
user interface and the actual DOM, making it
easier to reason about the behavior of the
application.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
Can you explain the concept of "lifting state
up" in React and why it's important?
"Lifting state up" is a concept in React that refers
to the process of sharing state between multiple
components by moving it from lower-level
components to higher-level components.

Here are three key points about why this is important:

1. Centralized management: By lifting state up, you
can centralize the management of state in one or a
few higher-level components, making it easier to
understand and maintain the application.
2. Reusability: When state is lifted up, lower-level
components that need access to that state can
receive it as props. This makes it easier to reuse
those components in different parts of the
application, as they are not tightly coupled to the
state they depend on.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
3. Improved performance: Moving state up can also
help improve performance, as React's reconciliation
algorithm can take advantage of the fact that only
a few components are changing instead of having to
update many components individually.

Lifting state up is a critical concept in React and

can help improve the structure and
maintainability of your applications. By
centralizing state management and making
components more reusable, you can write
cleaner and more efficient code.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
Can you explain the use of Redux with React
and how it differs from using React's built-in
state management?
Use of Redux With React :
Centralized store: Redux is a state management
library that provides a centralized store for the entire
application. The store contains the state for the
whole application and can be updated using actions
and reducers.
Improved scalability: Redux makes it easier to
manage the state of a large or complex application,
as all the state is contained in a single store and
updates are made using well-defined actions and
reducers.
Better separation of concerns: By using Redux, you
can separate the state management from the
presentation of the components, making it easier to
understand and maintain the application.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
Difference between React's built-in state
management and Redux:

Local vs global: React's built-in state management

is local to individual components, while Redux
provides a global store for the whole application.

Scalability: React's built-in state management can

become cumbersome in large or complex
applications, while Redux provides a more scalable
solution.

Separation of concerns: React's built-in state

management is closely tied to the presentation of
the components, while Redux provides a more
modular and scalable solution by separating the
state management from the presentation.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
Can you explain the difference between a
stateless and stateful component in React?
Difference between stateless and stateful
components in React:

State management: Stateful components

maintain their own state, while stateless
components receive all the data they need as
props from higher-level components.

Reusability: Stateless components are typically

more reusable, as they do not maintain any state
and rely solely on the props they receive.

Performance: Stateless components are typically

faster and use less memory, as they do not have
to manage their own state.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
Can you explain the concept of "controlled
components" in React and why they are
important?
Concept of controlled components in React:
Controlled by React: Controlled components in
React are components that have their value and
behavior controlled by React, rather than by the
user or the DOM.
Better control: By controlling the value and
behavior of a component, you can more easily
manage the behavior of the component and ensure
that it behaves as expected.
Improved reliability: Controlled components can
help improve the reliability of your application, as
you have more control over the behavior of the
component and can ensure that it behaves as
expected.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
 Can you explain the concept of "reactive
updates" in React and how it differs from
traditional data binding?
Concept of "reactive updates" in React:
Reactive nature: Reactive updates in React refer to
the way that React updates the user interface in
response to changes in the data. React updates the
UI reactively, meaning that it updates the UI in
response to changes in the data.
Improved performance: Reactive updates can
improve performance by only updating the parts of
the UI that have changed, rather than re-rendering
the entire UI.
Dynamic updates: Reactive updates allow for
dynamic updates to the UI, as the UI is
automatically updated in response to changes in
the data.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
Differences from traditional data binding:
Two-way vs one-way: Traditional data binding
often involves two-way binding, where
changes in the UI can also update the data. In
React, updates are one-way, with changes in
the data causing updates to the UI.

Declarative nature: React uses a declarative

approach to updating the UI, whereas
traditional data binding often uses an
imperative approach.

Efficient updates: React's reactive updates

are more efficient than traditional data
binding, as React only updates the parts of
the UI that have changed.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
Can you explain how React handles
performance optimization, such as lazy
loading and memoization?
React's performance optimization techniques:
Lazy loading: Lazy loading in React involves
loading components only when they are
needed, rather than loading all components
upfront. This can improve performance by
reducing the amount of data that needs to be
loaded and processed.

Memoization: Memoization in React involves

caching the results of expensive computations
so that they can be reused in the future, rather
than recomputing the results each time. This
can improve performance by reducing the
amount of redundant computation.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
Virtual DOM: React uses a virtual DOM, which
is a lightweight in-memory representation of
the actual DOM, to update the UI efficiently.
This can improve performance by minimizing
the number of actual DOM updates that are
required.

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123
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@Maheshpal Singh Rathore

@mpsrathore2020

@Kiran Kanwar Rathore

@kiranrathore123

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