Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
Confidence Interval and Sample
Size
Lesson
Confidence Interval
1
Are you planning to run as a student leader? How are you going to
determine whether you can win or lose in your desired position? How
important is the margin of error in a survey for winning the election? Are
you familiar with the length of the confidence interval and how it is applied
in real-life situations? What is a margin of error?

The answers to these questions are expected after studying this

module. This will help you to identify the length of the interval, the margin
of error, and be able to differentiate the confidence level from a confidence
interval.

What's New

Definition of Terms

1. Point Estimate is a single value that estimates the population

parameter, such as x ̅ as estimate for μ, or s as estimate for σ.

2. Interval Estimate sometimes called confidence interval is a range of

values that is used to estimate a parameter. This estimate may or may
not contain the true parameter value.

3. Length of the Confidence Interval refers to the absolute difference

between the upper confidence limit and the lower confidence limit.

4. Confidence level of an interval estimate of a parameter is the

probability that the interval estimate contains a parameter, it describes
what percentage of intervals from many different samples contains the
unknown population parameter.

The confidence level has its corresponding coefficient which is called

confidence coefficients. These coefficients are used to find the margin
of error.

5. Margin of Error refers to the maximum likely difference between the

observed sample mean and the true value of the population mean.
 What's In

Estimating Population Mean (𝝁) when 𝝈 is Known or When 𝒏 ≥ 𝟑𝟎.

When the population variance or standard deviation is known, or

when 𝒏 ≥ 𝟑𝟎 (by central limit theorem), the formula below can be used as an
interval estimate of population mean 𝜇 at a certain degree of confidence 𝛼.
𝜎 𝜎
𝑥̅ − 𝑧𝛼⁄2 ( ) < 𝜇 < 𝑥̅ + 𝑧𝛼⁄2 ( )
√𝑛 √𝑛
The formula to find the length of the confidence interval:
𝜎
𝐿𝐶𝐼 = 2𝑧𝛼⁄2 ( )
√𝑛
where 𝑥̅ = sample mean
𝜎 = population standard deviation
𝑛 = sample size
𝑧𝛼⁄2 = confidence coefficient.

The values of 𝒛𝜶⁄ (confidence coefficients) are listed below with the
𝟐
usual confidence level used in estimating population mean.

90% 95% 97% 98% 99%

Confidence Level
0.90 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.99
𝑧𝛼⁄2 1.645 1.96 2.17 2.33 2.58

Table 1. Confidence Coefficients of 𝑧

In the general formula for determining the interval estimate for the
𝜎
parameter 𝜇, the value 𝑥̅ − 𝑧𝛼⁄2 ( 𝑛) is called the lower confidence
√
𝜎
boundary or limit (LL) and the other value 𝑥̅ + 𝑧𝛼⁄2 ( 𝑛) is called the upper
√
confidence boundary or limit (UL).
 𝜎
The term 𝑧𝛼⁄2 ( 𝑛) is called margin of error, denoted by E, which is
√
defined as the maximum likely difference between the observed sample
mean and the true value of the population mean 𝜇. Thus, another way of
writing the formula for finding the confidence interval for the population
parameter 𝜇 is:
̅−𝑬<𝝁<𝒙
𝒙 ̅+𝑬
𝝈
where 𝑬 = 𝒛𝜶⁄ ( 𝒏)
𝟐 √

Notes to the Students

• If population standard deviation (𝜎) is unknown, compute the

sample standard deviation (𝑠) then use it to replace 𝜎 in the
formula provided.
• Even if 𝑛 < 30, the formula can still be used provided that the
population is approximately normal and the population
standard deviation 𝜎 is known.

Example 1:

A random sample of 46 scores from the examination of HUMSS

learners is taken and it gives a sample mean of 78 with the interval scores
between 77.18 and 78.82 having a 90% level of confidence.

Let’s answer the questions!

▪ Which of the following is the 𝑥̅ in the given statement?

Since it is given in the statement above, the sample mean is 78.

▪ What is the upper limit? What is the lower limit?

The upper limit is 78.82 while the lower limit is 77.18

▪ What is the margin of error in the given statement?

As we can see, the Margin of error is not directly mentioned, but
the lower limit and upper limit is there. As mentioned earlier the
formula of the upper limit and the lower limit includes the Margin
of error.
LL= 𝑿̅–E
 The Lower limit and mean are given so…
77.18 = 78 – E
E = 78-77.18
E = 0.82

Let’s see if we can get the same value of E if we use the formula for the
upper limit.
̅+E
UL= 𝑿

The Upper limit and mean are given. So, we have

78.82 = 78 + E
E = 78.82-78
E = 0.82

Therefore, the margin of error is 0.82

▪ What is the confidence interval in the given statement?

To find the confidence interval, we have to use Lower limit < 𝝁<
Upper limit and substitute the given data. We have,
77.18 < 𝝁< 78.82

So, the Confidence interval is between 77.18 and 78.82.

▪ What is the confidence level? How will you conclude?

The confidence level is 90%. So, we are 90% confident that the mean
score lies between 77.18 and 78.82.

Note: Sometimes, you just need to convert the formula to find what is
missing.

Example 2.

Compute the margin of error of the 95% confidence interval estimate

of 𝜇 when 𝜎 = 10, and 𝑛 = 25.
Analysis: Remember that even if 𝑛 < 30, the formula can still be used provided that the
population standard deviation σ is known.

Solution: From the table 1 (see above), for 95% level, 𝒛𝜶⁄ = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔, thus, the
𝟐
margin of error is:
𝜎 10
𝑧𝛼⁄2 ( ) = 1.96 ( ) = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟐
√𝑛 √25

𝑬 = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟐
Example 3.

Compute the 98% confidence interval estimate of 𝜇 given the following:

𝜎 = 6.4, 𝑛 = 40, and 𝑥̅ = 42. Compute the length of the confidence interval.
Solution: From the table, for 98% level, 𝒛𝜶⁄ = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟑
𝟐

Substitute the values of 𝑥̅ ,

𝜎 𝜎
𝑥̅ − 𝑧𝛼⁄2 ( ) < 𝜇 < 𝑥̅ + 𝑧𝛼⁄2 ( )
𝑧𝛼⁄ , 𝜎, and 𝑛, then calculate. √𝑛 √𝑛
2

𝐸 = 2.36 6.4 6.4

42 − 2.33 ( ) < 𝜇 < 42 + 2.33 ( )
Upper Limit: 44.36 √40 √40
Lower Limit: 39.4 42 − 2.36 < 𝜇 < 42 + 2.36
𝟑𝟗. 𝟔𝟒 < 𝝁 < 𝟒𝟒. 𝟑𝟔
Length of the confidence interval:
𝜎
𝐿𝐶𝐼 = 2𝑧𝛼⁄2 ( )
√𝑛
= 2(2.36)
= 4.72
Interpretation: The population mean is within the confidence interval 39.64
and 44.36.
Example 4:

A car company wants to estimate the miles-per-gallon rate of their

new car model. It was known through experience that similar models have
standard deviation of 4.5 miles-per-gallon. A random sample of 100 units of
the new model showed a mean of 32 miles-per-gallon. Construct a 97%
confidence interval for the population mean miles-per-gallon rate of the new
car model.

Solution:
𝜎 𝜎
Given: 𝑥̅ = 32 𝑥̅ − 𝑧𝛼⁄2 ( ) < 𝜇 < 𝑥̅ + 𝑧𝛼⁄2 ( )
𝜎 = 4.5 √𝑛 √𝑛
𝑛 = 100
4.5 4.5
From the table, for 97% level, 32 − 2.17 ( ) < 𝜇 < 32 + 2.17 ( )
𝑧𝛼⁄ = 2.17 √100 √100
2
32 − 0.98 < 𝜇 < 32 + 0.98
Substitute the values of 𝑥̅ , 𝑧𝛼⁄2 , 𝜎,
and 𝑛, then calculate. 𝟑𝟏. 𝟎𝟐 < 𝝁 < 𝟑𝟐. 𝟗𝟖
𝐸 = 0.98

Interpretation: Thus, we can say with 97% confidence that the interval between
31.02 miles-per-gallon and 32.98 miles-per-gallon contain the population mean
based on 100 units of the new model’s miles-per-gallon rate.
Example 5:

A researcher wants to estimate the number of hours that 5-year old

children spend watching television. A sample of 50 five-year old children was
observed to have a mean viewing time of 3 hours. The population is
normally distributed with a population standard deviation 0.5 hours, find
the 95% confidence interval of the population mean.

Solution:
Given: 𝑥̅ = 3 𝜎 𝜎
𝜎 = 0.5 𝑥̅ − 𝑧𝛼⁄2 ( ) < 𝜇 < 𝑥̅ + 𝑧𝛼⁄2 ( )
𝑛 = 50 √𝑛 √𝑛
From the table, for 95% level, 0.5 0.5
𝑧𝛼⁄2 = 1.96 3 − 1.96 ( ) < 𝜇 < 3 + 1.96 ( )
√50 √50
Substitute the values of 𝑥̅ , 𝑧𝛼⁄ , 𝜎,
2 3 − 0.14 < 𝜇 < 3 + 0.14
and 𝑛, then calculate.
𝟐. 𝟖𝟔 < 𝝁 < 𝟑. 𝟏𝟒
𝐸 = 0.14

Interpretation: Thus, we can say with 95% confidence that the interval
between 2.86 hours and 3.14 hours contain the population mean based on
50 five-year old children’s TV viewing time.

Estimating Population Mean (𝝁) when 𝝈 is Unknown or When 𝒏 < 𝟑𝟎.

When 𝒏 < 𝟑𝟎 (small sample size), the Central Limit Theorem

cannot be applied, and thus, if population standard deviation 𝝈 is
unknown for small sample size, the sample standard deviation 𝑠 cannot
take its place, therefore, the interval estimate using the z-table cannot be
used. For this case, the 𝒕 − 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 is used to make an interval
estimate. The formula becomes:
𝑠 𝑠
𝑥̅ − 𝑡𝛼⁄2 ( ) < 𝜇 < 𝑥̅ + 𝑡𝛼⁄2 ( )
√𝑛 √𝑛
The formula to find the length of the confidence interval:
𝑠
𝐿𝐶𝐼 = 2𝑡𝛼⁄2 ( )
√𝑛
where 𝑥̅ = sample mean
𝑠 = sample standard deviation
𝑛 = sample size
𝑡𝛼⁄2 = confidence coefficient.
 𝑠
From the formula, 𝑡𝛼⁄2 ( 𝑛) is called margin of Error (E).
√

The values of 𝒕𝜶⁄ (confidence coefficients) can be found using 𝒕-table.

𝟐

T-distribution
The concept of the degrees of freedom is used in the t-distribution.
The degrees of freedom, denoted by 𝒅𝒇, are the number of values that are
free to vary after a sample statistic has been computed, and they tell us the
specific curve to use when a distribution consists of a family of curves.
Thus, to compute for 𝒅𝒇 = 𝒏 − 𝟏 , where n is the sample size.
To determine the t-values, we use the t-table as shown below. Note:
𝜶 = 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍 (area on the right tail), for example, with 95%
confidence level, 𝜶 = 𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓, thus, the area on the right tail is 0.05.

Illustrative Example 1:
What is the values of 𝑡𝛼⁄2
(confidence coefficients) when
𝑛 = 22 at 99% confidence level?

In 99% confidence level, 𝛼 =

0.01
𝛼⁄ = 0.01 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓
2 2
When 𝑛 = 22, 𝑑𝑓 = 22 − 1, 𝒅𝒇 =
𝟐𝟏

To look for the t-value in the

t-table, first locate area in
right tail on the top row,
then the 𝒅𝒇 on the leftmost
column. The intersection is
the required t-value.

𝛼⁄ = 0.005 and 𝑑𝑓 = 21
2

𝑡𝛼⁄2 = 𝑡0.005 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟑𝟏

Example 6:

Compute the margin of error of the 90% confidence interval estimate of 𝜇

when 𝑠 = 5, 𝑛 = 16.

Solution: Since it is a 90% confidence interval, 𝛼 = 0.10, that means 𝒕𝜶⁄ =

𝟐
𝒕𝟎.𝟏𝟎⁄ = 𝒕𝟎.𝟎𝟓. From the t-table, for 𝒅𝒇 = 16 − 1 = 𝟏𝟓, 𝒕𝟎.𝟎𝟓 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟓𝟑, thus, the
𝟐
margin of error is:

𝑠 5
𝐸 = 𝑡𝛼⁄2 ( ) = 1.753 ( ) = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟗
√𝑛 √16

𝑬 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟗
Length of the confidence interval:

𝑳𝑪𝑰 = 𝟐𝑬

= 2(2.19)

= 𝟒. 𝟑𝟖

Example 7:

Compute the 95% confidence interval estimate of 𝜇 given the following:

𝑠 = 9, 𝑛 = 12, and 𝑥̅ = 27.

Solution: From the given, 𝑑𝑓 = 12 − 1 = 11, since it is 95% confidence level, 𝛼 = 0.05,
thus, 𝒕𝜶⁄ = 𝒕𝟎.𝟎𝟓⁄ = 𝒕𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟓. From the t-table, for 𝒅𝒇 = 𝟏𝟏, 𝒕𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟓 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟎𝟏.
𝟐 𝟐

𝑠 𝑠
𝑥̅ − 𝑡𝛼⁄2 ( ) < 𝜇 < 𝑥̅ + 𝑡𝛼⁄2 ( )
√𝑛 √𝑛
9 9
27 − 2.201 ( ) < 𝜇 < 27 + 2.201 ( )
√12 √12
27 − 5.72 < 𝜇 < 27 + 5.72
𝟐𝟏. 𝟐𝟖 < 𝝁 < 𝟑𝟐. 𝟕𝟐
Example 8:
A printer manufacturer wants to estimate the pages-per-cartridge
print rate of their new printer model. A random sample of 10 units of the
new printer model showed a mean of 14000 pages-per-cartridge with a
standard deviation of 20. Construct a 98% confidence interval to estimate
the pages-per-cartridge rate of their new printer model.
Solution: From the problem, 𝑠 = 20, 𝑥̅ = 1400, and 𝑛 = 10. Therefore, 𝑑𝑓 =
10 − 1 = 9, and since it is 98% confidence level, 𝛼 = 0.02, so 𝑡𝛼⁄2 = 𝑡0.01 . From
the t-table, for 𝑑𝑓 = 9, 𝒕𝟎.𝟎𝟏 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟐𝟏.

𝑠 𝑠
𝑥̅ − 𝑡𝛼⁄2 ( ) < 𝜇 < 𝑥̅ + 𝑡𝛼⁄2 ( )
√𝑛 √𝑛
20 20
1400 − 2.821 ( ) < 𝜇 < 1400 + 2.821 ( )
√10 √10
1400 − 17.84 < 𝜇 < 1400 + 17.84
𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟐. 𝟏𝟔 < 𝝁 < 𝟏𝟒𝟏𝟕. 𝟖𝟒

Interpretation: Thus, we can say with 98% confidence that the interval between
1382.16 pages and 1417.84 contains the true population mean pages-per-cartridge
based on the sample of 10 units of new printer model.

Example 9.
An admission officer of an educational institution wants to know the
mean age of all entering mathematics majors. He computed a mean age of
18 years and a standard deviation of 1.2 years on a random sample of 25
entering mathematics majors purportedly coming from a normally
distributed population. With 99% confidence, find the point estimate and
the interval estimate of the population mean.

Solution: From the problem, 𝑠 = 1.2, 𝑥̅ = 18, and 𝑛 = 25. Therefore, 𝑑𝑓 = 25 −

1 = 24, and since it is 99% confidence level, 𝛼 = 0.01, so 𝑡𝛼⁄2 = 𝑡0.005. From the
t-table, for 𝑑𝑓 = 24, 𝒕𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟗𝟕.
𝑠 𝑠
𝑥̅ − 𝑡𝛼⁄2 ( ) < 𝜇 < 𝑥̅ + 𝑡𝛼⁄2 ( )
√𝑛 √𝑛
1.2 1.2
18 − 2.797 ( ) < 𝜇 < 18 + 2.797 ( )
√25 √25
18 − 0.67 < 𝜇 < 18 + 0.67
𝟏𝟕. 𝟑𝟑 < 𝝁 < 𝟏𝟖. 𝟔𝟕

Interpretation: Thus, we can say with 99% confidence that the interval
between 17.33 and 18.67 contains the true mean age the population of
entering mathematics majors based on the sample of 25 entering
mathematics majors.
 Notes to the Students
Computing for the interval estimate of population proportion is not covered
here. Meanwhile, population proportion will be covered in hypothesis testing. A
population proportion is a fraction or a percentage of the population that has a
certain characteristic. The formula for computing the a large-sample confidence
interval for population proportion p is

𝑝̂ 𝑞̂ 𝑝̂ 𝑞̂
𝑝̂ − 𝑧𝛼⁄2 √ < 𝑝 < 𝑝̂ + 𝑧𝛼⁄2 √
𝑛 𝑛

where:
𝑝̂ = sample proportion
𝑞̂ = 1 − 𝑝̂
𝑛 = sample size
𝑧𝛼⁄2 = z value that leaves an area of 𝛼⁄2.

𝑝̂𝑞̂
From the formula, 𝑧𝛼⁄2 √ is the margin of error E.
𝑛
Lesson
Sample Size Determination
2
In the previous lessons, you learned how to identify and compute for
the confidence interval. This time, using the length interval, you will learn
how to compute for an appropriate sample size.
Your knowledge in determining the sample size is essential
particularly in conducting a research study. A researcher does not just
declare a number to represent the number of respondents he/she wants to
include in the investigation. An appropriate sample size and sampling
techniques must be implemented to come up with the best estimate of the
parameter. Therefore, it is one of the requirements so that the findings of the
study can be generalized to every member of the population.

What's In

To make an accurate estimate of the parameter, it is vital to determine

the appropriate size of the sample. The factors that affect the sample size are
the maximum error of estimate, the population standard deviation, and the
confidence level.

The formula in determining the Minimum Sample Size for the

Estimation of Population Mean 𝜇 is
𝒁𝜶⁄ 𝝈
𝟐
𝒏=( )𝟐
𝑬
where:
𝑛 = appropriate sample size

𝜎 = population standard deviation

𝑍𝛼⁄2 = critical value

𝐸 = margin of error
Since the value of 𝜎 is usually unknown, it can be estimated by the
standard deviation 𝜎 from a prior sample.
Factors Affecting Sample size Determination
There are three factors that influence the sample size determination;
(1) the level of confidence, (2) the population standard deviation, and (3) the
margin of error. Among these factors, only two are under the researcher’s
control.
These are:
• Margin of Error. Since no sample will be perfect, you need to decide how
much error to allow. The confidence interval determines this. The less error
you’re willing to accept, the bigger the sample size needs to be.

• Confidence Level. This determines how certain you want to be that the
parameter falls within your confidence interval. Most common confidence
intervals are 90%, 95% or 99%. The more confident you want to be, the
bigger the sample size needs to be.

90% 95% 97% 98% 99%

Confidence Level
0.90 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.99
𝑧𝛼⁄2 1.645 1.96 2.17 2.33 2.58

Table 1. Confidence Coefficients of 𝑧

EXAMPLE 1.

A HUMSS student is conducting a research on the awareness of SHS

learners on the names of the Philippine Presidents. Given a margin of error
of 4 with a standard deviation of 9 having a 99% confidence level. What
should be the minimum sample size that the student-researchers need to
estimate the population mean?

SOLUTION:
Let us identify the given in the problem:

➢ Confidence level is 99% then 𝑧𝛼 = 2.58

2
➢ 𝐸=4
➢ 𝜎=9
𝑍𝛼⁄ 𝜎
Use the formula: 𝑛=( 2
)2
𝐸
(2.58)(9)
Substitute the given: 𝑛 = [( )]2
4

Evaluate: 𝑛 ≈ 33.70
Round off to the nearest whole number: 𝑛 = 𝟑𝟒

Therefore, to be 99% confident that the estimate differs from the true
mean by 4, the minimum sample size needed is at least 34.
Note: When determining sample size, we always round off the resulting value
to the next whole number.
EXAMPLE 2.

An Environmentalist is making a survey on the number of

households that applies the principles of Waste Management in a certain
community. Given the standard deviation of 2.6, how large a sample must
be selected if we want to be 95% confident of finding whether the true
mean differs from the sample mean by 1.5 hour?

SOLUTION:
To answer the question, let us identify the given:

➢ For a 95% confidence level, 𝑧𝛼 = 1.96

2
➢ 𝐸 = 1.5
➢ 𝜎 = 2.6
𝑍𝛼⁄ 𝜎
Use the formula: 𝑛=( 𝐸
2
)2
(1.96)(2.6) 2
Substitute the given: 𝑛 =[ ]
1.5

Evaluate: 𝑛 ≈ 11.54
Round off to the nearest whole number: 𝑛 = 𝟏𝟐
Therefore, to be 95% confident that the estimate differs from the true
mean by 1.5, we need a sample size of at least 12.

EXAMPLE 3.

Compute for the appropriate sample size if the margin of error is

6, with a sample standard deviation of 25 and a 90% level of
confidence.

SOLUTION: Identify the given.

➢ For a 90% confidence level, 𝑧𝛼 = 1.645
2
➢ 𝐸=6
➢ 𝜎 = 25
𝑍𝛼⁄ 𝜎
Use the formula: 𝑛=( 2
)2
𝐸
(1.645)(25) 2
Substitute the given: 𝑛 =[ ]
6

Evaluate: 𝑛 ≈ 46.98
Round off to the nearest whole number: 𝑛 = 𝟒𝟕
Therefore, to be 90% confident that the estimate differs from the true mean
by 6, we need a sample size of at least 47.

EXAMPLE 4.

Compute for the appropriate sample size if the margin of error is 6,

with a sample standard deviation of 25 and a 92% level of confidence.

SOLUTION: Identify the given data,

➢ For a 92% confidence level, 𝑧𝛼 = 1.75
2
➢ 𝐸=6
➢ 𝜎 = 25

𝑍𝛼⁄ 𝜎
Use the formula: 𝑛=( 2
)2
𝐸
(1.75)(25) 2
Substitute the given: 𝑛 =[ ]
6

Evaluate: 𝑛 ≈ 53.17
Round off to the nearest whole number: 𝑛 = 𝟓𝟒
Therefore, to be 92% confident that the estimate differs from the true mean
by 6, we need a sample size of at least 54.

Notes to the Students

Computing for the appropriate sample size in a population proportion
is not covered here. Meanwhile, population proportion will be covered
in hypothesis testing. A population proportion is a fraction or a
percentage of the population that has a certain characteristic. The
formula for computing the appropriate sample size of a population
proportion is:
𝒁𝜶/𝟐 𝟐
𝒏=𝒑 ̂𝒒
̂( )
𝑬
where: 𝑛 = appropriate sample size
𝑝 ̂ = sample proportion of success
𝑞̂ = sample proportion of failure
𝑧𝛼 = critical value
2
 What's More

Activity 1.1 Read each situation carefully to solve each problem.

1. An online seller of yema cake, which is very popular in Tayabas Quezon

surveyed several customers. Fifty-two percent (52) of the customers were
satisfied with the services that were offered with a 3.98% margin of error.
Determine the confidence interval using this information.

The average percentage of people who are satisfied with the product is
_______________.
The lower limit of confidence interval is _________________.
The upper limit of confidence interval is _________________.
The confidence interval is _______________________.

2. You are planning to buy a cellphone with a good quality in order to attend
the online class. The average price of 50 cellphones is Php13,500 with a
margin of error of Php 273.65 and a confidence level of 99%.

What is the lower limit? _______________________

What is the upper limit? _______________________
What is the confidence interval? ________________
If you have ₱13,100.00, is the amount lies within the confidence interval?
_______________________

3. A survey on 200 Senior High School learners on how much time they read
per week has a confidence interval of (13.5, 17.9) in hours at 95%
confidence level.

What is the margin of error? _________________________

What is the average time they read per week? __________________
Activity 1.2. Compute the margin of error and length of confidence interval
given the following data:

1. Confidence Level =90%, 𝜎 = 3, 𝑛 = 30

2. Confidence Level =98%, 𝜎 = 15, 𝑛 = 55
3. Confidence Level =95%, 𝑠 = 9, 𝑛 = 80
4. Confidence Level =99%, 𝑠 = 21, 𝑛 = 15
5. Confidence Level =97%, 𝑠 = 9, 𝑛 = 19

Activity 1.3. Compute the interval estimate given the following data:
1. Confidence Level =90%, 𝑥̅ = 42, 𝑠 = 10, 𝑛 = 20
2. Confidence Level =95%, 𝑥̅ = 142, 𝜎 = 9, 𝑛 = 25
3. Confidence Level =99%, 𝑥̅ = 28, 𝜎 = 12, 𝑛 = 60
4. To estimate the average salary of policemen, 64 of them were taken as
samples. If the mean salary of these samples is Php25,000 with
standard deviation of Php800, construct a 90% confidence interval
estimate for the average salary of all policemen.
5. The average weight of 15 adult Dagupan Bangus is 750grams with
standard deviation of 80grams. Construct a 98% confidence interval
estimate of the average weight of all adult Dagupan Bangus.

Activity 1.4. Determine the minimum sample size for each of the following:

1. 95% confidence level, E = 4.8 , σ=30

2. 96% confidence level, E = 5 , σ=45
3. 99% confidence level, E = 8.5 , σ=55
4. A random sample of size 70 was used with a population standard
deviation of 15. Assuming that there is a 92% confidence level, what is
the margin of error?
5. Compute for the appropriate sample size needed if the margin of error
is 15, with a population standard deviation of 43 and a 98% level of
confidence.
Activity 1.1
1. 52% ; 48.02% ; 55.98% ; 48.02% < µ < 55.98%
2. 13,226.35 ; 13,773.65 ; 13,226.35 < µ < 13,773.65 ; NO
3. 2.2
Activity 1.2
1. 0.901
2. 4.713
3. 1.972
4. 16.142
5. 5.269
Activity 1.3
1. 38.134 < µ < 45.866
2. 138.472 < µ < 145.528
3. 24..003 < µ < 31.997
4. 24,835.5 < µ < 25,164.5
5. 695.8 < µ < 804.201
Answer Key