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Tutorial 1 - MVT

This document contains 10 problems related to advanced calculus concepts like the Intermediate Value Theorem, Rolle's Theorem, Mean Value Theorems (MVT), Taylor's Theorem, and properties of derivatives and functions. Some of the problems involve using these concepts to prove properties of functions, find values that satisfy certain equations, or estimate expressions. The problems cover a wide range of calculus topics including limits, derivatives, continuity, convexity, and applying mean value theorems.

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39 views

Tutorial 1 - MVT

This document contains 10 problems related to advanced calculus concepts like the Intermediate Value Theorem, Rolle's Theorem, Mean Value Theorems (MVT), Taylor's Theorem, and properties of derivatives and functions. Some of the problems involve using these concepts to prove properties of functions, find values that satisfy certain equations, or estimate expressions. The problems cover a wide range of calculus topics including limits, derivatives, continuity, convexity, and applying mean value theorems.

Uploaded by

CoolAdit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Department of Mathematics
MA11003 - Advanced Calculus
Tutorial Problems Sheet - 1
Autumn 2023

1. Using the Intermediate Value Theorem and the Rolle’s Theorem, show that the polynomial
2x3 + 5x − 9 has exactly one real root.

2. Verify which of the following functions satisfy the conditions of the LMVT.

(a) f (x) = |x − 1| in [0, 2].


2
(b) f (x) = 1 + x 3 in [−8, 8].
{
x sin x1 if x =
6 0 [ ]
(c) f (x) = in − π2 , π2 .
0 if x = 0

3. Calculate ξ ∈ (a, b) in Cauchy’s MVT for each of the following pairs:

(a) f (x) = sin x, g(x) = cos x on [ π4 , 3π


4 ].
3 √
(b) f (x) = (1 + x) 2 , g(x) = 1 + x on [0, 12 ].

4. Show that the formula in the Lagrange’s MVT can be written as follows:

f (b) − f (a)
= f ′ (a + θ(b − a))
b−a
where 0 < θ < 1.
Substitute a = x and b = x + h. Then b − a = h. Determine θ as a function of x and h
for the following functions.
(a)f (x) = x2 (b)f (x) = ex (c)f (x) = log x , x > 0.
Keep x 6= 0 xed, and nd lim θ in each case.
h→0

5. (a) Suppose, f (x) is continuous on [1, 2] and dierentiable in (1, 2) such that f (2) = −5
and |f ′ (x)| ≤ 2. Then, what is the largest possible value of f (1).
√
(b) Use Lagrange’s MVT to estimate 3 28.
( ) 1[ ]
(c) If f ′′ (x) ≥ 0 on [a, b] prove that f x1 +x
2
2
≤ 2 f (x1 ) + f (x2 ) for any two points x1
and x2 in [a, b].

6. Prove that
2x
(a) π < sin x < x for 0 < x < π2 .
(b) nan−1 (b − a) < bn − an < nbn−1 (b − a) where 0 < a < b and n > 1.
x
(c) 1+x < log(1 + x) < x for all x > 0.

1
7. (a) Assume f is continuous on [a, b] and has a nite second derivative f ′′ in the open
interval (a, b). Assume that the line segment joining the points A = (a, f (a)) and
B = (b, f (b)) intersects the graph of f in a third point P dierent from A and B.
Prove that f ′′ (ξ) = 0 for some ξ in (a, b).
(b) If f is dierentiable on [0, 1] show by Cauchy’s MVT that the equation f (1) − f (0) =
f ′ (x)
2x has atleast one solution in (0, 1).
(c) Let f be continuous on [a, b] and dierentiable on (a, b). If f (a) = a and f (b) = b,
show that there exist distinct c1 and c2 in (a, b) such that f ′ (c1 ) + f ′ (c2 ) = 2.

8. (a) If f (x) and φ(x) are continuous on [a, b] and dierentiable on (a, b), then show that

f (a) f (b) f (b) f ′ (c)


= (b − a) , a < c < b.
φ(a) φ(b) φ(b) φ′ (c)

(b) Let f be continuous on [a, b] and dierentiable on(a, b). Using Cauchy’s MVT, show
that if a ≥ 0, then there exist x1 , x2 , x3 ∈ (a, b) such that

f ′ (x2 ) f ′ (x3 )
f ′ (x1 ) = (b + a) = (b2 + ba + a2 ) .
2x2 3x23

9. Use CMVT to prove the following:


x2
(a) Show that 1 − 2! < cos x for x 6= 0.
(b) Let f be continuous on [a, b], a > 0 and dierentiable on (a, b). Prove that there
2 2 f (b)
exist c ∈ (a, b) such that b f (a)−a
b2 −a2
= 12 [2f (c) − cf ′ (c)].
√
2 ln x 1−x2
(c) Show that 2 arcsin x−π < x for 0 < x < 1.

10. A twice dierentiable function f (x) on a closed interval [a, b] is such that f (a) = f (b) = 0
and f (x0 ) > 0 where a < x0 < b. Prove that there exists at least one value of x = c
between a and b for which f ′′ (c) < 0

**********

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