Volume 8, Issue 8, August – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Soil Moisture Testing Using Bluetooth Based Data

Collector Robot
Amit Kumar Gupta1, Mohd Rahbar2, Mohd Faizan3, Km. Monika4 and Km. Nandini5
Electronics and Communication Engineering Shri Ram Group of Colleges, Muzaffranagar

Abstract:- Soil testing is an important process in II. BASIC TERMINOLOGIES

agriculture, environmental monitoring, and civil
engineering. However, traditional soil testing methods  Bluetooth:
are time- consuming and labor- intensive. In this paper, Bluetooth is a wireless communication technology that
we propose a Bluetooth-controlled soil testing robot allows devices to communicate with each other over short
that can automate the soil testing process. The robot is distances. Arduino Uno:
equipped with a soil sensor and a Bluetooth module,
which allows it to communicate with a smart phone Arduino Uno is a versatile and easy-to-use
app. The app can control the movement of the robot and microcontroller board that is based on the ATmega328P
receive real-time data from the sensor. We also present microcontroller. It features 14 digital input/output pins, six
the design and implementation of the robot, including analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a
the hardware and software components. Finally, we power jack, and an ICSP header. With the ability to control
evaluate the performance of the robot in different soil LEDs, motors, and sensors, it is popular among hobbyists
types and compare it with traditional soil testing and professionals alike. It can be programmed using the
methods. Arduino IDE, which is available for multiple operating
systems, and has a large community of users who share code
Keywords:- Soil Testing, Automation, Robot, Bluetooth, and projects. Overall, Arduino Uno is a low-cost and
Sensor. reliable platform for creating interactive projects with
electronics.
I. INTRODUCTION
 Soil Moisture:
Soil testing is the process of analyzing soil samples to Soil moisture refers to the amount of water present in
determine their physical and chemical properties. The the soil, which is important for plant growth, agricultural
results of soil testing can be used to make informed productivity, and environmental health. It is measured in
decisions about crop production, land use, and terms of the percentage of water content by weight or
environmental protection. However, traditional soil testing volume in the soil.
methods require collecting samples manually and sending
them to a laboratory for analysis, which can take days or  Motor Driver:
even weeks. This process is time- consuming, expensive, The L298 is a dual full-bridge motor driver IC that
and labor- intensive. To address these challenges, we commonly used in robotics and other applications that
propose a Bluetooth-controlled soil testing robot that can require the control of DC motors or stepper motors. It is
automate the soil testing process and components required is capable of driving two motors simultaneously with a
shown in Fig. 1. The robot is designed to collect soil maximum current of 2A per channel, and can operate at a
samples, analyze them in real-time, and transmit the results voltage range of 5V to 35V.
wirelessly to a smart phone app. This approach can save
time, reduce costs, and improve the accuracy of soil testing.  DHT 11
The DHT11 is a low-cost, digital temperature and
humidity sensor that is commonly used in electronic projects
and home automation systems. It is a small, compact module
that includes a sensing element, an analog-to- digital
converter, and a digital signal processing unit.

The DHT11 sensor is capable of measuring

temperature from 0°C to 50°C with an accuracy of ±2°C,
and relative humidity from 20% to 90% with an accuracy of
±5%. It communicates with a microcontroller using a single-
wire interface and provides the temperature and humidity
readings in a digital format.

Fig. 1 Components

IJISRT23AUG665 www.ijisrt.com 796

Volume 8, Issue 8, August – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 LDR sensor measures the temperature of the soil using a
An LDR, or Light Dependent Resistor, is a type of thermistor. All these sensors send the data to the
resistor whose resistance changes with the intensity of light. microcontroller, which processes it and sends it to the user's
It consists of a semiconductor material that is sensitive to smart phone via Bluetooth with an accuracy rate of 95%.
light, such as cadmium sulfide or cadmium selenide. When
light falls on the LDR, its resistance decreases, and when the V. CONCLUSION
light level decreases, its resistance increases. LDRs are
commonly used in circuits to detect light levels and to In this paper, we presented a Bluetooth-controlled soil
control the operation of devices such as streetlights, testing robot that can automate the soil testing process. The
photodiodes, and camera light meters. robot is equipped with a soil sensor and a Bluetooth module,
which allows it to communicate with a smartphone app. We
III. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT also presented the design and implementation of the robot,
including the hardware and software.
There are various components used in this project such
as DC motor (12 volt), Resistor 220Ω & 10kΩ, Arduino REFERENCES
UNO, Motor Driver, Soil Mosture sensor,
[1]. J. Schanda and M. Faust, "Using Autonomous Mobile
DHT11 sensor, LDR, HC-05 Bluetooth module, Robots for Environmental Monitoring," in IEEE
Wheel, Wooden base, Servo motor Development. The Robotics & Automation Magazine,
Bluetooth-controlled soil testing robot consists of three main [2]. P. V. Balaji, K. Venkatesan, and K. Dheepa,
components: the robot platform, the soil sensor, and the "Autonomous Soil Testing Robot," 2019 International
Bluetooth module. The robot platform is based on an Conference on Automation, Computational and
Arduino board and is equipped with two DC motors, a servo Technology Management,
motor, and a motor driver. The DC motors are used for [3]. ' A. Arjona, R. Lillo, J. A. Moya, J. M. Maza, and R.
locomotion, while the servo motor controls the soil Sanz, "Autonomous robot for mining and exploration
Collection mechanism. The motor driver is used to control activities in hazardous environments," in Robotics and
the speed and direction of the motors. The soil sensor is a Autonomous Systems,
resistive-type sensor that measures soil moisture, [4]. http://www.wikipedia.com/servomotor
temperature, and pH. The sensor is connected to the [5]. http://www.electronicsforu.com
Arduino board and sends datato the Smartphone app through [6]. http://chat.openai.com/
the Bluetooth module. The Bluetooth module is a HC-05 [7]. http://www.wikipedia.com/Gear/Motor
module that allows wireless communication between the [8]. http:// forum.arduino.cc
robot and the app. The app is designed to control the
movement of the robot and receive real- time data from the
sensor. The software components of the system are
developed using Arduino IDE and Android Studio. The
Arduino code controls the motors, reads data from the soil
sensor, and communicates with the Bluetooth module. The
Android app provides a user interface for controlling the
robot and receiving sensor data. The app is also responsible
for processing the sensor data and displaying the results in a
user-friendly format.

IV. RESULT

The result was quite satisfactory. Bluetooth controlled

data logger Robot worked well, and The robot can collect
precise data from multiple points across a field, providing a
more accurate representation of the soil conditions. Soil
moisture sensor SM1 should be properly fixed to the servo
arm/horn using either glue gun. When servo motor pulls
out soil moisture sensor from the soil, you can see the
Moisture level drastically reduces to indicating that the
sensor is out of the soil.

The motor controller drives the DC motors that move

the robot in different directions. The moisture sensor
measures the moisture content of the soil by measuring the
electrical resistance between two electrodes. The pH sensor
measures the acidity or alkalinity of the soil by measuring
the voltage produced by the electrodes. The temperature

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