NAVRACHANA HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, SAMA

CLASS X- PHYSICS ASSIGNMENT –REFRACTION OF LIGHT

1. If the magnification of a body of size 1m is 2. What is the size of the image? (A: 2m)

2. List two factors on which refractive index of a medium depend on?

3. Under what conditions there won’t be any refraction of light, when it enters from one
medium to another?

4. A ray of light travelling in air is incident on a rectangular glass slab. What will happen?

5.State two factors which determine lateral displacement of a ray of light passing through a
glass slab?

6. Two lenses of power -2.5D and +1.5D are placed in contact. Find the total power of
combination of lens. Calculate the focal length of this combination? (A: -1D, -1m)

7.What is meant by power of a lens? What does its sign indicate? State its SI unit. How is this
unit related to the focal length of a lens?

8. What should be the position of an object with respect to focus of a convex lens of focal
length 20cm, so that its real and magnified image is obtained? Draw a ray diagram to show
the image formation.

9. An object is placed at 2F1 in front of a convex lens. What is the (i) position (ii) size (iii)
nature of image?

10. A concave lens made of a material of refractive index n1 is kept in a medium of refractive
index n2. A parallel beam of light is incident on the lens. Trace the path of rays of light
parallel to principal axis incident on the concave lens after refraction when (i) n1>n2 (ii)
n1=n2

11. (i) The refractive index of kerosene is 1.44. What does this statement mean? (ii) A ray of
light strikes a glass slab at an angle of incidence equal to 30o. Find the refractive index of
glass such that the angle of refraction is 19.5o?(Take sin19.5o =1/3, sin30o= ½) (A: 1.5)

12. An object of height 5cm is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a concave lens of
focal length 10cm. If the distance of the object from the optical centre of the lens is 20cm,
determine the position, nature and size of the image formed using the lens formula. (A: -
6.67cm,1.67, virtual, erect, diminished)

13. (i) Draw a ray diagram to show the refraction of light through a glass slab and mark an
angle of refraction and the lateral shift suffered by the ray of light while passing through the
slab. (ii) If the refractive index of glass for light going from air to glass is 3/2. Find the
refractive index of air for light going from glass to air. (A: 2/3)

14. The image of an object formed by a lens is of magnification -1. If the distance between
the object and its image is 60cm, what is the focal length of the lens? If the object is moved
20cm towards the lens, where would the image be formed? State reason and also draw a ray
diagram in support of your answer. (A: 15cm, -30cm)

15. Find the distance at which an object should be placed in front of a convex lens of focal
length 10cm to obtain an image of double its size? (A: -5cm , -15cm)

16 A student focussed the image of a candle flame on a white screen by placing the flame at
various distances from a convex lens. He noted his observation in the following table:

Sno. Distance of the screen from the lens(cm) Distance of the flame from
the lens(cm)

1 20 60

2 24 40

3 30 30

4 40 24

5 70 12

Analyse the above table and give the answers of the following questions: (i) what is the focal
length of convex lens (ii) which set of observation is incorrect and why? (iii) Draw the ray
diagram to show the image formation for ant correct set of observation.

17. A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on the walls of school library by
using a lens. (i) which type of lens should he use and why? (ii) At what distance in terms of
focal length F of the lens should he place the candle flame, so as to get: (a) a magnified
image (b) a diminished image? (iii) draw the ray diagrams to show the the formation of the
image in each case. (A: (a) between F and 2F, (b) beyond 2F)

18. Two lenses have power of (a) +2D (b) -4D. (i) What is the nature and focal length of
each lens?

(ii) An object is kept at a distance of 100cm from each of above lenses. Calculate (a)
image distance (b) magnification in each of the cases. (A: Convex lens, concave lens; f=
0.5m,0.5m; 50cm, (a) 100cm, -20cm (b) -1, 0.2)

19. (i) One half of a convex lens of focal length 10cm is covered with a black paper. Can
such a lens produce an image of a complete object placed at a distance of 30cm from the
lens? Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer. (ii) A 4cm tall object is placed
perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 20cm. The distance of the
object from the lens is 15cm. Find the nature, position and the size of the image. (A: -60cm,
16cm)

20.(i) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image by a convex lens when an object
is placed in front of the lens between its optical centre and principal focus. (ii) In the above
ray diagram mark the object distance(u) and the image distance(v) with their proper signs as
per the new Cartesian sign convention, and state how these distances are related to the focal
length (f) of the convex lens in this case. (iii) Find the power of convex lens which forms a
real and inverted image of magnification -1 of an object placed at a distance of 20cm from its
optical centre.(A: f= uv/v-u; 10D)

21. (i) Define focal length of a spherical lens (ii) A divergent lens has a focal length of 30cm.
At what distance should an object of height 5cm from the optical centre of the lens be placed,
so that its image is formed 15cm away from the lens? Find the size of the image also. (iii)
Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image in the above situation. (A: -30cm, 2.5cm

22. (i) What is meant by power of a lens? Define its unit. (ii) You have two lenses A and B
of focal lengths +10cm, and -10cm respectively. State the nature and power of each lens.
Which of the two lenses will form a virtual and magnified image of an object placed 8cm
from the lens? Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer. (A: (ii) 10D, convex lens; -10D,
concave lens; convex lens ).

23. Explain the following terms related to spherical lenses. (i) centre of curvature. (ii)
principal axis (iii) optical centres (iv) principal focus . At what distance from a concave lens
of focal length 20cm,should a 6cm tall object be placed, so that it forms an image at 15cm
from the lens? Also, determine the size of the image formed. (A: -60cm, 1.5cm)

24 . A 4.0 cm high object is placed at a distance of 60cm from a concave lens of focal length
20cm. Find the size of the image. (A: 1.0cm)

25. State T or F: (A: F, F, F,T)

(i) When a ray of light passes from an optically denser medium to a rarer medium, it slows
down.

(ii) If a ray of light passes from vacuum to a transparent medium, it will bend away from the
normal.

(iii) The central portion of a thin lens behaves like a rectangular slab.

(iv) When two lenses are placed in contact, the focal length of the combination is equal to the
sum of the focal lengths of the lenses.

(v) The values of and u for a concave lens are always negative by convention.

26. A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on the walls of school laboratory
by using a lens: (a) Which type of lens should he use and why? (b) At what distance in terms
of focal length F of the lens should he place the candle flame so as to get (i) a magnified (ii) a
diminished image respectively on the wall? (c) Draw ray diagram to show the formation to
show the formation of the image in each case.

27. ‘A convex lens can form a magnified erect as well as magnified and inverted image of an
object placed in front of it’. Draw a ray diagram to justify this statement stating the position
of the object with respect to the lens in each case. An object of height 4cm is placed at a
distance of 20cm from a concave lens of focal length 10cm. Use lens formula to determine he
position of the image formed. (A: -6.66cm)

28. To find the image-distance for varying object-distance in case of a convex lens, a student
obtains on a screen a sharp image of a bright object placed very far from the lens. After that
he gradually moves the object towards the lens and each time focuses its image on the screen.
(a) In which direction towards or away from the lens, does he move the screen to focus the
object? (b) what happens to the size of the image- does it increase or decrease? (c) what
happens when he moves the object very close to the lens?

29. A 4cm tall object is placed on the principal axis of a convex lens. The distance of the
object from the optical centre of the lens is 12cm and its sharp image is formed at the distance
of 24cm from it on the screen on the other side of the lens. If the object is now moved a little
away from the lens, in which way(towards or away from the lens will he have to move the
screen to get a sharp image of the object on it again? How will the magnification of the
image be affected?

30. if the image formed by a lens for all positions of an object placed in front of it is always
erect and diminished, what is the nature of this lens? Draw a ray diagram to justify your
answer. If the numerical value of the power of this lens is 10D, what is the focal length in the
Cartesian system. (A: concave lens, -10cm)

31. A student focuses the image of a candle flame, placed at about 2m from a convex lens of
focal length 10cm, on a screen. After that he moves gradually the flame towards the lens and
each time focuses its image on the screen. (a) In which direction does he move the lens to
focus the flame on the screen? (b) What happens to the size of the image of the flame formed
on the screen? (c) what difference is seen in the intensity(brightness) of the image of the
image of the flame on the screen? (d) what is seen on the screen when the flame is very close
(at about 5cm ) to the lens?

32. Arrange air, glass and water in terms of descending order of refractive index.(A:
glass(1.5)>water(1.33)>air(1.0003)

33. The refractive index of diamond is 2.42 and that of glass is 1.52. How much faster does
light travel in glass than in diamond? (1.59 times)

34. The absolute refractive indices of glass and water are 4/3 and 3/2 respectively. If the
speed of light in glass is 2 x 108 m/s, calculate the speed of light (i) vacuum (ii) water(A: 2.67
x 108m/.s; 1.78 x 108m/s)

35.(i) What happens to a light ray when it travels from one medium to another having equal
refractive indices? (ii) What is the cause of refraction of light.

36.(i) In refraction of light through a rectangular glass slab, the emergent ray is parallel to
the direction of the incident ray. Why? (ii) What happens when a light ray is incident
normally on one of the faces of a rectangular glass slab?
37.(i) The refractive index of kerosene is 1.44. What is meant by this statement? (ii) A ray
of light strikes a glass slab at an angle of incidence equal to 30o. Find the refractive index of
glass such that the angle of refraction is 19.5o?(take sin19.5o =1/3, sin30o = ½). (A: 1.5)

38. (i) Draw a ray diagram to show the refraction of light through a glass slab and mark an
angle of refraction and the lateral shift suffered by the light ray while passing through the
slab. (ii) If the refractive index of glass for light going from air to glass is 3/2, find the
refractive index of air for light going from glass to air. (A: 2/3).

39. Why does the ray of light while passing through a prism, bend towards its base? (A:
refraction twice, change of speed of light)

40. A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on the walls of school laboratory
by using a lens: (i) Which type of lens should he use and why? (ii) At what distance in terms
of focal length F of the lens should he place the candle flame so as to get: (a) a magnified
image (b) a diminished image respectively on the wall (iii) Draw a ray diagram to show the
formation of the image in each case.

41. When a ray of light passes through a glass slab how many times does it change its path
and why?

42. A concave mirror produces three times magnified image on the screen. If the object is
placed 20cm in front of the mirror, how far is the screen from the object? (A: -40cm)

43. (a) Draw a ray diagram to explain the term angle of deviation. (b) Why do the component
colours of incident white light split into a spectrum while passing through a glass prism,
Explain.(c) Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the formation of a rainbow. (A: (b) due to
refraction or speed of different coloured light waves is different when it passes through the
prism)

44. Find the refractive index of a material if angle of incidence of ray of light is 45o and the
angle of refraction in the material is 30o. (A: 1.44)

45. The velocity of light in air is 3 x 108m/s. Calculate the velocity of light in glass if the
refractive index of glass is 1.5. (A: 2 x 108m/s)

46. The velocity of light in air is 3 x 108m/s and the velocity of light in water is 2.26 x
108m/s. Find the refractive index of water.(A:1.33)

47. The refractive index of water with respect to air is 4/3.Find the refractive index of air with
respect to water. (A: ¾)

48. Where does a piece of paper to be placed on the principal axis of a convex lens so that
the paper burns when the lens is held against the sun? (A: At F)

49. An object which is placed10cm in front of a lens produces a real image three times
magnified. Where is the image formed? What is the focal length of the lens? (A: 30cm,
7.5cm)
50. A needle 4cm high is placed in front of a lens. Image of the needle is real, inverted and
6c high, when the distance between the needle and its image is 20cm. Find the focal length of
the lens and also write the type of this lens? (A: 24cm, convex lens)

51. Two lenses of power -2.5D and +1.5D are placed in contact. Find the total power of the
combination of lens. Calculate the focal length of this combination. (A: -1D, -100cm)

52. What is meant by power of a lens? What does its sign(+ve or –ve) indicate? State its SI
unit. How is this unit related to focal length of a lens?

53. A student cannot see clearly a chart hanging on a wall placed at a distance of 3m from his
eyes. Name the defect of vision he is suffering from? Draw a ray diagram to illustrate this
defect. List its two possible causes. (A: Myopia)

54. List three factors on which the angle of deviation through a prism depend.

55.(a) A student suffering from Myopia is not able to see distinctly the objects placed
beyond 5m. List two possible reasons due to which this defect of vision may have arisen?
With the help of the ray diagram, explain: (i) why the student is unable to see distinctly the
objects placed beyond 5m from his eye? (ii) the type of corrective lens used to restore proper
vision and how this defect is corrected by the use of this lens. (b) If in this case, the
numerical value of the focal length of the corrective lens is 5m, find the power of the lens as
per the new Cartesian sign convention.(A: -0.2D, concave lens)

55. A ray of light enters a diamond from air. If the refractive index of diamond is 2,42, by
what per cent does the speed of light in air reduce on entering the diamond? (A: 59%)

56. When and where do we see a rainbow? How is a rainbow formed? Draw a labelled
diagram to illustrate the formation of a rainbow.

57. Explain giving reason why the sky appears blue to an observer from the surface of the
earth? What will be the colour of the sky for an astronaut staying in the international space
station orbiting the earth? Justify your answer giving reasons.

58. With the help of a labelled diagram, explain why the sun appears reddish at sunrise and
sunset.

59. What is meant by scattering of light? Use this phenomenon to explain why the clear sky
appears blue or the sun appears reddish at sunrise?