DDL : DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGES

1(a)

SQL> select * from Client;

CNO CNAME CGENDER CDOB CADDRESS

----- --------------- ---------- --------- ---------------
C01 Ajay Male 04-APR-02 Chennai
C02 Bharath Male 19-MAR-03 Karur
C03 Chandru Male 26-FEB-02 Salem
C04 Divya Female 17-AUG-03 Tanjore
C05 Elango Male 04-MAY-02 Madurai
C07 Gayathri Female 19-JAN-02 Coimbatore
C08 Helen Female 03-JUL-01 Vellore
C09 Ibrahim Male 12-SEP-02 Trichy
C10 Jasith Male 24-DEC-01 Tirunelveli
C11 Kemilas Male 07-JUN-01 Kumbakonam

10 rows selected.

=================================================================================
1(b)

SQL> select * from CAccount;

ANO BNAME ABALANCE

--------------- -------------------- -------------------------
112200001 Jamal 2,50,000
112200002 Abishekpuram 3,50,000
112200003 Subramaniyapuram 1,00,000
112200004 Manarpuram 1,50,000
112200005 KKNagar 4,50,000
112200006 Tolgate 2,00,000
112200007 Srirangam 8,00,000
112200008 Ponmalai 4,50,000
112200009 Ranjithapuram 7,00,000
112200010 Kajamalai 5,50,000

10 rows selected.

=================================================================================
1(c)

SQL> select * from CLoan;

LOANNO BNAME AMOUNT

--------------- ------------------------------ --------------------
280001 Rockfort 15,000
280002 Singarathope 25,000
280003 ponmalaipatti 28,000
280004 Airport 45,000
280005 Jamal 19,000
280006 Mathur 62,000
280007 Manarpuram 33,000
280008 Santhaneerpuram 72,000
280009 KKNagar 29,000
280010 Tolgate 83,000
10 rows selected.

==================================================================================
1(d)

SQL> select * from CBranch;

BNAME BCITY ASSETS

--------------- --------------- ---------------
Tittakudi Viruthachalam House
Kottucheri Karaikal Jewel
Jamal Trichy Land
Boder Perambalur Car
KKNagar Trichy House
NehruNagar Karaikal Land
TRPattinam Kumbakonam Jewel
Manarpuram Trichy Car
Tholshop Tanjore Land
Airport Trichy House

10 rows selected.

==================================================================================
1(e)

SQL> select * from CDeposit;

CNAME ANO
-------------------- ---------------
Lasar 112200011
Raj 112200012
Syed 112200013
Divya 112200003
Jasith 112200007
Jerom 112200014
Elango 112200010
Kamal 112200015
Bharath 11220008
Ahamed 112200016

10 rows selected.

==================================================================================
1(f)

SQL> select * from CBorrow;

CNAME LOANNO
---------- ----------
Sanjay 280011
Syed 280001
Harish 280012
Jasith 280003
Bayas 280013
Bharath 280005
Tharun 280014
Elango 280007
Riyaz 280015
Divya 280009
10 rows selected.

===================================================================================
==
1(g)

SQL> create table CSupplier(S_No varchar(5), P_No varchar(5), Color varchar(10),

2 Quantity number(5), primary key(S_No, P_No));

Table created.

SQL> insert into CSupplier values('&s', '&p', '&c', '&q');

Enter value for s: S1
Enter value for p: P1
Enter value for c: Red
Enter value for q: 100
old 1: insert into CSupplier values('&s', '&p', '&c', '&q')
new 1: insert into CSupplier values('S1', 'P1', 'Red', '100')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for s: S1
Enter value for p: P2
Enter value for c: Blue
Enter value for q: 100
old 1: insert into CSupplier values('&s', '&p', '&c', '&q')
new 1: insert into CSupplier values('S1', 'P2', 'Blue', '100')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for s: S2
Enter value for p: P1
Enter value for c: Purple
Enter value for q: 150
old 1: insert into CSupplier values('&s', '&p', '&c', '&q')
new 1: insert into CSupplier values('S2', 'P1', 'Purple', '150')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for s: S2
Enter value for p: P3
Enter value for c: Green
Enter value for q: 130
old 1: insert into CSupplier values('&s', '&p', '&c', '&q')
new 1: insert into CSupplier values('S2', 'P3', 'Green', '130')

1 row created.

SQL> desc CSupplier;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
S_NO NOT NULL VARCHAR2(5)
P_NO NOT NULL VARCHAR2(5)
COLOR VARCHAR2(10)
QUANTITY NUMBER(5)
SQL> select * from CSupplier;

S_NO P_NO COLOR QUANTITY

----- ----- ---------- ----------
S1 P1 Red 100
S1 P2 Blue 100
S2 P1 Purple 150
S2 P3 Green 130

SQL> insert into CSupplier values('S1', 'P1', 'Orange', '240');

insert into CSupplier values('S1', 'P1', 'Orange', '240')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (MCA03.SYS_C0012360) violated

===================================================================================
2) UNIQUE:

SQL> create table MCAStudent(SID_No number(5) primary key, S_Name varchar(10),

2* S_DOB date, S_Mobile int unique);

Table created.

SQL> desc MCAStudent;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
SID_NO NOT NULL NUMBER(5)
S_NAME VARCHAR2(10)
S_DOB DATE
S_MOBILE NUMBER(38)

SQL> insert into MCAStudent values('&i', '&n', '&d', '&m');

Enter value for i: 1501
Enter value for n: Abdullah
Enter value for d: 14-March-2002
Enter value for m: 9944645821
old 1: insert into MCAStudent values('&i', '&n', '&d', '&m')
new 1: insert into MCAStudent values('1501', 'Abdullah', '14-March-2002',
'9944645821')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for i: 1502
Enter value for n: Abdur
Enter value for d: 25-April-2003
Enter value for m: 7707134512
old 1: insert into MCAStudent values('&i', '&n', '&d', '&m')
new 1: insert into MCAStudent values('1502', 'Abdur', '25-April-2003',
'7707134512')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for i: 1503
Enter value for n: Fahad
Enter value for d: 10-October-2002
Enter value for m: 8428514655
old 1: insert into MCAStudent values('&i', '&n', '&d', '&m')
new 1: insert into MCAStudent values('1503', 'Fahad', '10-October-2002',
'8428514655')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for i: 1504
Enter value for n: Anuraj
Enter value for d: 12-December-2002
Enter value for m: 9035780037
old 1: insert into MCAStudent values('&i', '&n', '&d', '&m')
new 1: insert into MCAStudent values('1504', 'Anuraj', '12-December-2002',
'9035780037')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for i: 1505
Enter value for n: Dinesh
Enter value for d: 12-September-2002
Enter value for m: 8428514655
old 1: insert into MCAStudent values('&i', '&n', '&d', '&m')
new 1: insert into MCAStudent values('1505', 'Dinesh', '12-September-2002',
'8428514655')
insert into MCAStudent values('1505', 'Dinesh', '12-September-2002', '8428514655')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (MCA03.SYS_C0012199) violated

SQL> /
Enter value for i: 1505
Enter value for n: Dinesh
Enter value for d: 12-September-2002
Enter value for m: 7010300245
old 1: insert into MCAStudent values('&i', '&n', '&d', '&m')
new 1: insert into MCAStudent values('1505', 'Dinesh', '12-September-2002',
'7010300245')

1 row created.

SQL> select * from MCAStudent;

SID_NO S_NAME S_DOB S_MOBILE

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
1501 Abdullah 14-MAR-02 9944645821
1502 Abdur 25-APR-03 7707134512
1503 Fahad 10-OCT-02 8428514655
1504 Anuraj 12-DEC-02 9035780037
1505 Dinesh 12-SEP-02 7010300245

===================================================================================
=======
2) CHECK:

SQL> create table SLicence(S_Name varchar(10), S_age number(2), check(S_age>18));

Table created.

SQL> insert into SLicence values('&n', '&a');

Enter value for n: Abdullah
Enter value for a: 20
old 1: insert into SLicence values('&n', '&a')
new 1: insert into SLicence values('Abdullah', '20')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for n: Abdur
Enter value for a: 21
old 1: insert into SLicence values('&n', '&a')
new 1: insert into SLicence values('Abdur', '21')

1 row created.

SQL> /.
Enter value for n: Fahad
Enter value for a: 21
old 1: insert into SLicence values('&n', '&a')
new 1: insert into SLicence values('Fahad', '21')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for n: Anuraj
Enter value for a: 20
old 1: insert into SLicence values('&n', '&a')
new 1: insert into SLicence values('Anuraj', '20')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for n: Dinesh
Enter value for a: 18
old 1: insert into SLicence values('&n', '&a')
new 1: insert into SLicence values('Dinesh', '18')
insert into SLicence values('Dinesh', '18')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (MCA03.SYS_C0012214) violated

SQL> /
Enter value for n: Dinesh
Enter value for a: 20
old 1: insert into SLicence values('&n', '&a')
new 1: insert into SLicence values('Dinesh', '20')

1 row created.

SQL> select * from SLicence;

S_NAME S_AGE
---------- ----------
Abdullah 20
Abdur 21
Fahad 21
Anuraj 20
Dinesh 20

===================================================================================
=======

3) Foreign Key:(a)

SQL> create table FLoan(L_No varchar(10) primary key, B_Name varchar(15), Balance
varchar(10));

Table created.

SQL> insert into FLoan values('&l', '&n', '&b');

Enter value for l: 38001
Enter value for n: Jamal
Enter value for b: 500000
old 1: insert into FLoan values('&l', '&n', '&b')
new 1: insert into FLoan values('38001', 'Jamal', '500000')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for l: 38002
Enter value for n: kkNagar
Enter value for b: 300000
old 1: insert into FLoan values('&l', '&n', '&b')
new 1: insert into FLoan values('38002', 'kkNagar', '300000')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for l: 38003
Enter value for n: Ranjithapuram
Enter value for b: 150000
old 1: insert into FLoan values('&l', '&n', '&b')
new 1: insert into FLoan values('38003', 'Ranjithapuram', '150000')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for l: 38004
Enter value for n: Tolgate
Enter value for b: 200000
old 1: insert into FLoan values('&l', '&n', '&b')
new 1: insert into FLoan values('38004', 'Tolgate', '200000')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for l: 38005
Enter value for n: Mathur
Enter value for b: 100000
old 1: insert into FLoan values('&l', '&n', '&b')
new 1: insert into FLoan values('38005', 'Mathur', '100000')
1 row created.

SQL> select * from FLoan;

L_NO B_NAME BALANCE

---------- --------------- ----------
38001 Jamal 500000
38002 kkNagar 300000
38003 Ranjithapuram 150000
38004 Tolgate 200000
38005 Mathur 100000

===================================================================================
===

(b)

SQL> create table FBorrow(C_Name varchar(10), L_No varchar(10), foreign key(L_No)

2 references FLoan(L_No) on delete cascade);

Table created.

SQL> insert into FBorrow values('&c', '&l');

Enter value for c: Fahad
Enter value for l: 38001
old 1: insert into FBorrow values('&c', '&l')
new 1: insert into FBorrow values('Fahad', '38001')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for c: Hakim
Enter value for l: 38002
old 1: insert into FBorrow values('&c', '&l')
new 1: insert into FBorrow values('Hakim', '38002')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for c: Anuraj
Enter value for l: 38006
old 1: insert into FBorrow values('&c', '&l')
new 1: insert into FBorrow values('Anuraj', '38006')
insert into FBorrow values('Anuraj', '38006')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02291: integrity constraint (MCA03.SYS_C0012401) violated - parent key not
found

SQL> select * from FBorrow;

C_NAME L_NO
---------- ----------
Fahad 38001
Hakim 38002

SQL> insert into FBorrow values('Santhosh', '38003');

1 row created.

SQL> select * from FBorrow;

C_NAME L_NO
---------- ----------
Fahad 38001
Hakim 38002
Santhosh 38003

SQL> delete from FBorrow where L_No = '38003';

1 row deleted.

SQL> select * from FBorrow;

C_NAME L_NO
---------- ----------
Fahad 38001
Hakim 38002

===================================================================================
===

4) ALTER:

SQL> create table Staff(S_Name varchar(10), Age number(3));

Table created.

SQL> insert into Staff values('&n', '&a');

Enter value for n: Sheik
Enter value for a: 38
old 1: insert into Staff values('&n', '&a')
new 1: insert into Staff values('Sheik', '38')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for n: Basha
Enter value for a: 42
old 1: insert into Staff values('&n', '&a')
new 1: insert into Staff values('Basha', '42')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for n: Kamal
Enter value for a: 48
old 1: insert into Staff values('&n', '&a')
new 1: insert into Staff values('Kamal', '48')

1 row created.

SQL> select * from Staff;

S_NAME AGE
---------- ----------
Sheik 38
Basha 42
Kamal 48

SQL> desc Staff;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
S_NAME VARCHAR2(10)
AGE NUMBER(3)

===================================================================================

a) ADD NEW COLUMN:

SQL> alter table Staff add Gender varchar(8);

Table altered.

SQL> desc Staff;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
S_NAME VARCHAR2(10)
AGE NUMBER(3)
GENDER VARCHAR2(8)

===================================================================================
====

b) ADD CONSTRAINTS:

SQL> alter table Staff add constraint pk_Staff primary key(Age);

Table altered.

SQL> desc Staff;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
S_NAME VARCHAR2(10)
AGE NOT NULL NUMBER(3)
GENDER VARCHAR2(8)

==================================================================================

c) MODIFY THE SIZE:

SQL> alter table Staff modify Age number(5);

Table altered.

SQL> desc Staff;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
S_NAME VARCHAR2(10)
AGE NOT NULL NUMBER(5)
GENDER VARCHAR2(8)

===================================================================================
==
d) ADD ANOTHER NEW COLUMN:

SQL> alter table Staff add S_ID number(10);

Table altered.

SQL> desc Staff;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
S_NAME VARCHAR2(10)
AGE NOT NULL NUMBER(5)
GENDER VARCHAR2(8)
S_ID NUMBER(10)

===================================================================================
====

e) MODIFY THE DATA TYPE:

SQL> alter table Staff modify S_ID varchar(10);

Table altered.

SQL> desc Staff;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
S_NAME VARCHAR2(10)
AGE NOT NULL NUMBER(5)
GENDER VARCHAR2(8)
S_ID VARCHAR2(10)

===================================================================================
=====

f) RENAME THE COLUMN NAME:

SQL> alter table Staff rename column Age to S_Age;

Table altered.

SQL> desc Staff;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
S_NAME VARCHAR2(10)
S_AGE NOT NULL NUMBER(5)
GENDER VARCHAR2(8)
S_ID VARCHAR2(10)

===================================================================================
=======

g) DROP THE COLUMN:

SQL> alter table Staff drop column S_ID;

Table altered.

SQL> desc Staff;

Name Null? Type
 ------------------------------- -------- ----
S_NAME VARCHAR2(10)
S_AGE NOT NULL NUMBER(5)
GENDER VARCHAR2(8)

===================================================================================
=======

h) RENAME THE TABLE NAME:

SQL> alter table Staff rename to StaffD;

Table altered.

SQL> desc Staff;

ERROR:
ORA-04043: object Staff does not exist

SQL> desc StaffD;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
S_NAME VARCHAR2(10)
S_AGE NOT NULL NUMBER(5)
GENDER VARCHAR2(8)

===================================================================================
==========

SQL> select Balance+500 from FLoan;

BALANCE+500
-----------
500500
300500
150500
200500
100500