PHYSICS TOPICAL TEST – SEC3E

Impulse and Momentum

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Name: ______________________________________ Date: _______________________

Class: ______________________________________ Time: 45 minutes

Section A. Multiple Choice Questions [10 marks]

Answer the following questions. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 An object of mass 1.2 kg is moving with a velocity of 2.0 m/s when it is acted on by a force of
4.0 N. The velocity of the object increases to 5.0 m/s.

For what period of time does the force act on the object?

A 0.90 s B 1.1 s C 1.5 s D 3.6 s

2 An object is moving at +3.0 m/s. A force acts on the object. After a time, the object is moving at
-4.0 m/s. The mass of the object is 5.0 kg. What is the change in momentum of the body?

A -35 kg m/s B -5.0 kg m/s C +5.0 kg m/s D +35 kg m/s

3 A constant force acts on a body causing the momentum of the body to increase. Which
expression relates the force to the momentum and the time taken?

change in momentum momentum

A force = time taken
B force = time taken

C force=change in momentum x time taken D force=momentum x time taken

4 A ball of mass 0.50 kg falls and hits the floor at 10 m/s. It rebounds at speed 8.0 m/s, as
shown.

The collision between the ball and the floor lasts for 0.50 s. What is the average force acting
on the ball during the collision?

A 2.0 N upwards B 2.0 N downwards

C 18 N upwards D 18 N downwards

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5 Two objects X and Y move directly towards each other. The objects have the same mass.
Object X has a velocity of 5.0 m/s to the right. Object Y has a velocity of 3.0 m/s to the left.

Object X and object Y collide and stick together. What is their velocity after colliding?

A 1.0 m/s to the left B 1.0 m/s to the right

C 4.0 m/s to the left D 4.0 m/s to the right

6 A ball is at rest on the ground. A boy kicks the ball. The boy’s boot is in contact with the ball for
0.040 s. The average force on the ball is 200 N. The ball leaves the boy’s boot with a speed of
20 m/s. Which row gives the impulse of the boot on the ball and the average acceleration of
the ball?

impulse in the ball average acceleration of ball

Ns m/s 2
A 8 0.8
B 8 500
C 5000 0.8
D 5000 500

7 A ball of mass 0.16 kg is moving forwards at a speed of 0.50 m/s. A second ball of mass 0.10
kg is stationary. The first ball strikes the second ball. The second ball moves forwards at a
speed of 0.50 m/s. What is the speed of the first ball after the collision?

A 0.0 m/s B 0.19 m/s C 0.31 m/s D 0.50 m/s

8 A moving ball with a momentum of 25 kg m/s collides head-on with a wall.

It rebounds from the wall with the same speed but in the opposite direction. The time of
collision is 50 ms. What is the average force exerted on the wall by the ball during the
collision?

A 0.50 N B 1.00 N C 500 N D 1000 N

9 A moving body undergoes a change of momentum. What is the unit for change of momentum?

A Nm B N/m C Ns D N/s

10 A bullet of mass 0.10 kg travels horizontally at a speed of 600 m/s. It strikes a stationary
wooded block of mass 1.90 kg resting on a frictionless, horizontal surface. The bullet stays in
the block. What is the speed of the bullet and the block immediately after the impact?

A 30 m/s B 32 m/s C 60 m/s D 134 m/s

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Section B. Structured Questions [20 marks]
Answer the following questions on the spaces provided.

1 Fig 1.1 shows an athlete crossing the finishing line in a race. As she crosses the finishing line,
her speed is 10.0 m/s. She slows down to a speed of 4.0 m/s.

Fig 1.1

(a) The mass of the athlete is 71 kg. Calculate the impulse applied to her as she slows
down.

Impulse = ……………………………………………. [3]

(b) (i) Define impulse in terms of force and time.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………….… [1]

(ii) The athlete takes 1.2s to slow down from a speed of 10.0 m/s to a speed of 4.0 m/s.
Calculate the average resultant force applied to the athlete as she slows down.

force = …………………………………………… [2]

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(c) Calculate the force required to give a mass of 71 kg an acceleration of 6.4 m/s2.

force = …………………………………………… [2]

[Total : 8]

2 (a) Explain why momentum is a vector quantity.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….… [1]

(b) The crumple zone at the front of a car is designed to collapse during a collision.

Fig. 2.1

In a laboratory test, a car of mass 1200 kg is driven into a concrete wall, as shown in Fig.
2.1. A video recording of the test shows that the car is brought to rest in 0.36s when it
collides with the wall. The speed of the car before the collision is 7.5 m/s.

Calculate

(i) the change of momentum of the car,

change of momentum = …………………………………………….. [2]

(ii) the average force acting on the car.

average force = …………………………………………….. [2]

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(c) A different car has a mass of 1500 kg. It collides with the same wall and all of the energy
transferred during the collision is absorbed by the crumple zone.

(i) The energy absorbed by the crumple zone is 4.3 x 105 J. Show that the speed of the car
before the collision is 24 m/s.

[2]

(ii) Suggest what would happen to the car if it is travelling faster than 24 m/s when it hots the
wall.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………….… [1]
[Total :8]

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a model fire engine. Its brakes are applied.

Fig. 3.1

0.80 kg of water is emitted in the jet every 6.0 s at a velocity of 0.72 m/s relative to the model.

(a) Calculate the change in momentum of the water that is ejected in 6.0 s.

momentum = ………………………………………. [2]

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(b) Calculate the magnitude of the force acting on the model because of the jet of water.

force = ………………………………….. [2]

END OF PAPER