CERTIFICATE IN INVESTIGATION SERVICES CSI212/OCT2023/CSI 2413

ASSIGNMENT & PRESENTATION

Submission instructions
 Cover sheet to be attached to the front of the lab report.
 Question paper to be attached to the lab report.
 All pages to be numbered sequentially.

Module Code CSI 2413

Module Title CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION AND MANAGEMENT

Module Leader SITI NOR FATIHIN BINTI MOHAMED ZAWAWI

Assignment Title ASSIGNMENT 2 (GROUP)

Weighting 20%

Handout date

Submission date 11.09.2023

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GROUP ASSIGNMENT COVERSHEET

Programme CERTIFICATE IN INVESTIGATION SERVICES

Module Code & Title CSI 2413 CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION AND
MANAGEMENT
Assessment (%) 20%

Module Leader SITI NOR FATIHIN BINTI MOHAMED ZAWAWI

Submission Date 11.09.2023

NO MATRIX STUDENT NAME FIRST SECOND AGREED

NUMBER MARKER MARKER MARKS :
1 CSI NUR AYUNI SYAZWANI BINTI ISMAIL
22060442
2 CSI NIK NOOR AISYAH BINTI MOHD AZMAN
22060388
3 CSI JASNITHA A/P ARAVINDRAN
22060800
4 CSI VIDHYA A/P KANAN
22060793

Plagiarism Results : ( Attached )

Submission of this assignment agrees to the Late Submission :-

following: We will apply a penalty to work that is submitted late and
I understand that the piece of work submitted will be within three working days (by 12pm) of the published
considered as the final and complete version of my submission deadline. The mark for your work will be capped
assignment. I understand both the meaning and consequences at 50%.This means that whatever mark you actually achieve,
of plagiarism and that my work has been appropriately you will only be awarded a maximum mark of 50%.The best
attributed. I have not knowingly allowed another to copy my way to avoid any penalty is to get your work in on time.
work.

Comments:

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SIGNATURE OF FIRST MARKER : SIGNATURE OF SECOND MARKER :

Name : SITI NOR FATIHIN BINTI MOHAMED ZAWAWI Name : KAVILASHINI

Date :11.09.2023 Date :

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CERTIFICATE IN INVESTIGATION SERVICES CSI212/OCT2023/CSI 2413

GROUP ASSIGNMENT DECLARATION

We declare that this assignment is an original work submitted by the following group members who
have all actively made a contribution. We certified no parts of this assignment have been copied
from other student’s work. Any other work of a similar nature has been appropriately referenced in
this assignment.

NO MATRIX NUMBER STUDENT NAME COMMENT/REMARK SIGNATURE

BY LEADER

1 CSI 22060442 NUR AYUNI SYAZWANI BINTI ISMAIL

2 CSI 22060388 NIK NOOR AISYAH BINTI MOHD AZMAN

3 CSI 22060800 JASNITHA A/P ARAVINDRAN

4 CSI 22060793 VIDHYA A/P KANAN

I hereby certify that the above information is true and complete.

Group Leader’s Name :
Group Leader’s Signature :
Date :

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CERTIFICATE IN INVESTIGATION SERVICES CSI212/OCT2023/CSI 2413

TABLE OF CONTENT

COVERSHEET...........................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................7
THE DEFINITION OF CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION.........................................7
EXPLAIN 3 IMPORTANCE OF CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION.........................8
A. IDENTIFYING AND PRESERVING EVIDENCE...............................................8
B. TESTIFYING IN COURT......................................................................................8
C.ESTABLISHING EVIDENCE................................................................................8
CONTENT...........................................................................................................................9
THE TYPES OF CRIME SCENES.................................................................................9
EXPLAIN THE CRIME SCENE PROCESSES IN DETAIL......................................10
1.Securing the Scene..................................................................................................10
2.Examine the Scene (Scene Walk-Through and Documentation)...........................10
3.Evidence Tagging and Collection...........................................................................11
4.Scene Sketch...........................................................................................................11
5.Evidence Storage and Testing................................................................................11
6.Final walk-through and release of crime scene......................................................11
DESCRIBE THE ROLE OF POLICE OFFICERS IN CRIME SCENE
INVESTIGATION........................................................................................................13
EXAMPLE OF CASE STUDY SOLVED USING FORENSIC / CRIME SCENE
KNOWLEDGE..............................................................................................................14
 BRIEF SYNOPSIS.............................................................................................14
 EVIDENCE FOUND..........................................................................................15
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................16
REFERENCE....................................................................................................................17

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INTRODUCTION
THE DEFINITION OF CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
Crime scene investigation is the term applied to the series of steps taken to investigate a
crime scene (CSI) in the methodological and scientific process of collecting, preserving,
analyzing and interpreting the physical evidence found. Although methods and
techniques may differ between the experts involved, reconstructing the events that
occurred during the commission of a crime is the primary goal of crime scene
investigation. Another main goal is to find and record important evidence that can help
identify and bring offenders to justice.

CSI integrates several academic fields, including forensic science, forensic photography,
DNA profiling, ballistics and other specialized fields. Evidence at a crime scene is
carefully recorded and analyzed by trained experts, including law enforcement officers,
forensic scientists, crime scene investigators, and sometimes the medical examiner or
coroner.

Therefore, Pathologists are instructed by the on-site coroner or medical examiner

regarding the physical evidence that needs to be collected from the body to ascertain the
manner and cause of the victim's death. The coroner or medical examiner serves as the
investigator's point of contact and acts as a conduit for information between pathologists,
crime scene technicians and the victim's family. Pathologists take physical samples from
the body, including hair, body fluids, chemical or metal waste, and scraps of skin under
nails. The DNA content of the organic sample can be compared with other samples
collected or with CODIS. Combined DNA Index System to determine if it is from a
known criminal.

In most cases, a criminal investigation begins where the crime is committed. To stop the
destruction of vital physical evidence that could help police link the perpetrator to the
victim, the area needs to be cordoned off and secured. Each case requires a different
amount of space to be isolated and protected, and various protocols are followed to
protect and secure evidence. Even if it is not close to the crime scene, the suspect's house
or vehicle can be considered a secondary crime scene when the suspect is likely to be
known. Physical evidence found at both locations may help in reconstructing the
sequence of events leading up to the crime.

Finally, the Investigator strives to establish a reliable chain of custody, preserve the
integrity of the evidence and provide important information that can assist in solving the
case and provide justice to the victims and their families by carefully examining the
crime

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scene and the evidence found there. Effective crime scene investigations are essential to
the criminal justice system and have a significant impact on how criminal trials proceed.

EXPLAIN 3 IMPORTANCE OF CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

A. IDENTIFYING AND PRESERVING EVIDENCE

A crime scene is like a puzzle that contains a lot of evidence that can help determine what
happened during the crime and who may be responsible. By preserving and documenting
physical evidence at the crime scene, investigators can reconstruct the sequence of
events, identify potential suspects and link the suspect to the crime. This evidence can
include fingerprints, DNA, fibers, footprints, weapons, and other physical traces left by
the perpetrator. Properly collected and analyzed evidence can be presented in court,
support the prosecution's case and help ensure justice is served. Due to the small size of
the evidence or the fact that it is not immediately related to the crime, their training and
experience allows them to see clues that others may miss. To maintain the integrity of the
evidence, they also preserve it by sealing it in a sterile container or plastic bag.

B. TESTIFYING IN COURT
If a case goes to trial, the value of a special crime investigation cannot be overstated.
According to the Indeed Career Guide, crime scene investigators are occasionally asked
to give expert testimony in court cases that call for an explanation of, for instance,
forensic DNA or blood splatter evidence. They describe the evidence that was uncovered
and what it means in terms of how a crime was committed, how a victim died, or who
was at fault. They explain these facts in such a way that the jury members, who most
likely lack legal or law enforcement expertise, can grasp their importance. Crime scene
investigators are requested by prosecutors to offer testimony that will bolster their case
against the defendant.

C.ESTABLISHING EVIDENCE
Crime scene investigators keep meticulous records of everything they find at a crime
scene, including where they found each item. Additionally, they take pictures of every
element of the crime scene, including the victim's body in cases of violent crimes and the
point of entry in burglary cases. Detectives use these documents and images to piece
together the crime, and prosecutors use them to persuade a jury of the accused's guilt.
These records are also essential in the event that a piece of evidence disappears or is
harmed while being investigated.

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CONTENT

THE TYPES OF CRIME SCENES

According to the evidence found at the scene, the first two factors are stated the main
crime scene which is where the actual crime took place and more usable evidence is
found and known as the main crime scene, for example, scenes of murder, theft, and
assault. The second factor is the Secondary Crime Scene which is a crime scene that is in
some or the other way related to a crime but it is not the place where the actual crime is
committed where it is a secondary crime scene, It is important because it may provide a
strong connection between the suspect and the victim. An example of a situation is a case
of murder where the murder is committed in one place and the body is dumped in a
different location.

Based on the geographical location the scene has three different divisions. The first is
Outdoor crime scene refers to crimes perpetrated in open and large locations such as
fields, parks, roadways, and playgrounds, among others. The outdoor crime scene can
also harm the evidence by creating contamination, evidence loss due to sunshine, extreme
weather, pollution in the form of nature or air, and footprints from the suspect. general
public or tracks from animals, and so on.
Characteristics of outdoor crime scenes, first is that evidence found at an open crime
scene is more vulnerable, it requires a larger investigative team but depending on the size
of the scene, vulnerable to evidence damage by climatic conditions, more eyewitnesses
can be found at open crime scenes which can help solve cases faster. Therefore, it
requires professional handling of evidence and documentation by the first responding
office.

Indoor Crime Scene, Crimes committed in closed and small areas such as rooms, halls,
corridors, kitchens, and apartments, are called internal crime scenes. A crime scene in a
building is less prone to loss or contamination of evidence by any circumstance because it
is in an enclosed area. Therefore, timely sealing of entrance/exit areas such as doors and
windows. Areas like this also help to collect evidence easily. It is in an area that does not
complicate because it is not exposed like an open area and a quick solution to the case
can be done, but every step must also be careful because the space of the area may make
the process of finding evidence difficult.

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Indoor crime scene features require a small team of Forensic investigators/experts
because the area of the interior crime scene is generally small, few or no eyewitnesses
can be found in the interior crime scene because it is closed and protected, circle, circle,
and zone search methods give better results to find evidence at an internal crime scene.

Mobile/ Conveyance Crime Scene, transport is a moving transport. Where it is a type of

crime committed in a vehicle including a vehicle such as a car, train or bus, elevator, or
flight, but it must be in the form of transportation regardless of the vehicle. The physical
evidence obtained from this scene may go beyond transportation. Mobile/ Conveyance
Crime Scene, is where the suspect leaves in a hurry and may also leave additional
evidence carelessly from the suspect. Transport, such as vehicles, can be sent to the
laboratory after the correct documentation has been completed.

EXPLAIN THE CRIME SCENE PROCESSES IN DETAIL

1.Securing the Scene

The main priority of an investigator is to ensure the extent of the crime scene, secure the
perimeter to avoid contamination or removal of evidence. Investigators can block the area
with tape or barriers and only essential personnel and authorized persons enter the
premises. Once the site is secure, interviews with victims, witnesses, and suspects will
provide what to expect once on the scene. The first responding officer will provide
extensive information on what was found upon arrival, as well as what was handled,
moved, or removed.

2.Examine the Scene (Scene Walk-Through and Documentation)

The following step is to "walk through" the scene to get an understanding of the nature of
the crime, how it was perpetrated, and the points of entry and leave. The goal of the walk-
through is to determine what needs to be looked into more and what evidence may be
present.
Once the safest path across the scene has been decided on, it is time to photograph the
picture. Photographs progress from the generic to the specific. A photo of the parking lot
could be the starting point, followed by shots of the exterior walkways heading to the
location. All entry points into the scene must be photographed, with a focus on the
suspected point of entry. The exterior photographs should give a tour of how this scene
was obtained. After the exterior shots are finished, the interior shots begin.
At the same time, investigators conduct an initial walk-through to assess and document
the state of the crime scene as it was discovered. They focus specific attention on any
important factors that may change over time, such as the temperature of the room or any
fluids in the area that have not yet dried.

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3.Evidence Tagging and Collection

After documenting the entire scene, the detectives began looking for specific evidence.
Trace evidence (such as fibers or hair), footprints or tire marks, fingerprints, blood or
other body fluids, and other examples. To avoid contamination, each piece of evidence
will be labeled correctly and collected using the equipment that must be used when
conducting any search such as tweezers, gloves or tongs, and other equipment according
to the type of equipment suitable for the evidence.
the picture should be taken 90o to the surface of the object to be photographed. All
evidence must be photographed in place as found first and then with a marker to assist in
determining the size of the object, such as a ruler, pen, coin, etc. as appropriate. A
photographic log is kept to identify each photograph and sequence that has been taken by
the investigator.

4.Scene Sketch
Each item or evidence material must be located in a geographically defined state,
measured, and sketched in the field drawing. Where a draftsman will make a rough
sketch with the true north indicator and the measurement of evidence by relating to a
point. This sketch shows to be complementary to the photograph taken at the scene.
Sketches are used by law enforcement agencies to assist in the identification and arrest of
suspects involved in criminal activity. In forensic investigations, there are two types of
sketches either drawn by forensic artists (forensic sketches) or created with computer
software (composite sketches) based on verbal descriptions given by witnesses or victims
themselves. Sketches are also posted in public places and the media in the hope that an
audience will provide tips about the suspect's identity.

5.Evidence Storage and Testing

Investigators document, seal and label all evidence to be taken to the forensic laboratory
for analysis of the evidence. It depends on the type of evidence present, some evidence
may be tested on the premises as a screening test and confirmation to experts for a more
thorough examination. Forensic laboratories have various tasks such as conducting
various types of chemical analysis tests, microscopic examination, fingerprint analysis,
DNA testing and matching, toxicology tests, and many more.

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6.Final walk-through and release of crime scene
The team leader, who is also the investigation officer, will conduct a final walk-through
to ensure that no evidence has been missed. When everything is in order, the
investigating officer will declare and officially release the crime scene. Crime
reconstruction is part of a crime scene investigation. Crime reconstruction or crime scene
reconstruction obtains clear knowledge of the series of events surrounding the
commission of a crime using deductive and inductive reasoning, physical evidence,
scientific methods, and the like.
The reconstruction of the crime scene will be a puzzle, the feeling of wanting to know
what has been done and what has happened at the scene of the case according to the
evidence and tests, analysis and so on that have been done by the experts involved
according to logic and related. In forensic science, there are several important areas in
finding answers and determining the components of the crime scene first the
reconstruction of specific events, then the reconstruction of events, and third the
reconstruction of physical evidence.
Reconstruction of special incidents related to traffic accidents, bombings, murders, and
accidents of any severity. Reconstruction of the relationship between the evidence, the
sequence of events, and the identity of those involved. Focusing on items such as
firearms, bloodstains, glass shards, and any other objects that can be stripped for DNA
analysis.

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DESCRIBE THE ROLE OF POLICE OFFICERS IN CRIME SCENE

INVESTIGATION
When a crime is reported, a patrol officer immediately attends to the area and takes care
of any issues, including any injuries. If the suspect is at the crime site, they must be
detained. As police officers come later, witnesses may leave, or evidence may be lost.
Police officers have a crucial role in crime scene investigation. They are responsible for
securing and preserving the crime scene, collecting evidence, and conducting interviews
with witnesses and suspects. Police officers work closely with crime scene investigators,
forensic scientists, and other specialists to gather information and analyze evidence. It
also discusses contemporary trends including regionalization and consolidation of police
services as well as planning for local and federal law enforcement. Their expertise in
police techniques and procedures helps ensure that the crime is investigated thoroughly
and accurately. Additionally, officers also have the authority to make arrests and gather
information, making them an essential part of any crime investigation. However, the
effectiveness of police officers in the investigation ultimately depends on their training,
experience, and ability to handle the situation professionally and objectively.

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EXAMPLE OF CASE STUDY SOLVED USING FORENSIC / CRIME SCENE

KNOWLEDGE
 BRIEF SYNOPSIS
The method of death (homicide or suicide) was determined at the crime site of the death
itself using the physical evidence that was at hand in the present case study report, which
is a unique and unusual case of suspicious death. A woman fled the house after receiving
a call on her cell phone, according to IO. She didn't arrive home until late in the day, so
her husband and kids searched but were unable to find her. A missing person report was
then filed at the neighbourhood police station. The lifeless body of the missing woman
and another man were discovered in a hotel restroom late the same day. The IO contacted
us over the scientific add. The case was resolved at the scene of occurrence (SO) after we
went and provided the IO with guidance based on our findings.

A crime scene is a gold mine of data. To identify the fact at the crime site so that it can be
acknowledged by the court's sentencing authorities, forensic experts should use their
knowledge and expertise9. The current case report contained important details regarding
a suspected death. Our team's observations on the scene are as follows:

1. There was no other key, gate, or window for guests to use to enter or exit
the hotel room, which was locked from the inside. The Sharma room was
reserved in the afternoon, according to the hotel reception, but no orders
for food or tea came from this room.

2. The door was forced open, and as the visitor entered, the floor was
covered in blood splatters and some incomplete barefoot prints. Near the
double bed, on the tea table, were a tool box and leather bag with tools.
There were several blood clots seen on the bag as well. The preliminary
test was performed on each blood spot.

3. Upon entering the hotel room's bathroom, both bodies were found there.
One fired cartridge was discovered in the bathroom's washbasin.

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Who killed someone or whether it was a murder mystery was uncertain on the IO. In
accordance with our four observations, the hotel room's door was closed from the inside;
there was a bloodstain on the person's tool bag; there was one cartridge case in the gun
and one in the sink; and there was naked skin in the room. Male footprints left by Sharma
on the ground. On the basis of these findings, the conundrum was resolved and the
report's details were explained. The male had a sexual encounter with the woman first,
shot her in the bathroom with a CMP, and then returned to the room looking for a second
bullet in his backpack to use in his intended suicide. At the washbasin, the shooter
changed the bullet and fired on his own. The cases were settled on the spot, and all of the
material was sent to a lab for additional, crucial tests that are not covered in this piece.

Evidence has been shown to tell a story and assist an investigator in reconstructing the
crime scene. In establishing the sequence of events at spot 10, particularly those
involving weapons, GSR is the primary piece of evidence. Physical evidences (such as
blood stains, GSR, and struggle marks) that are appropriately analysed and interpreted
will aid the investigating agency in choosing the best course of action. These tangible
proofs are more trustworthy than testimonies 11. We provided the IO with the right
investigational direction based on our on-site observations, blood prelim tests, GSR
pretests, and sequence of events (reconstruction), and cases were decided based on
physical evidence12.

 EVIDENCE FOUND
I. Hotel room forcefully open.
II. Tea table nearby blood detected.
III. Black colored tool bag having blood drop on it.
IV. Bare feet blood smeared impressions observed at the floor of the room.
V. Both the dead body lying in the bathroom
VI. Handmade firearms having a fired bullet in it.

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CONCLUSION
The investigation of a crime scene is a crucial aspect of police work and proper procedure
can ensure a thorough and successful investigation. By following the proper protocols
and techniques to preserve the scene and evidence while also being mindful of victim's
rights and avoiding cross-contamination that could hamper the investigation, police
officers can effectively ensure that the crime scene investigation is efficient, accurate, and
yields positive results in bringing justice to the victims and their families. In the context
of crime scene investigation, technology can be a powerful tool in helping officers
process and collect data more efficiently. The use of specialized equipment, such as
drones, thermal cameras, and fiber-optic kits, can all prove to be invaluable in the
investigation of a crime scene, providing officers with the ability to gather evidence
without disturbing the scene, and potentially leading to a better outcome. Finally, the use
of good communication skills and a professional attitude help to ensure that victims and
their families are respected and kept informed of the progress of the investigation, and
that officers maintain a positive relationship with the community as they work to solve
the crime.

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REFERENCE

BERNAMA. “Crime Scene Investigation | Encyclopedia.com.” Www.encyclopedia.com,

www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/crime-
scene-investigation-0.

BERNAMA. “What Is a Detective’s Role in a Trial?” Work - Chron.com,

work.chron.com/detectives-role-trial-9724.html.

Bernama. (2022, February 26) from Crime Scene: Definition, Types, and Characteristics
https://www.sciencedoze.com/2022/02/crime-scene-definition-types-and.html
Khoo Lay See. (2019, August 23) from Crime Scene Investigation
http://www.myhealth.gov.my/en/crime-scene-investigation/#:~:text=There%20is%20a
%20sequence%20in,and%20release%20of%20crime%20scene.

O W WILSON R C MCLAREN. (1977) POLICE ADMINISTRATION

https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/police-administration-4th-ed

Mukesh Sharma, (January 2020) Murder Mystery Solved with the Help of Forensic
Investigation
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341728196_Murder_Mystery_Solved_with_the
_Help_of_Forensic_Investigation

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ASSIGNMENT 2 RUBRICS
(REPORT AND PRESENTATION)
LECTURER’ SITI NOR FATIHIN MOHAMED
COURSE CODE AND COURSE NAME CSI 2413 CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT S NAME ZAWAWI
AND INVESTIGATION
COURSE
STUDENT’S NAME PROGRAM

Marks (M) Weighted

Marks
Attribute Poor Moderate Satisfactory Good Excellent
Obtained
REPORT (60%)
1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25
There are
Minimal Some ability Able to
many gaps Able to
Content ability to to discuss discuss with
25% in discuss the
Knowledge discuss the the given good
information given task.
given task. task. illustration.
presented.
1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10
The content The content
The content
was was The content The content
was not
minimally generally was relevant was very
Relevance 10% relevant to
relevant to relevant to to the given relevant to
the given
the given the given task the given
task
task task task
1-3 4-6 7-9 10-12 13-15
The report
The report The report is
is The report is
is exceptionally
distractingly The report attractive in
acceptably attractive in
Creativity & messy or is terms of
15% attractive terms of
Attractiveness very poorly acceptably design,
though it design,
designed. It attractive layout, and
may be a bit layout, and
is not neatness.
messy. neatness.
attractive
1 2 3 4 5
Information
Not
Less Slightly and
systematic Appropriate
complete complete examples
organization organized
Organization 5% and and are
and systematicall
systematic systematic organized
incomplete y
organization organization systematicall
y
1 2 3 4 5
Grammar 5% Too many Numerous Several Few No

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Marks (M) Weighted
Attribute Poor Moderate Satisfactory Good Excellent Marks
grammatical Obtained
grammatical grammatical grammatical grammatical
errors n
errors errors errors errors
task
PRESENTATION (40%)
1-3 4-6 7-9 10-12 13-15
Fluency &
15% Worst Bad Neutral Good Fluent
clarity
1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10
Able to
defend Defendable
Defense Unable to Defended Clear and
10% without with some
ability answer but not clear precise
further explanation
explanation.
1 2 3 4 5
Appropriate
Attire 5% Worst attire Bad attire Normal Good attire
attire
1 2 3 4 5
Able to
make
Able to
acceptable Most of the All of the
make
body time student time student
Not able to minimum
language makes body able to use
use body body
(appearanc language excellent
language language
e, eye (appearance body
Non-verbal (appearanc (appearanc
contact and , eye language
communicatio 5% e, eye e, eye
gestures) contact, (appearance
n contact and contact and
may focus gestures and , eye
gestures) gestures)
on only one voice) may contact,
towards the towards the
member of focus on gestures and
audience. audience
the audience. voice) with
but in a
audience or everyone.
short time.
select few
members.
1 2 3 4 5
Student
starts the
Student get
presentation
Student many of the
slightly
Student gets only a things done,
before Student able
gets things few things time is
scheduled. to start and
done on done within appropriatel
Time Time is complete
5% time and the time y used, but
management appropriately presentation
time is not frame and may run
used but within the
appropriate time is not slightly over
may run time frame.
used. appropriatel or under
slightly over
y used. allocated
or under
time.
allocated
time.
OVERALL
ASSESSMEN 100% /100
T

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 School of Investigation and
Kolej Unikop,
Block 3420, Persiaran Sem
63000 Cyberjaya, Selango

Rubric School of IE 19
ver.Mar2020