INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORANGE TECHNOLOGY

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Volume: 5 Issue: 5 | May 2023

Lexical Devices in Children's Poetry

Z. Sh. Ashurova
Senior teacher of the "Uzbek language and literature" department, doctor of philosophy (PhD) in
philological sciences, Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service
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Annotation: The article deals with the work of representatives of modern children's poetry Algor Damin and
Dilshod Rajab, analyzes examples of their poetic works. Considerations are made regarding the study of lexical
means, divided into such parts as synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, paronyms.
Keywords: lexical means, lexical units, text, poetry, language connection, lexical layer, language elements,
synonymic series.

The study of lexical means in modern children's poetry opens up a wide path to the disclosure of relational speech
in lyrical works involved in our subject. Because the field of lexical-semantic meaning plays a unifying role in the
composition of each word, sentence, text, defining and defining the purpose of the creator. The text consists of
letters, words and phrases. In the whole combination of phrases, the poetic laws of lyrical experience are revealed.
It also sets the stage for defining the phenomenon of the creator. By the way, “in the language there are lexical
units that form different paradigms based on different semantic relations. Synonymous, antonymic , graduonymic ,
partonymic , hyponymic attitude mother So linguistically attitude types enters " 1. In particular, the thematic and
semantic aspects, reflected in the spirit of the poem in synonymous lines and antonymic units, not only represent
the feelings of the creative soul, but are also of great importance in the emergence of historical words in a new
interpretation. Linguist L. I. Timofev notes: “ The independent role of the word in poetry is significantly different
compared to other types of speech, the vocabulary of poetry is completely original" 2. Also, melody,
attractiveness, expressiveness, imagery, exclamation are very important for the language of poetry. Because the
poet, exploring nature or the human psyche, first of all logically emphasizes how high the level of reflection is in
lyrical experience, pleasure, consciousness and feeling. It is necessary to clarify the issue of poetic vocabulary that
creates lexical means. After all, poetic vocabulary stabilizes in the harmony of sounds and letters.
For example, “...poetry is first of all harmony. He requires that the words be placed lightly and freely in
accordance with the tone and meter of the verses. Poetic fluency harmonizes the free use of words in everyday
speech, without imposing them in lines. 3. Such features, characteristic of the language of lyrical speech, reveal the
layer of poetic vocabulary and take an active part. Accordingly, in poems created on the basis of lexical means,
one can find active and passive words.
B. Umurkulov, a scientist who has conducted extensive research on the vocabulary of the Uzbek language, notes:
“The importance and relevance of the issue of highlighting poetic words as a lexical layer and its special study is:
a) a number of lexical means used in poetry are rarely used in other genres;
b) poetic words are characterized by increasing artistic expressiveness, solemnity, imagery, and sometimes these
characteristics are not noticeable in other speech;

1
Sayfullaeva R. and others. Current Uzbek literary language _ Education manual . - Tashkent: Science and technologies , 2009. - P.112.
2
Timofev L.I. Basic and theoretical literature. -M., 1971. -S. 268-269.
3
Korolenko V.G. Russian writers about language . L., 1959. S. 316.
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https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJOT e-ISSN: 2615-8140 | p-ISSN: 2615-7071
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 | May 2023

c) poetic words have emotional imagery, poetic elation, and when used in other genres, the emotional imagery of
the word may be weakened or not manifested, as in poetic speech;
d) poetic words have their own lexico-semantic, stylistic features, and these aspects are more revealed in poetic
speech.
Accordingly, the question of the nature of poetic vocabulary, its semantic and stylistic features, its place in the
system of the literary language, and its relationship with other linguistic elements is a general language issue 4.
Consequently, the fact that poetic speech always relies on these classifications has not lost its relevance in our day.
Most of the lexical means - synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, paronyms - are clearly visible in poetic speech.
Especially in children's poetry, things and events, continuous changes in nature, the fate of animals never leave
children indifferent. Therefore, it is necessary to study lexical means in the following form:
1. Synonymous words;
2. Antonyms of words;
3. Homonyms;
4. Paronymic words .
1. The synonymic series lays the foundation for the mutual agreement of feelings and experiences in poetic
speech. Like literary (prose) works, poetic texts are also considered as the main goal of a person and his activity,
conscious life. In the poems of Olgor Damin, synonyms not only bring spiritual pleasure to children, but also
develop their imagination. “Synonyms are one of the important tools that enrich the vocabulary of the language
and provide semantic diversity in speech. Synonyms, like other words in a dictionary, have general and specific
qualities. Because, like other words, a synonym is general in terms of expressing meaning, but the variety of
meanings expressed by words in a synonymic series is its special aspect. This feature creates the basis for the
active use of synonyms in literary texts. Since artistic speech is speech based on figurative expressiveness, the
need naturally arises to express the concept at different levels. This task is performed by synonyms in the speech
process 5. In fact, synonymous lines that give emotionality to a poetic text form the basis for determining the mood
of a lyrical hero:
 Melon, melon, melon,
You are such a honey.
Can't eat a single bite
But you can't say, "I've had enough."
You became a rebel
How did you get there?
 If there is honey, if there is a lot,
If my tongue is deceitful
There is only one secret
Pour into the ear:

4
Umurkulov B. Vocabulary of poetic speech. -T: Publishing house "Fan". 1990. -B.16.
5
Umurkulov B. Linguistic and stylistic foundations of Uzbek artistic prose. Ph.D. (DSK) aut.ref ..-T., 2020. ”-B.23.
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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORANGE TECHNOLOGY
https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJOT e-ISSN: 2615-8140 | p-ISSN: 2615-7071
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 | May 2023

Charming farmer
Maybe that's what happened to me.
His honest work
His sweet work
I'm drunk
He chose you well.
Work hard, son.
An example is Babadehkhan!
Then the harvest will be plentiful,
Many will be like you 6.
In this poem, the melon and its evaluation, analysis, classification and comparisons in children's language are very
beautifully and uniquely explained. Melon is synonymous with words like honey, sugar, honey, juice, sweet,
qiyam. The synonymous series also appeared in such lexemes as a farmer - a grandfather farmer, a charming
breed. New synonyms appear in the process of using words by the creator and using them in a poetic context. On
the basis of the above poetic verses, the fact that the melon is basically sweet, that it is a fruit crop, and that it is
ripe enough to be sweet like honey, and that its taste is so intense that the tongue is torn, has prepared the basis
for the synonyms performed a certain function in their place. Based on the lexeme melon, about ten synonyms
acquired meaning in the structure of the text.
In the poem of the poet O. Damin "Jilga" it is also clear that synonyms serve a certain poetic purpose:
Get rid of it
current flow,
Sweet melodies
Good luck.
i'm crazy too
sing along
Happy glue
Make me happy 7.
In the poems of the poet O. Damin "Jilga" and "Kovunzhon" one of the synonymous units analyzes the subject of
consumption, and the second - the process of poetic thinking created through imagination. That is, in the poem
"Jilga" the key word in the lexemes sweet, happy, happy, cheerful, happy is joy . The soft tone of the song, the
melody, increases the melodiousness based on the verb "zhoshmak" and gives pleasure to the reader. In this sense,
“it is important for the speaker to correctly choose the most appropriate lexemes from the synonymic series in
order to fully present the denotation with all its features and qualities in the mind of the listener, in view of its

6
Olgor Damin. I accept spring. -T: "Uzbekistan", 2010. -B. 44.
7
Reference literature, 2.–B.45.
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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORANGE TECHNOLOGY
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Volume: 5 Issue: 5 | May 2023

pragmatic goal. In any connotative expression, certain denotative-specific symbols are preserved » 8. In the poem
"Jilga" these features are combined with lexemes in a synonymic row. As a result of Jilga - from its flow to its
resonance in the reader, Jilga-like singing creates a unique simile.
In the poem of the talented poet Dilshad Rajab “The Land of Awe”, a synonymous line teaches the reader to love
the Motherland, to protect it, to realize:
then these places
blue fury .
Like you've been beaten
Strong fear , panic .
It's even a big fear
The earth was trembling . _
The mountain crumbled
The stone is a frozen hill .
Fear is still king
He walks and reigns .
Stumbled upon the stones of the stream,
Running and falling 9.
In the poem, a synonymous line: fear, panic, awe , in words - refers to a disaster that has come to people for no
reason. The words "mountain" and "stone" also have an affinity for each other. It is said that, out of fear, the
mountains also moved from their place and turned into petrified hills. The words place, land, land also form a
synonymous series. The poet's attitude to the world and man is revealed in a unique way in the unity of one word
in the poem - fear and joy. The reader will have the opportunity to discover courage, bravery and nobility in this
poem. It is worth noting that “a clear understanding of the meaning of the word when creating images of the
imagination reveals the content of the image, as a result of which the word acquires a special meaning in the
formation of the imagination. Through the nominative function of the word, the creator can awaken the reader's
imagination through words about events in which he did not participate, which he did not observe in real life 10.
By the way, D. Rajab skillfully creates synonyms from proverbs, sayings and expressions in most of his poems.
There is no doubt that he creates in children concepts and ideas that are of great educational value, especially in
his poems, written in the form of advice through proverbs.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Author (s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons
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Volume: 5 Issue: 5 | May 2023

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