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Ele 291 Lab Report Exp7

This document summarizes the procedures and results of open circuit and short circuit tests conducted on a single-phase transformer. The open circuit test was used to determine the core losses of 16W. The short circuit test was used to measure transformer impedance and losses at various current levels, and calculate the equivalent winding resistance of 0.97Ω and leakage reactance of 1.88Ω. Key steps of the tests and relevant equations are provided.

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Hamzah أسَدُ أللَّه
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© © All Rights Reserved
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149 views

Ele 291 Lab Report Exp7

This document summarizes the procedures and results of open circuit and short circuit tests conducted on a single-phase transformer. The open circuit test was used to determine the core losses of 16W. The short circuit test was used to measure transformer impedance and losses at various current levels, and calculate the equivalent winding resistance of 0.97Ω and leakage reactance of 1.88Ω. Key steps of the tests and relevant equations are provided.

Uploaded by

Hamzah أسَدُ أللَّه
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT 7 LAB REPORT

Title performance test of single-phase transformer

OPEN-CIRCUIT TEST

100

Definition:
An open circuit is a circuit that does not allow current to flow. Only a "closed circuit" allows
current to flow in a circuit. An open circuit occurs when there is a break in the circuit
somewhere, and current cannot flow.
The two terminals of an open circuit are disconnected. As a result, the circuit's continuity is
disrupted. While no current can pass across the circuit, there is a voltage drop between the
two sites.

Procedure:
1. Connect the components as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Turn on the power and adjust the autotransformer to apply the rated voltage of the
secondary winding.
3. For the no-load state, write down the readings on the ammeter, voltmeter, and
wattmeter.
4. Turn on the load and gradually increase the secondary current to the specified value.
5. For each phase of the process, record the ammeter, voltmeter, and wattmeter values.
6. Reduce the load before turning the power off.
7. To discover efficiency and regulation, tabulate the readings and do the relevant
calculations using the formula.

Result:
Table 7.1 Data Collected From Open Circuit Test
𝑽𝒐𝒄 (V) 𝑽𝟐 (V) 𝑰𝟏 (A) 𝑷𝒐𝒄 (W)
100 210 0.4 16

Question/Discussion:
1. What is the value of core/iron loss obtained?
- the core losses depend on the transformer rated voltage, and the copper losses
depend on the currents through the transformer primary and secondary windings

𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆 =𝑷𝒐𝒄
= 16w

2. Calculate the parameter of the transformer obtained from this experiment.

3. Draw the equivalent circuit for this case and sketch the pasor diagram for
I 1 , I C ∧I M
Conclusion
The value of full rated current is bigger compare to no load .The copper loss occurs only on
the primary winding of the transformer because the secondary winding is open. The reading
of the wattmeter only represents the core and iron losses. The core loss of the transformer is
the same for all types of loads.
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST

1. Explain short circuit test.

-A short-circuit test for determination of transformer impedance and losses is carried out with relatively low
power and applied to the transformer and with winding currents of the same magnitude as in operation. Its also
to determine the value of Req (equivalent resistance) and Xeq (equivalent reactance) and always conducted at
the rated winding current. It also can be determined by short circuiting the output line at the secondary side of
transformer

2. PROCEDURE

SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST

1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 7.9.

Psc

Figure 7.9 Transformer Set Up For Short Circuit Test

Note: The maximum range: Vsc (15 V), I2 (5 A), I1 (10 A) and Psc (25 A,50 V).

2. Make sure the connection is inspected by the lecturer/instructor before switching on the power.
3. Raise the supply voltage (VSC) gradually until the current I1 is at 50% of the rated current that is 4.58 A.
4. Then increase I1 in steps until it reaches 100% of its rated value. Record all the reading in Table 7.2.

3. RESULTS
Table 7.2 Data Collected from Short Circuit Test

50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%


I1 (A)
2.29 2.75 3.21 3.66 4.12 4.58
I2 (A) 4.90 5.52 6.86 7.69 8.45 9.7
Vsc (A) 10.43 11.45 13.05 14.99 15.68 17.46

Psc(W) 23 31 46 54 64 78
4.QUESTION/DISCUSSION

1. Determine the equivalent winding resistance and leakage reactance (reffered to the low-voltage terminal).
Perform the calculation at rated current.

𝜃𝑠𝑐 = cos−1 𝐼 𝑠𝑐𝑃𝑆𝐶𝑉𝑆𝐶

= cos−1

= 62.59˚

𝑍𝑒𝑞 = 𝐼 𝑠𝑐∠𝑉𝑠𝑐−𝜃𝑠𝑐

= (0.97+1.88 j) Ω

𝑅𝑒𝑞= 0.97Ω j𝑋𝑒𝑞= j

1.88 Ω

2. Draw the equivalent circuit for the rated current


Pre-Lab
1. What is a transformer
=device that transfers electric energy from one alternating-current circuit to one or more
other circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or reducing (stepping down) the voltage
2. Referring to figure 7.8
i. What is the transformer type?
=Step Up
ii. Calculate the turn ratio (k) of the transformer
V 1 110
=0.46
V 2 240
iii. What would be the secondary voltage if the primary winding is applied with 100V.
V1 100
A=0.46 A= 0.46= x=217.39
V2 x
3. Referring to figure 7.9
i. What is the transformer type?
= Step Down
ii. Give a brief explanation what is meant by turn ration (k)
= The ratio of the number of turns in one of two inductively coupled circuits to the
number in the other
iii. What would be the secondary current if the primary windings is supplied with 3A
current.

V 2 240
A= =2.18
V 1 110

A=2.18
i2
A=
i1
i2
2.18=
3
i 2=6.55 A

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