Napoleon Bonaparte Short Personal Background -Born on August 15, 1769, in Ajaccio, on the island of Corsica in the Mediterranean

Sea. -Son of Carlo (an attorney) and Letizia Ramolino Buonaparte. They were considered as member of the Italian nobility but later they became minor French noble. -At the age of 9, Napoleon entered a French military school at Brienne-le-Chateau in 1779 -In 1784, he enrolled at Ecole Miliaire in Paris and graduated in 1785 at the age of 16. -In 1795 he married Josephine de Beauharnais, a fashion icon, but later divorced her and married Archduchess Marie Louise, daughter of Emperor Francis I of Austria, in 1810. They had a son also name Napoleon. Political/Military Career and Titles Second Lieutenant for artillery just after graduating. (1785) First lieutenant (1791) Captain (1792) Corsican National Guard (while joining a radical political society known as the Jacobins in France) (1790s) Brigadier General (After the successful Siege of Toulon) (1793) Major General (After defending the Royal palace which was currently establishing the Directory form of government) First Consul (After winning in Egypt. Through Coup d'Etat of Eighteenth Brumaire) (November 9, 1799) King of Italy (May 26, 1805) Emperor of France (December 2, 1804) Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine. (1806)

Napoleons Conquest Siege of Toulon: During French Royalist revolt against the revolutionary government of Maximilien Robespierre. He helped in driving out the British troop who were giving aide to the rebels in Toulon port. Defended the National Convention at the royal palace (Tuileries) which was on the process of establishing the Directory. War of the First Coalition (Austria and Prussian). He defeated Austria and won a final victory through marching over the Alps and threatening Vienna. France and Austria signed the Treaty of Campo Formio expanding the French territory. Egyptian Campaign. Goal: To destroy British trade with the Middle East. His reforms and contributions. Result: Wins Battle of the Pyramids against Mamelukes in Egypt, but defeated by British Admiral Horatio Nelson in the Battle of Nile. Coup d'Etat of Eighteenth Brumaire. French people replaced the Directory with a three-member Consulate. Napoleon became first consul. Battle of Marengo. He won against the Austrians. In 1801, the Austrians signed the Treaty of Luneville, which reaffirmed the Treaty of Campoformio. British agreed to peace in 1802 in the Treaty of Amiens In 1800, Napoleon forced Spain to cede to France the Louisiana Territory in North America. The army that he sent was destroyed in the French colony of Haiti by a slave revolt and by tropical disease By 1803, France had annexed the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy and Napoleon had become president of the Italian Republic By 1805, Austria, Russia, and Sweden had joined Britain in a new coalition against France. Won at the Battle of Austerlitz. Lose the Battle of Trafalgar.

In 1806, Prussia joined Russia in a new campaign against France. Won the Battle of Jena and the Battle of Auerstadt In June 1807, Napoleon demolished Russian armies at Friedland. Treaty of Tilsit signed between Russia and France. In 1809, he defeated the Austrians again at Wagram, near Vienna. In 1806, he set up the Confederation of the Rhine, made up of a number of western German states In 1807, Napoleon made his brother Jerome, king of Westphalia and added to France the Grand Duchy of Warsaw. In 1809, he gave his sister Elisa, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and annexed to France the Illyrian Provinces. In 1810, he brought his empire to its height by annexing Holland and much of Germany.

Fall of Napoleon Continental SystemIn 1806, Napoleon had issued the Berlin Decree, which barred British ships from ports under French control. In 1807, Napoleon issued the Milan Decree, which was intended to prevent the ships of neutral nations from carrying British goods to continental Europe.

Portugal refuse to follow, thus France forcibly gained control of Portugal and occupied parts of Spain, eventually the Peninsular War (1808) followed. All French forces had been driven from the peninsula on 1814. Czar Alexander I of Russia withdrew from the Continental System. In response Napoleon created an army of 450,000 to cease Russia o Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The Russians retreated, denying Napoleon a decisive battle o Battle of Borodino. No clear winner o Napoleon pushed on to Moscow finding it empty with people and their needed supplies and destroyed by fire. Napoleon waited for an offer of peace by Alexander but nothing came. o The Great Retreat (October 19, 1812). With food supplies dwindling rapidly, bad winter weather, disease and constant Russian harassment destroyed the Grande Arme. The invasion started with 450,000 men; only 6,000 returned home. War of the Sixth Coalition. (Austria, Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Sweden). Napoleon won battles at Lutzen, Bautzen, and Dresden. He was finally defeated at Leipzig in the Battle of Nations. Paris was captured in March 1814 On April 11, 1814, Napoleon abdicated (gave up) the imperial throne, Louis XVIII assumed the throne. Napoleon was exiled from France and made ruler of the tiny island of Elba off the northwest coast of Italy. On February 26, 1815, Napoleon managed to sneak past his guards and somehow escape from Elba, slip past interception by a British ship, and return to France. Napoleon moved back into the Tuileries. The period known as the Hundred Days had begun. He abdicated for the second time and was exiled to Saint Helena. He died on May 5, 1821, of a stomach ulcer that was probably cancerous.