Applied Elasticity
Applied Elasticity
3. Pre-requisites:
Syllabus:
Brief history of theory of elasticity, Mathematical preliminaries: Vector algebra; theory of matrices; vector
calculus; tensor calculus. Measure of deformations: Material (Lagragian) and spatial (Eulerian) descriptions
of deformed configuration; deformation gradient tensor; Green-Lagrange strain tensor; Eulerian strain
tensor; longitudinal strain along any arbitrary direction and shear strain at a material point; strain-
displacement relations. Principal strains and directions of maximum and minimum longitudinal strains at a
point; orthogonality of principal strains. Infinitesimal strain tensor and rotation tensor; infinitesimal strains
in cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems; spherical and deviatoric strain tensors. Polar
decomposition theorem; compatibility equations; principle of material frame indifference. Measure of
internal forces: Surface traction or stress vector; Cauchy stress tensor at a point; Cauchy stress formula
and 3D state of stress; normal and shear stresses at a point on any arbitrary lane. Transformation of stress
tensor; principal stresses and principal planes; maximum and minimum normal stresses; octahedral
normal and shear stresses and maximum shear stress at a point; invariance of principle stresses at a point
with respect to reference coordinate system; orthogonality of principal planes; hydrostatic and deviatoric
stress tensors; first and second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensors. Cauchy stress equilibrium equations;
thermodynamics and existence of strain energy density function; constitutive relations from strain energy
density function; derivation of Generalized Hooke’s Law; 15 equations of linear theory of elasticity;
Uniqueness theorem. Material symmetry: Principal material coordinate system; derivation of elastic
coefficient tensors for monoclinic materials; orthotropic materials, transversely isotropic and isotropic
materials. Navier Equations; Beltrami-Michell equations; Clapeyron’s theorem; Betti’s reciprocity relations.
Potential problems (only definitions of the problems) in elasticity: Helmholtz’s representation theorem,
displacement potential, Galerkin vector, Papkovitch-Neuber representation, Kelvin problems and
Boussinesq and Cerruti’s problems. Variational principles: Brief introduction to calculus of variation; virtual
work principle; principle of minimum potential energy; Hamilton’s principle; Reissner variational principle.
Coupled elasticity: Thermoelastic and electro-elastic constitutive relations. Introduction to strain gradient
elasticity