Chapter 5.

TORSION

I. INTRODUCTION

Study stress and strain in

CIRCULAR RODS:
 AXLES

 PROPELLER SHAFTS

 TORSION PENDULUM

 FIBERS IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS

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 II. TORSIONAL SHEARING STRAIN AND STRESS

  - ANGLE OF TWIST

II. TORSIONAL SHEARING STRAIN AND STRESS

 Shear strain

 For a uniform rod

where
Between ends

 then
– Radius

 Shear stress
G- Shear modulus
Then
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 III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN  and T

Radius
Thickness

Area

 Shear stress on the area

produces a shear force

 And moment

III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN  and T

But Then

Summing over all area gives

or

or Polar moment of inertia

Then

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 III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN  and T

 Polar moment of inertia for circular rod

Maximum shear stress on surface of the rod

III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN  and T

 EX 5.1
Find L when:
max = 10,500 psi
 = 3o
G = 11.5 x 106 psi

L = 3.58”

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 III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN  and T

 Ex 5.2

B C
A

Steel has G = 80 GPa

Calculate max in the shaft, and  the angle of twist

III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN  and T

Solution
By considering a FBD of each section of the shaft and equilibrium at each
join, we have
For C: M = 0  T1 = 800 Nm
For B: M = 0  T2 = 2800 Nm
For A: M = 0  T2 = 5800 Nm

Đoạn C

Đoạn B

Đoạn A

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 III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN  and T

 Angle of twist

For A

For B

For C

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III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN  and T

 Total rotation  =  A +  B + C = 2.44o

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Ti Li
 Notice that the total rotation   
1 Gi J i

 For continuous shape change

For a beam a rod which changes shape in a continuous

manner
T = T(x)
J = J(x) L
T ( x)
Which depends on position    dx
0
GJ ( x)

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 III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN  and T

 For hollow circular bars

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III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN  and T

 Ex 5.3
Do = 100 mm
Di = 86 mm
Alluminium shaft L = 2.4 m
G = 28 GPa
allow = 50 MPa

1) Find  for maximum T!

2) What diameter solid shaft causes the same torque T for the
same maximum stress

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 III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN  and T

 Solution
1)  for maximum T
TR out  allow  J 50  10 6 
 max   allow 
J T    
100 4  86 4  10 12
R 50  10 3 32
T = 4.447 KNm

TL  allow L 50 10 6  2.4

    0.086Rad  4.91o
GJ GR 28  109  50 10 3

2) Diameter solid shaft causes the same torque T for the same maximum stress

TR TR T
 max   allow   
J  4 
R R3
2 2
1/ 3 1/ 3
 2T   2  4.447  10 3 
R      6
  0.38m
  allow     50  10 
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III. PURE SHEAR AND STRESSES ON OBLIQUE PLANE

 Summing in the direction of 

 Summing in the direction of 

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 III. PURE SHEAR AND STRESSES ON OBLIQUE PLANE

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III. PURE SHEAR AND STRESSES ON OBLIQUE PLANE

 Mohr’s circle diagram for torsion

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III. PURE SHEAR AND STRESSES ON OBLIQUE PLANE

 Ví dụ 5.4
- Determine maximum tensile stress max
- Magnitude of torque, T

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III. PURE SHEAR AND STRESSES ON OBLIQUE PLANE

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 IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION

The methods used for axially loaded members are used

to solve for statically indeterminate problems with
torsion using stiffness methods we have
 Static equilibrium
 Geometry constraints
 Compatibility of geometry constraints
 (1) and (2) give extra equations besides
(1) to solve for  and T

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IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION

Ex 5.5
Determine the reactions at A and B

A B

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 IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION

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IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION

 Equilibrium equation
(1)

 Angle of twist
Ta a
a  
GJ
(T1  Ta )b
b 
GJ
Tb c (T1  T2  Ta )c
c  
GJ GJ

 Geometric constraint requires

   a  b  c  0
Ta a (T1  Ta )b Tb c (2)
   0
GJ GJ GJ 24

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 IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION

 Solving (1) and (2) gives

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IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION

 Ex 5.6
 Find maximum shear stresses in the tube and the bar
if you know T, L and Gbar and Gsteel

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 IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION

 Equilibrium equation

 Angle of twist

 Geometric constraint

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IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION

 If materials for the bar and tube are the same, Gbar =
Gtub. Then Gbar = Gtub, (2) becomes
(2’)

 From (1) and (2’), we get

Ở đây Jbar = (R4)/2

Maximum shear stress in bar and tube

Where
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 IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION

 If the materials for bar and tube are different (Gbar 

GTub.), Then from (2) we get

 Thay vào (1) ta có

 Ứng suất tiếp lớn nhất

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