Electronics II Class Notes
Electronics II Class Notes
aw ould Gah IKH2 and af o | MHD Br 2 (-50) (194 °°?) 9 Bey? =p ts se #) Nour (vn) 2-500 mV PrP Funity® Avce) * 4 ce) >t) Voud ( mpa)> ~!2 ™V PP (vc > IMIR: sex face) > fygey? 20 Kia uerdty gam occurs af Lynity® MEE. Loy BAAN,Ni TT | November 2022 eon. a || Feedback Amplifiers ! Feedback Amplifiers : . Nifiers. IN torn of! camalidying parameter topology , tere ar fur dyt of amplifies © Voltage anptifier (@) current omplifier i Ger (21) Tremead uotemes ®) Tronsteielomes exept fi amelt fier dine lif i | assumptions ‘ Bie Gain, chuvolent —civcult pi By (ideas) Gear) (1 Practiect! errcudts) es & ra. volta Vy, . RD B a De i wd * aS 0 oO amplifier co i py Zo fede SS Rs current ep ry i P)es & Oo w ae omell fier » | Transconducton et an Jos te =) plifier Ge BL >> Be mplifie ars sn ° “Ns (is) nied 8 oF om Ay Trans resistance | Oma? Bs >> & Pond, Ro BL| vrardeal application wond be exactly Wwe Aw Meal ome, buh a will We close. loop feedloack Mm & pasic amplifer t compa redo7 Basic | demnpling een 3 3 Feedback | J, | or | amplifier [ee FT] nee Fn Ls ———_ —__j Tw characdensdies ef ons arnplifier corn change dut Jo vanouy reasons | | Cdemperedune, og eke) , Feedvaclting can compensade for drut | changes | : . . x . ar Be 2D Ker Ay . ‘ RE Ke Ky x Pls DX pt PX Fatd back ewok RO oueval) goin of cme ctrauth (ev feedbac) tf | Ye | AYe mow, Hse KEKE? KA AGRE = WAC AB) oo AR A . > aA \ mn A \* Qs Ay ti) RKEE TE Sampling — NPD civcul , : Wh decides whad Signal Jo sample om dre ouput ond how ds do ; ae Sormnpl ng chron] can Wo sed mm Fro ways. | wae fd Amplitior SP 4 ff | of Aoraoack LI mMedooy || Sum’ (Hmpks Vo) Sories (Savages to) Compare? or ™NRY aries diy s0uTeL ond Feed bac igre) dogedner and feeds dam do ave baie omnplher . This com we dam Q vey. sour Basi souree Digral Bunpdifier aiypa | Rerdback 38 | pahoorle srund (Feedbacks curved) ayeries (Jerddachs vol ng2)| 20 October 2029 Aavartages af regetine deedbac, When omy neva? iN Awe apa) signal results mo feedback signal yndo dye rnpus such o way a de cause ch decrease im dng outpud signa), te eempli her v owid do Wave MGcHiVe feedloack . SB) Aasing -mogatve fecdoact , Aho normally high mpd impedances fo Voltage voltage amplifier com We vee highey ond morma\\y lo oulpud resistones. cov Yo rmade lower. CH) Pwo, dna Arawsfer_goun Ag of an ampifier wiih feedvac con be stebilized ccpunsd Ave varahon of h- paromeders ( 0s) . S negative ferdbace TMP OVE Erequeney response and males aigniticom improvement om AW Tneenrdy of spevedions compared: to TOM feed oacled complitions. “Ime Wels 1 yredicdny Ave oudpud - lowered All dhe vmprovemends — are oblaind ad ane expene of low gem (Ax)© Vm | “A9e + Wyse) omplifer 6 Trem ~ conductance anmplitier wrens Residences ompliker v, volkage - series VotAage amelitier ith Acedback Lo wow feedback iv dei sy wired vy being collected from oudpus “Tears oneness mesic, wun eurrent — Ssertes fecava ce Liye deeavack de grads weIMg collected fom odett TTramstectstames oreaplt Fer SortM voltage - shunt Reealoaca (LG nos feadioack ded wal jp Pay collected en ovdpadcurrent | \ Curren) amplifier wah amplitiey | “f eurven| shunt ferdloacl, Ee | Lowes ferdtoack fed back (Le a shady eollected from ouput , Igo PL ignal or Type of feedback Patio a Voltage - Senes Cc od res 4 urverd- Series Voltage Shunt — Current Shum Xo voltage Current Veltoge Current Xs, Xe 1 Xd ¢ Voltaga Ve \dage euarrend: Current A By Cm Ra Ay 8 v, , 8 Ku, 47 t. 3a fv. Ma Tre produal - AG ‘3 called loop gem or return ratio. polweeny unity and kop GAM v called 4¥ redurn fades The difference return FAO + [? 1 bAG) = 14.00 eyed susidehes tenet of ave velurn edie Ws 227° 1 mecrn 9) Ap=-|, Jor sustained eseillahon ond © apt yvemenl BE | = som | | “we amounl af ferdlack th foag 7 | 20 tg | \ called oscillakon . we os condition awe Barkrousen Cridedon *E'S A Tee URMANAA NIC AMAA tA AR NETS os Pavonrtages wegrhe feedback amplifier f 4p november 2022 o beensvlty of dremmfer omy! rcation : A . fp; dlferenhatyrg ond mncenipuleding vies Va Ap ly | | ab a.) | Tap AP A | prasad, dun chon change (HRD me censinvidy pv 1 gy ae sensitivity eo, dt peent wong 13 Aap m goin tn feedback iy orn teh dw prem vanethey “in ampltitedon if mo Feedback is present. a +H Ap? 1, Ag baton ap 8 & Ars 4° AP srs dre goin beewans emtirely vpnden on p, So id ana. feedbare mepoork 4 purtly Tebrve | ae prvems dr bo brequoney respon con ollaviated , © Petuction m_frqueney dbtertons Jf are Atdback mepoorr dent Nat yeachue lemons, da oneal! gern bene vndependent of hequency (B Aon. Lensar datorhon cule signals tt ompliher get distorted du fo operation beyond linear rege - Let ww otsuma_ fr aislordpn is dua do 4h presener efAOS PC 2nd narmonics Bp + Me negative ferdback ts ~~ Lt Pee applied, Bp * fm 2 AAR D gre harmonic its yo dunced 1 dna efecto vy a dacdor A ODL. QG) Reduction m MOTE ee dividel by) Aro dosensihurty facto’r ovapliXier mon is Mito ducd « The mo1e p14 AB wn fardloack, Jmpud and Output resistoanea @ gam ater feedback Ay, ao wyere A may be Avs Bir Gen: Pom @® aa shuw! comecten i> uxvd mM ever inpud oF oudpul , (Aprlytny shud connection resydenes. decreases wilh cao ow decrease in Ro 5 aw con responding as feedoac im dw oud pud os connection wad ™ Aeedbac 10 either mpud or @ yu ovene output , a correspond ("9 resislames NCVER « (Depyins Senes im tae Ypud — Yereaves Ra) emmmection ay feedloaclk mm UY KL docdoy (sag) @ “TL Mereae or decreare occelys, Lamereases wy CA py decveares \ 3 ony i‘ atm) |OO Example 4 15 November 2022 Curren sates Feedback! — TW Arsen stator cmmbiguradion five 3 do] 2 Re a yo LC WO i" To saloude mpud amd oudpud vesitonars, ue © Seperae dra. mput ond outpud loop | qrore are difternd erteria Avr different circuvb, OME ae catryen! series feedback , SAT, do find tw pus loop, Dyn do ind dns oudpud POP =© Farmer amplidy Pe Nohwwyis asith PY Tealacing dhs rancinor with Sf parameer ™mede| . ce oe fF . Ye I, 2h E be Re Vo ae a rmpadatt alanough Je OVy tris 8 TH 0 Hie = short -aircuet input tpe voltage series feedback circuit Me = shod urouid ferward earrend gate fn dval case , Mt | keBe Re Feedoack gem @- a ce = shir ts 0 current sewes feedback circud . Now dacdback gem ™. de a = -~ XE. Re te Co Wede Wa hyet P2) fo Sm “i 2 he tn /u, = ORs hed Re Desensthvity Aactor DEIR Gam? py hse Re B+ nies Be vgretd Cg, gig) + (la Nye) Red (co roan) oe ven) RAM # te) small Ps + Me + PeGmp 2 Se oe he |-4 . | my TD nye Be fe), np?! ! [Ss Sang ‘ee Wye 7 pe Toulpat v Wndepon dent Bho 4 hp) Be Pe “sgvered i i L sae o b>! | % RQ Velinge goin | Ay —— - gat, OMNI Tip? Gy Re Rips Ry: s [Rigs AD Lie Ba ret Pe] Pah h = Dd bie gt, x SEMEN Mg) Pe Bs 4 hie CH Ry) Re By t hy Re ! Pops Ry Cag Gan) + 00 [ P= %] Osaflation condidiens | jo Nevemby 2022 - Phase ard frequency conderahon & see vowolly megative fadbock occurs fy oem ™H Frequency range af operttion in amplifiers. Bedn gen amd pha amg. changes . ards. When feedback een me wiitln drequenay Ya love ond igh jive dus fo prae avenge ad 6 Frequaney ona, etcillarien pos) aight occur,sre condithen dor stability TR sdebily cond Hon res y Tepires Anat dre zeme of TAB all te Mm aru Wehd Walt af ine complex Arequeney plane. Te Mygl_cierot Bn amplifer ip unsdable Sf de mye! eur encloses valk dre 1 ayo poe ani Wp stab odherwsse ApUn) het Smg) Aotne) unstable Doings oudside IW curve 6 ndicate () derdback a) YY [14 Ap]>d1, megotne feedloack TT apni on dre bourndory « mdigik sustained If WEAG| CI, poitive deodboa ck « oseilotpn , — be (9) 1 ponds (msde dry Cuvee indicarte (4) feedback . 7TON) daa A O*ciation spemion The a wo wien WmHy Joop gam -Ap=! ix called dhe Barhausen, eniteron’, Te Condition, ‘ymplies bot Ap) <1 ond had ane phase a Woon mput x, in agylitd eo 0" ome litier chro) Lose gam |Apl=1 ony A has PNA. shid} of 0, ras. dat Redback ginal ord hu goulreh signal dum oul & be te? Te Great dng —cvveai) par mma Wey fo Aiffevemiate unary Ane 200 ond awa fardback , we con ramp Ane SOT ond cwrenend Tat, i, Wave Berdvack im place of be sourte aml dws ne CITCuld would wehor exnediy twa samt way « + —— Ee A re} fe wM feedback cunnected & vi mW) {npud Souter, ‘Maw hf weillator ¢ er py Ne + ey ane opamp —prdusets 120" prax chit and +o cascaded Pe aamedwor produces anolner 16" so twdd AW jolat pra shift bouts 260" or Of Tw tre erred aillodss, 2 vy ane Borkhaunn crtlerion, A> a > Ar29 The outpad vill chow sinusel hos been fed. te B gn ts “Trad seem, move nad Ys dren amplified dre mols dies out. io ot | ; 2m RL b+ 4 (8p) \ \ ha? 23 4.29 Be, 4 Be’ ae tate 4 (PC/_) come Gon tre. loading effeah Gun Re. idol = ellacHion, even trough mo sinusoidal yap se olsen dhe chyouh Js veg aregglified , ab pero o dunnton a] ©, Aw o erlam 0 In dhe more Jog | cmt ovedlated nile he rest dee Wen Bridge Oseillefor $ ss | A> andre, 0 Cr : Ra, P, ¢ > + |e ach . it worn RAs TS beget Bek Qe Pe. ey Resomant circudt ckreulid oscillador ? (LE Aumed o2cillodor dread) col pills eo c L Hartley L L ¢c tumd Le Le _ also cabled ariired oseilladoy , Tunid 08 cillador- ara wre) ott ho Oude | The fund aller atte) us do dene wothoP amp ool pitts oscillator _trensiskar Hordley oscillator ‘) Poe ohne Leyebyilat aM 2H {Log C a yn ductomes « Mo dhe muted 22 Novernber 2022, 6 exypla} encillador basically & Aunel opeillater usi7y & peeocleetri ¢ carou . The crystal (usually quate) has ow ory oy resonan} ns wna Xt ond Xq wesonake greder sdobility halting comdend frequemney, % —\ Fo> (Kr %es) ama(A og) PMH alma cawurnt yng capac or tlectricay equivalent of erysialacd » spot fr onal pa | sei 1 Teserony} 1 gurney qe a [roem| He ani TyAlke | - — ‘ series) (also called etry - then, ; nd Lee _ tm ot pe cma GTN Gm A cagacidomes aut fo wednarniica, mmaournting Ss of dm crys, ana region Wbehoem A, omd fp vf, | Qe ee A ane ay Were, Qe dn quality daotor . Fille R los so wTmere energy ve stored dra Fields Y Cane crystal Hos reuling Iq high Q.) Bindomentel Frequency of o crystel fs We Kemtadenal dependend eons dam de dniclenes af die erytoy. (ae vootliing roge ¢ cyptal ostillpoy 1» Jom. Kth's de Ibor a Min.) [eeveteearic Crystal opelyiny wolhegn to. the. erglal results Ya ave crystal ——— viorating . RoAyrry ree caical yess Wduces wage Wi 4she S55 Fier} NESSD (also called L555 oF Mess) & 2 ordy usd AA can tan IM ety two rm\edes, Te hter edt) § only ons sAablo store In du mode, i) mono sable (one- shod wi 2 accurate Aiming Alay can be achieved « [sa stale: Tre civeull) will dent doward dad sdage_on We oon | AWee AVee A $55 OMA puk T. “7 pin GS | _ = Oe) aver drigger pont , UTP = ae vee lower dagger porn , LTP = Pe Fl Pe we It (4m. oud pud stop on a Gre rode is Ae sable a hme Ww) shade here)EEE lll D)Axiable operetiont 0 fixed stable vole, offen diz anode levown at A) obi operon Mable stides avlivibrdey wlth means aun bt 26m, One oF fe es Nt 01 ' ' t 1 @ r tected | > ew —T— | hor ements deterarine ct ayes ant duigge ring poiit. any eurout com gens rod clock pulse WH ean. meee a = 0: 69% (4d Ra) C |r» eee yenod = 0°69 ( 42) C L we Lo / . : sa Wy called pudy Geta ond tha. chime PET spa rao of Woomd T ot Aon eae swe can dune’ dnt vehow uy sf lwo ahaa oelpr\ as we Like.ew —— ews e—T+—-> ——— to 2M. t00% b D a loo, ds bn set Pe Ra . Cra “maa! eee mirae, 705 UM PB >> Re P.S e 25 November 2022 Active Fillers} vember 204 cireui dad is cestomel fo pass spoeltic wand of A filter bo Prequsmeies wane atlenuating signals oui dus band. LAL falters come ™ 4 Alavours | Wo} > b bow ‘ High 7 Be Elveninacion Pao oe Pos) or Node Filler Acie Filters —— Ideas i proce racdtial