COVER PAGE

CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGE
MENT
INDEX
Pics-1
Introduction
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects the
airways in the lungs, causing them to become inflamed,
narrowed, and overly sensitive. This inflammation and
narrowing make it difficult for air to move in and out of the
lungs. For some people, asthma is a minor nuisance. For others,
it can be a major problem that interferes with daily activities
and may lead to a life-threatening asthma attack.

Aim
In this project, we're diving into the world of asthma. We want
to understand where it comes from in our bodies and why it
happens. By looking closely at the things that can trigger
asthma symptoms, we're aiming to learn more about how it
affects people.
As we explore the field of respiratory health, we'll take a good
look at what causes asthma, the different ways it shows up in
people, and the new and better treatments available.
Pics-2
Some types of Asthma

1. Allergic asthma, sometimes called atopic asthma, is asthma

triggered by allergens like pollen, pets, and dust mites. About
80% of people with asthma have allergies.
2. ‘Seasonal’ asthma, some people have asthma that only flares
up at certain times of the year, such as during hay fever season,
or when it’s cold. While asthma is usually a long-term
condition, it’s possible to be symptom-free when your triggers
aren’t around.
3. Occupational asthma is asthma caused directly by the work
you do.
4. Non-allergic asthma, also known as non-atopic asthma, is
asthma that isn’t related to an allergy trigger like pollen or dust.
5. ‘Exercise-induced’ asthma about 90% of people with asthma
have tightening of the airways caused by exercise.
6. Difficult asthma, symptoms usually show more than 3 times
a week.
7. Severe asthma, a type of difficult asthma that doesn’t
respond to the usual treatments.
Pics-3
Symptoms
 Wheezing: A high-pitched whistling sound when
breathing, often due to narrowed airways.
 Coughing: Persistent cough, especially at night or early
morning, can be a sign of asthma irritation.
 Shortness of Breath: Feeling like you can't catch your
breath or take a full breath due to restricted air passages.
 Chest Tightness: A sensation of pressure or squeezing in
the chest, often accompanied by breathing difficulties.

These symptoms can vary in intensity and frequency, and

they're the body's way of indicating that the airways are
inflamed and not working as they should in individuals with
asthma.
Pics-4
CAUSES
It isn't clear why some people get asthma and others don't, but
it's probably due to a combination of environmental and
inherited (genetic) factors
Asthma triggers
Exposure to various irritants and substances that trigger
allergies can trigger signs and symptoms of asthma. Asthma
triggers are different from person to person and can include:

 Airborne allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, mold

spores, pet dander or particles of cockroach waste
 Respiratory infections, such as the common cold
 Physical activity
 Cold air
 Air pollutants and irritants, such as smoke
 Certain medications, including beta blockers, aspirin, and
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
 Strong emotions and stress
 Sulfites and preservatives added to some types of foods
and beverages, including shrimp, dried fruit, processed
potatoes, beer and wine
 Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in
which stomach acids back up into your throat
PICS 5
Risk factors
A number of factors are thought to increase your chances of
developing asthma. They include:

 Having a blood relative with asthma, such as a parent or

sibling
 Having another allergic condition, such as atopic
dermatitis — which causes red, itchy skin — or hay fever
— which causes a runny nose, congestion and itchy eyes
 Being overweight
 Being a smoker
 Exposure to secondhand smoke
 Exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution
 Exposure to occupational triggers, such as chemicals used
in farming, hairdressing and manufacturing
Pics-6
Prevention
There is no cure for asthma, but it can be managed. There are
two steps to controlling asthma: taking medicines and avoiding
or limiting asthma triggers.
To prevent asthma symptoms:
 Avoid or limit contact with your asthma triggers and
allergens.
 Get vaccinated. Respiratory infections like colds and the
flu can worsen asthma. Keep your lungs healthy by getting
other vaccinations as recommended.
 Create an Asthma Action Plan with your doctor. Follow it
when you have symptoms. Talk with your doctor about
your treatment plan.
 Take your asthma medicines as directed.
 Take care of your general health. Try to get plenty of
sleep and exercise. Eat healthy foods as much as possible,
stay hydrated, and find ways to manage stress.
Pics-7
Treatment
You have options to help manage your asthma. Your healthcare
provider may prescribe medications to control symptoms.
These include:
 Bronchodilators: These medicines relax the muscles
around your airways. The relaxed muscles let the airways
move air. They also let mucus move more easily through
the airways. These medicines relieve your symptoms when
they happen and are used for intermittent and chronic
asthma.
 Anti-inflammatory medicines: These medicines reduce
swelling and mucus production in your airways. They make
it easier for air to enter and exit your lungs. Your
healthcare provider may prescribe them to take every day
to control or prevent your symptoms of chronic asthma.
 Biologic therapies for asthma: These are used for severe
asthma when symptoms persist despite proper inhaler
therapy.
You can take asthma medicines in several different ways. You
may breathe in the medicines using a metered-dose inhaler,
nebulizer or another type of asthma inhaler.

PIC-7
Epidemiology
The prevalence of asthma varies widely in different regions of
the world due to distinct genetic, environmental and
occupational risk factors. However, this disparity appears to be
closing as the prevalence in high-income countries is reaching a
plateau whereas the prevalence in low and middle-income
countries continues to rise.
Worldwide, it is estimated that approximately 334 million
people currently suffer from asthma, and 250,000 deaths are
attributed to the disease each year.

Age Onset:

 Childhood Onset: Most asthma cases develop during

childhood. Roughly 50% of asthma cases are diagnosed
before the age of 10.
  Adult Onset: Around 30% of asthma cases are diagnosed
during adulthood. I
 Senior Onset: A smaller portion of asthma cases, roughly
10-15%, may develop in older adults.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that has a

higher prevalence in boys than in girls before puberty and a
higher prevalence in women than in men in adulthood.

PIC 8 with doc

Investigatory work
Blank
BLANK
Conclusion

To wrap up, this research of asthma revealed its different types,

including those triggered by allergies, exercise, and more. While
there's no complete cure, effective ways to manage symptoms
exist, like medications and avoiding triggers.
Prevention is key, involving measures like keeping a clean
environment and following medical advice. Asthma's global
impact is clear, affecting people of all ages due to a mix of
genes, lifestyle, and environment.
The talk with the doctor highlighted personalized care as
crucial. They stressed education, early diagnosis, and consistent
monitoring for better asthma control.
The project shows that, knowing asthma types, preventing
flare-ups, and sharing accurate information can improve the
lives of those dealing with asthma
Bibliography

 https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/
lungs-and-airways
 https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/asthma/
types-asthma
 https://acaai.org/asthma
 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma
 https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/
asthma
 https://www.news-medical.net/health/Asthma-
Epidemiology.aspx
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18156099/
#:~:text=Background%3A%20Asthma%20is%20a
%20chronic,than%20in%20men%20in%20adulthood
 https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6424-
asthma
 https://aafa.org/asthma/