LoRaWAN gateways installation

recommendations
Application Note AN-KLK03357

Michel GILBERT
KERLINK
 Title: LoRaWAN gateways installation
recommendations
AN-KLK03357
Version: 1.0
Author: Michel GILBERT

LoRaWAN gateways installation

recommendations

Date Version Edits

17/12/2019 V0.1 First draft
07/02/2020 V0.2 Minor updates after internal review
Minor updates after 2nd internal review
23/03/2020 V0.3
Updated cavity filter list
Added different use case in Cavity Filter paragraph.
24/03/2020 V0.4
Defined when cavity filter is required and when it is not.
11/05/2020 V0.5 Minor typo corrections
17/06/2020 V0.6 Added details in case of colocalization with LTE BS
10/07/2020 V0.7 Detailed connection of antennas and surge protections for Wirnet iStation
03/08/2020 V0.8 Wording modifications about connection of antennas for Wirnet iStation
23/09/2020 V0.9 Changed recommended cavity filter for Sri Lanka
18/11/2020 V0.10 Added 915MHz / 9dBi omnidirectional antenna (KLK03456)
16/12/2020 V0.11 Added details about position of surge protections
02/06/2022 V0.12 Added Wirnet iZeptoCell gateway
Finalized information about Wirnet iZeptoCell, including accessories.
17/10/2022 V0.13 Updated cavity filters list.
Added lightning surge protections (KLK03639).
03/11/2022 V1.0 Official release.

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 Title: LoRaWAN gateways installation
recommendations
AN-KLK03357
Version: 1.0
Author: Michel GILBERT

Table of content
1 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 8
2 Preparing the installation ........................................................................................................ 9
2.1 Installation site ................................................................................................................. 9
2.1 Characteristics of the gateway ....................................................................................... 10
2.1.1 LoRaWAN gateways portfolio ................................................................................. 10
2.1.2 Gateway vs. IoT application .................................................................................... 13
2.1.3 Gateway vs. installation site.................................................................................... 13
2.1.4 Scalability of the gateway ....................................................................................... 14
2.1.5 LoRaWAN unlicensed bands ................................................................................... 14
2.1.6 Backhaul .................................................................................................................. 16
2.1.6.1 Backhauling options ......................................................................................... 16
2.1.6.2 Single gateway installation topology ............................................................... 17
2.1.6.3 Multi gateways installation topology ............................................................... 18
2.1.6.4 USIM card ......................................................................................................... 18
2.1.6.5 Preparing the configuration of the backhaul ................................................... 18
2.1.7 Power Supply ........................................................................................................... 20
2.1.7.1 PoE injectors ..................................................................................................... 21
2.1.7.2 PoE/USB splitter ............................................................................................... 22
2.1.7.3 Isolated DC/DC supply ...................................................................................... 22
2.1.7.4 AC/DC power supplies ...................................................................................... 23
2.1.7.5 Photovoltaic system ......................................................................................... 24
2.1.7.6 UPS ................................................................................................................... 24
2.1.8 Antennas ................................................................................................................. 24
2.1.8.1 GNSS antennas ................................................................................................. 24
2.1.8.2 LTE antennas .................................................................................................... 25
2.1.8.3 LoRa antennas .................................................................................................. 26
2.1.8.4 Brackets ............................................................................................................ 30
2.1.9 Cavity filters ............................................................................................................. 30
2.1.9.1 First use case: outdoor / colocalized ................................................................ 32
2.1.9.2 Second use case: outdoor / urban ................................................................... 33
2.1.9.3 Third use case: outdoor / suburban / rural ...................................................... 34
2.1.9.4 Fourth use case: indoor .................................................................................... 36
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 Title: LoRaWAN gateways installation
recommendations
AN-KLK03357
Version: 1.0
Author: Michel GILBERT

2.1.9.5 Outdoor cavity filters ....................................................................................... 36

2.1.9.6 Embedded cavity filters .................................................................................... 38
2.1.10 Lightning protections ............................................................................................ 41
2.1.11 Cables .................................................................................................................... 43
2.1.11.1 RF coaxial cables............................................................................................. 43
2.1.11.2 USB-A extension cable ................................................................................... 43
2.1.11.3 USB-A to USB-C cable ..................................................................................... 44
2.1.11.4 Ethernet cable ................................................................................................ 45
2.1.11.5 Earthing cables ............................................................................................... 45
2.1.11.6 Cigarette lighter cord ..................................................................................... 46
2.1.12 Debug probes ........................................................................................................ 46
2.1.13 Gateway management .......................................................................................... 47
3 Outdoor gateways ................................................................................................................. 48
3.1 Opening the enclosure ................................................................................................... 48
3.1.1 Wirnet iBTS and Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway opening ................................................. 48
3.1.2 Wirnet iBTS Compact and Wirnet Station opening................................................. 49
3.2 Inserting an additional module inside the Wirnet iBTS enclosure................................. 51
3.3 USIM card ....................................................................................................................... 53
3.3.1 Wirnet iBTS family ................................................................................................... 53
3.3.2 Wirnet Station ......................................................................................................... 54
3.3.3 Wirnet iStation ........................................................................................................ 55
3.4 Electric distribution to the outdoor gateway ................................................................. 55
3.4.1 Safety ....................................................................................................................... 55
3.4.2 Mains supply ........................................................................................................... 56
3.4.3 POE supply ............................................................................................................... 57
3.4.4 Auxiliary power supply ............................................................................................ 57
3.5 Lightning protections ..................................................................................................... 57
3.6 Mounting of the enclosure............................................................................................. 58
3.6.1 General considerations ........................................................................................... 58
3.6.2 Antennas mountings kits ......................................................................................... 58
3.6.2.1 GNSS, LTE and LoRa antenna considerations ................................................... 58
3.6.2.2 Distance between antennas ............................................................................. 59
3.6.2.2.1 LoRa antenna vs. LTE antennas ................................................................. 59

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 Title: LoRaWAN gateways installation
recommendations
AN-KLK03357
Version: 1.0
Author: Michel GILBERT

3.6.2.2.2 LoRa space diversity .................................................................................. 59

3.6.2.3 Universal antenna bracket ............................................................................... 60
3.6.2.4 Dome antenna bracket..................................................................................... 62
3.6.3 Mounting of the Wirnet iBTS Compact and Wirnet Station enclosures ................. 64
3.6.3.1 Wirnet Station mounting kit ............................................................................ 64
3.6.3.2 Wirnet iBTS Compact mounting kit .................................................................. 64
3.6.3.3 Wall mounting .................................................................................................. 65
3.6.3.4 Pole mounting by U-bolt .................................................................................. 65
3.6.3.5 Metallic strapping mounting ............................................................................ 66
3.6.4 Mounting of the Wirnet iBTS and Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway enclosures ................. 67
3.6.4.1 Wirnet iBTS and Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway mounting kit .................................. 67
3.6.4.2 Wall mounting .................................................................................................. 68
3.6.4.3 Pole mounting by U-bolt .................................................................................. 68
3.6.4.4 Metallic strapping mounting ............................................................................ 69
3.6.5 Mounting of the Wirnet iStation enclosure ............................................................ 70
3.6.5.1 Wirnet iStation mounting kit............................................................................ 70
3.6.5.2 Insertion of the Wirnet iStation enclosure on its mounting kit ....................... 70
3.6.5.3 Wall mounting .................................................................................................. 72
3.6.5.4 Metallic strapping mounting ............................................................................ 72
3.6.6 Mounting of the accessories ................................................................................... 73
3.6.6.1 Indoor PoE injectors ......................................................................................... 73
3.6.6.2 Outdoor PoE injectors ...................................................................................... 73
3.6.6.3 Indoor Ethernet surge protection .................................................................... 74
3.6.6.4 Outdoor Ethernet surge protection ................................................................. 74
3.6.6.5 RF coaxial lightning protections (general use case) ......................................... 75
3.6.6.6 RF coaxial lightning protection on Wirnet iStation .......................................... 76
3.6.6.7 Cavity filters ...................................................................................................... 77
3.7 Setting connections ........................................................................................................ 78
3.7.1 Earthing ................................................................................................................... 78
3.7.1.1 Earthing of the Wirnet iBTS and Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway ............................... 79
3.7.1.2 Earthing of the Wirnet iBTS Compact and Wirnet Station ............................... 80
3.7.1.3 Earthing of the Wirnet iStation ........................................................................ 81
3.7.1.4 Earthing of the RF coaxial surge protection ..................................................... 82

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 Title: LoRaWAN gateways installation
recommendations
AN-KLK03357
Version: 1.0
Author: Michel GILBERT

3.7.1.5 Earthing of the DC surge protection ................................................................ 82

3.7.1.6 Earthing of the Ethernet surge protection ....................................................... 83
3.7.1.7 Earthing of the outdoor PoE injector ............................................................... 83
3.7.1.8 Earthing Ethernet cable.................................................................................... 84
3.7.1.9 Earthing RF coaxial cables ................................................................................ 85
3.7.1.10 Earthing antenna brackets ............................................................................. 85
3.7.2 RF antennas ............................................................................................................. 86
3.7.2.1 Wirnet iBTS family ............................................................................................ 86
3.7.2.1.1 GNSS antenna ............................................................................................ 88
3.7.2.1.2 LTE antenna ............................................................................................... 89
3.7.2.1.3 GNSS / LTE combo antenna....................................................................... 89
3.7.2.1.4 Internal LTE antenna ................................................................................. 90
3.7.2.1.5 LoRa RF Antenna ....................................................................................... 90
3.7.2.2 Wirnet Station .................................................................................................. 92
3.7.2.3 Wirnet iStation ................................................................................................. 93
3.7.3 Ethernet connection ................................................................................................ 95
3.7.3.1 Wirnet iBTS family ............................................................................................ 95
3.7.3.1 Wirnet Station .................................................................................................. 97
3.7.3.1 Wirnet iStation ................................................................................................. 99
3.7.4 Mains supply ......................................................................................................... 100
3.7.5 Auxiliary power supply .......................................................................................... 100
3.7.5.1 Wirnet iBTS family .......................................................................................... 100
3.7.5.1 Wirnet Station ................................................................................................ 102
3.8 Commissioning ............................................................................................................. 103
3.8.1 Wirnet iBTS family ................................................................................................. 103
3.8.2 Wirnet Station ....................................................................................................... 103
3.8.3 Wirnet iStation ...................................................................................................... 104
3.9 Interfaces for maintenance .......................................................................................... 105
3.9.1 USB interface ......................................................................................................... 105
3.9.1.1 Wirnet iBTS family .......................................................................................... 105
3.9.1.1 Wirnet Station ................................................................................................ 105
3.9.1.2 Wirnet iStation ............................................................................................... 106
3.9.2 ON/OFF button ...................................................................................................... 106

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 Title: LoRaWAN gateways installation
recommendations
AN-KLK03357
Version: 1.0
Author: Michel GILBERT

3.9.2.1 Wirnet iBTS family .......................................................................................... 106

3.9.2.1 Wirnet Station ................................................................................................ 107
3.9.2.2 Wirnet iStation ............................................................................................... 107
3.9.3 Local interface ....................................................................................................... 108
4 Indoor gateways .................................................................................................................. 109
4.1 USIM card ..................................................................................................................... 109
4.1.1 Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution ................................................................................. 109
4.1.2 Wirnet iFemtoCell ................................................................................................. 110
4.1.3 Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular ..................................................................................... 110
4.2 Mounting of the enclosure........................................................................................... 110
4.2.1 General considerations ......................................................................................... 110
4.2.2 Wirnet™ iFemtoCell and Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution Wall Mounting ............ 111
4.2.3 Wirnet™ iZeptoCell Wall Mounting ...................................................................... 111
4.3 Setting connections ...................................................................................................... 112
4.3.1 LoRa antenna......................................................................................................... 112
4.3.1.1 Wirnet iZeptoCell ........................................................................................... 112
4.3.1.2 Wirnet iFemtoCell and Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution .................................... 113
4.3.1.3 Distance between LoRa antenna and LTE USB dongle of Wirnet iFemtoCell 114
4.3.2 Ethernet ................................................................................................................. 114
4.3.2.1 Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet ............................................................................ 114
4.3.2.1 Wirnet iFemtoCell and Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution .................................... 114
4.3.3 DC supply ............................................................................................................... 115
4.3.3.1 Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet and Cellular ........................................................ 115
4.3.3.2 Wirnet iFemtoCell and Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution .................................... 116
4.3.3.1 Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution .......................................................................... 117
4.4 Commissioning ............................................................................................................. 117
4.4.1 Wirnet iZeptoCell .................................................................................................. 117
4.4.2 Wirnet iFemtoCell and Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution ........................................... 118
4.4.3 Wi-Fi connection of Wirnet iFemtoCell................................................................. 119
4.5 Interfaces for maintenance .......................................................................................... 120
4.5.1 Wirnet™ iZeptoCell................................................................................................ 120
4.5.1.1 Reset button ................................................................................................... 120
4.5.1 Wirnet™ iFemtoCell .............................................................................................. 121

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 Title: LoRaWAN gateways installation
recommendations
AN-KLK03357
Version: 1.0
Author: Michel GILBERT

4.5.1.1 Reset button ................................................................................................... 121

4.5.2 Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution .............................................................................. 122
4.5.2.1 USB-C Connector ............................................................................................ 122
4.5.2.2 Reset On/Off Push-button ............................................................................. 123
5 References ........................................................................................................................... 124

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 Title: LoRaWAN gateways installation
recommendations
AN-KLK03357
Version: 1.0
Author: Michel GILBERT

1 Introduction
Industry is increasingly using the Internet of Things (IoT) to reduce costs and improve
operational efficiencies. The IoT market has vastly grown with an increasing number of
practical applications in many fields including utilities and smart metering, asset tracking,
agriculture, smart cities, smart homes, etc. IoT applications have a range of requirements with
many enterprise applications relying on long-range, low data rate, low energy consumption,
and cost-effective connectivity.
Therefore, the requirements of IoT applications have driven the emergence of a new wireless
communication technology: Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN). These comprise a range
of technologies which offer large coverage and low energy consumption, often using
unlicensed spectrum. Among them, SigFox, LoRaWAN, and NB-IoT are today’s leading
emergent technologies that involve many technical differences.

The choice of a LPWAN technology is driven by the following criteria

• Quality of service (QoS)
• Scalability i.e. support of the massive number of increasing number and density of
connected devices.
• Network coverage and range
• Deployment model i.e. private networks or public nation-wide networks
• Cost - including spectrum cost (license), network/deployment cost, and device cost.

One significant advantage of LoRaWAN ecosystem is its flexibility. Unlike SigFox and NB-IoT,
LoRaWAN offers local network deployment as well as public network operation. In the
industrial field, a hybrid operating model could be used to deploy a local LoRaWAN network
in factory areas and uses the public LoRaWAN network to cover the outside areas.

LoRaWAN is moreover considered as a low-cost solution compared to other LPWAN

technologies. As it operates in unlicensed band the spectrum cost is significantly lower
compared to NB-IoT operating in licensed band. Deployments costs are significantly lower
compared to SigFox due to lower price of the gateways.

A successful deployment of a LoRaWAN network shall ensure that all the above criteria (QoS,
scalability, network coverage, deployment cost) are properly monitored during the whole
lifecycle of the project. Installation of the gateways is a critical phase to achieve successful
deployment of LoRaWAN network and meet customer expectations. Preparation of the
installation shall be carefully considered to avoid future critical issues compromising QoS.

This application note provides guidelines to anticipate the gateways installation. It could be
considered as a check list, before installing the gateways, to make sure all critical parameters
are identified and will be properly addressed during the installation.

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 Title: LoRaWAN gateways installation
recommendations
AN-KLK03357
Version: 1.0
Author: Michel GILBERT

2 Preparing the installation

Installation of a LoRaWAN gateway shall be carefully prepared in advance to anticipate the
future coverage area, QoS and make sure that all needed equipment’s are listed and are
available the D-day. Intervention costs per day are very expensive on an installation site, so
the installation procedure shall be fully detailed and prepared to avoid any later intervention
to fix issues that could have been anticipated.

This chapter details all the parameters to be considered before the installation i.e.:
• Selection of the installation site
• Selection of the right gateway depending on the application, installation site, etc.
• Selection of the backhaul
• Selection of accessories (antenna, cavity filter, lightning surge protection, cables, etc.)

2.1 Installation site

Installation site is a key factor which determines the coverage area but also the QoS of the
LoRaWAN network. The choice of the installation site shall be carefully made considering:
• The targeted coverage area
• The power supply options (Mains, DC supply, Photovoltaic, etc.)
• The backhauling options (Ethernet, Cellular, Wi-Fi, etc.)

The choice of the installation site also determines installation constraints such as:
• The type of gateways to be used (indoor/outdoor).
• Usage of cavity filters in case of colocalized installation.
• The mounting type (wall, mast, tower, roof top, etc.).
• The antennas and brackets to be used.
• The lightning protections to be used.
• The cables (Supply, Ethernet, RF coaxial cables, etc.) to be installed.

See also § 2.1.3 and §2.1.9.

For additional information see also:

[1] AN-KLK03355 - Improving radio coexistence performance of LoRaWAN gateways
[2] AN-KLK03356 - LoRaWAN gateways coverage optimization
[3] AN-KLK03358 - LoRaWAN gateways lightning protection

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 Title: LoRaWAN gateways installation
recommendations
AN-KLK03357
Version: 1.0
Author: Michel GILBERT

2.1 Characteristics of the gateway

2.1.1 LoRaWAN gateways portfolio

The Kerlink portfolio of LoRaWAN gateways is composed of:

Wirnet Wirnet Wirnet Wirnet

iZeptoCell iZeptoCell iFemtoCell iFemtoCell
Ethernet Cellular Evolution

Wirnet Wirnet Wirnet

Station iStation iBTS Compact

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 Title: LoRaWAN gateways installation
recommendations
AN-KLK03357
Version: 1.0
Author: Michel GILBERT

Wirnet iBTS Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway

Each version is derived into several references to address different LPWAN unlicensed bands
but also supporting different features. They are summarized in the following table:
Gateway Gateway GNSS LoRaWAN Space Geo
Backhaul Msg/day
designation Reference receiver channels diversity location
Wirnet Station PDTIOT-ISS00 Eth, 3G Yes No No >0.7M
8
868 PDTKLK-ISS0005 Eth, 3G Yes No No >0.7M
Wirnet Station
PDTIOT-ISS01 Eth, 3G Yes 8 No No >0.7M
915
Wirnet Station
PDTIOT-ISS02 Eth, 3G Yes 8 No No >0.7M
923
Wirnet iStation
PDTIOT-ISS04 Eth, 4G Yes 8 No No >0.7M
868
Wirnet iStation
PDTIOT-ISS05 Eth, 4G Yes 8 No No >0.7M
915
Wirnet iStation
PDTIOT-ISS06 Eth, 4G Yes 8 No No >0.7M
923
PDTIOT-MCS01 Eth Yes 16 Option Yes >1.4M
Wirnet iBTS
PDTIOT-MCS02 Eth, 4G Yes 16 Option Yes >1.4M
Compact 868
PDTIOT-MCS18 Eth, 2x4G Yes 16 Option Yes >1.4M
Wirnet iBTS PDTIOT-MCS11 Eth Yes 16 Option Yes >1.4M
Compact 915 PDTIOT-MCS12 Eth, 4G Yes 16 Option Yes >1.4M
PDTIOT-MCS09 Eth Yes 16 Option Yes >1.4M
Wirnet iBTS PDTIOT-MCS10 Eth, 4G Yes 16 Option Yes >1.4M
Compact 923 PDTIOT-MCS15 Eth, 4G Yes 16 Option Yes >1.4M
PDTIOT-MCS19 Eth, 4G Yes 16 Option Yes >1.4M
PDTIOT-MSS01 Eth Yes 16 Yes Yes >1.4M
PDTIOT-MSS02 Eth, 4G Yes 16 Yes Yes >1.4M
Wirnet iBTS 868
PDTIOT-MSS03 Eth Yes 48 Yes Yes >4.2M
PDTIOT-MSS04 Eth, 4G Yes 48 Yes Yes >4.2M
PDTIOT-MSS05 Eth Yes 64 Yes Yes >5.6M
Wirnet iBTS 915
PDTIOT-MSS06 Eth, 4G Yes 64 Yes Yes >5.6M

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 Title: LoRaWAN gateways installation
recommendations
AN-KLK03357
Version: 1.0
Author: Michel GILBERT

PDTIOT-MSS07 Eth Yes 64 Yes Yes >5.6M

PDTIOT-MSS08 Eth, 4G Yes 64 Yes Yes >5.6M
PDTIOT-MSS11 Eth Yes 48 Yes Yes >4.2M
PDTIOT-MSS12 Eth, 4G Yes 48 Yes Yes >4.2M
Wirnet iBTS 923
PDTIOT-MSS13 Eth Yes 16 Yes Yes >1.4M
PDTIOT-MSS14 Eth, 4G Yes 16 Yes Yes >1.4M
PDTIOT-MSS16 Eth, 4G Yes 16 Yes Yes >1.4M
PDTIOT-MSS17 Eth, 4G Yes 48 Yes Yes >4.2M
PDTIOT-MSS20 Eth Yes 64 No Yes >5.6M
Wirnet iBTS 64 PDTIOT-MSS21 Eth Yes 64 Yes Yes >5.6M
Highway PDTIOT-MSS22 Eth, 4G Yes 64 No Yes >5.6M
PDTIOT-MSS23 Eth, 4G Yes 64 Yes Yes >5.6M
Wirnet
PDTIOT-IFE00 Eth, Wi-Fi No 8 No No >0.7M
iFemtoCell 868
Wirnet
PDTIOT-IFE01 Eth, Wi-Fi No 8 No No >0.7M
iFemtoCell 915
Wirnet
PDTIOT-IFE02 Eth, Wi-Fi No 8 No No >0.7M
iFemtoCell 923
Wirnet
iFemtoCell- PDTIOT-IFE03 Eth, 4G No 8 No No >0.7M
evolution 868
Wirnet
iFemtoCell- PDTIOT-IFE04 Eth, 4G No 8 No No >0.7M
evolution 915
Wirnet
iFemtoCell- PDTIOT-IFE05 Eth, 4G No 8 No No >0.7M
evolution 923
Wirnet
iZeptoCell PDTIOT-IZEE800 Eth No 8 No No >0.7M
Ethernet 800
Wirnet
iZeptoCell PDTIOT-IZEE900 Eth No 8 No No >0.7M
Ethernet 900
Wirnet
iZeptoCell PDTIOT-IZEC800 LTE-M No 8 No No >0.7M
Cellular 800
Wirnet
iZeptoCell PDTIOT-IZEC900 LTE-M No 8 No No >0.7M
Cellular 900

The features are detailed in the following paragraphs.

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 Title: LoRaWAN gateways installation
recommendations
AN-KLK03357
Version: 1.0
Author: Michel GILBERT

2.1.2 Gateway vs. IoT application

Depending of the customer application, the following LoRaWAN gateways are recommended:
Smart Smart Smart Smart Smart Smart
Gateway designation Typical use case
Metering City Agriculture Energy Industry Building
Private Network
Wirnet Station
Edge Networking
O O ✓ O O O
Private Network
Wirnet iStation
Edge Networking
O O ✓ O O O
Wirnet iBTS Compact Public Network ✓ ✓
Wirnet iBTS Public Network ✓ ✓
Wirnet iBTS 64
Highway
Public Network ✓ ✓
Private Network,
Wirnet iFemtoCell
Edge Networking
✓ ✓ ✓
Wirnet iFemtoCell- Private Network,
evolution Edge Networking
✓ ✓ ✓
Wirnet iZeptocell Private Network,
Ethernet Edge Networking
✓ ✓ ✓
Wirnet iZeptocell Private Network,
Cellular Edge Networking
✓ ✓ ✓

✓: typical usage (recommended)

O: possible usage

2.1.3 Gateway vs. installation site

Because of their targeted application, their robustness and ingress protection, the LoRaWAN
gateways are particularly dedicated to the following environments:
Gateway designation Outdoor / Colocalized Outdoor Indoor
Wirnet Station O ✓ O
Wirnet iStation O ✓ ✓
Wirnet iBTS Compact ✓ ✓
Wirnet iBTS ✓ ✓
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway ✓ ✓
Wirnet iFemtoCell ✓
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution ✓
Wirnet iZeptocell Ethernet ✓
Wirnet iZeptocell Cellular ✓

✓: typical usage (recommended)

O: possible usage

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 Title: LoRaWAN gateways installation
recommendations
AN-KLK03357
Version: 1.0
Author: Michel GILBERT

2.1.4 Scalability of the gateway

Kerlink LoRaWAN gateways are designed to provide Firmware Upgrade capabilities.
The Wirnet iBTS family has, moreover, a modular architecture allowing to configure the
backhaul and capacity of the LoRaWAN receiver.
The scalability features are summarized in the following table:
Gateway designation Firmware upgrade Modularity
Eth, 3G
Wirnet Station FOTA No
USB
Eth, 4G
Wirnet iStation FOTA No
USB
Eth, 4G
Wirnet iBTS Compact FOTA Yes
USB
Eth, 4G
Wirnet iBTS FOTA Yes
USB
Eth, 4G
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway FOTA Yes
USB
Eth, Wi-Fi
Wirnet iFemtoCell FOTA No
USB
Eth, 4G
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution FOTA No
USB
Eth
Wirnet iZeptocell Ethernet No
USB
LTE-M
Wirnet iZeptocell Cellular FOTA No
USB

2.1.5 LoRaWAN unlicensed bands

LoRaWAN end-devices and gateways communicates in license free frequency bands. This is a
benefit for the operator or customer that do not need license from government or state, to
transmit on these frequencies. The most common LPWAN frequency bands used worldwide
are the following:
• 433MHz (EMEA)
• 863-870MHz (EMEA)
• 902-928MHz (North America)
• 915-928MHz (LATAM, APAC)
However, it is important to note that unlicensed frequencies are country specific. Although
some continents share similar frequency bands, some countries may have specific usage. This
could relate to the allowed frequencies but also time on air, duty cycle, EIRP, etc.

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 Title: LoRaWAN gateways installation
recommendations
AN-KLK03357
Version: 1.0
Author: Michel GILBERT

The following table details the frequency range (both UL and DL) of Kerlink LoRaWAN outdoor
gateways and the corresponding LoRaWAN Regional Parameters:
Gateway designation TX band (DL) RX band (UL) LoRaWAN Regional Parameters
EU868
Wirnet Station 868 863-873MHz 863-873MHz IN865
RU864
AS923-1
AS923-2
AS923-3
Wirnet Station 915 902-928MHz 902-928MHz AS923-4
KR920
AU915
US915
AS923-1
AS923-2
Wirnet Station 923 920-928MHz 915-928MHz
KR920
AU915
EU868
Wirnet iStation 868 863-873MHz 863-873MH IN865
RU864
Wirnet iStation 915 923-928MHz 902-915MHz US915
AS923-1
AS923-2
AS923-3
Wirnet iStation 923 915-928MHz 915-928MHz
AS923-4
KR920
AU915
EU868
Wirnet iBTS Compact 868 863-873MHz 863-873MH IN865
RU864
AS923-1
AS923-2
AS923-3
Wirnet iBTS Compact 915 902-928MHz 902-928MHz AS923-4
KR920
AU915
US915
AS923-1
AS923-2
Wirnet iBTS Compact 923 920-928MHz 915-928MHz
KR920
AU915
EU868
Wirnet iBTS 868 863-873MHz 863-873MH IN865
RU864
AS923-1
AS923-2
AS923-3
Wirnet iBTS 915 902-928MHz 902-928MHz AS923-4
KR920
AU915
US915

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AS923-1
AS923-2
Wirnet iBTS 923 920-928MHz 915-928MHz
KR920
AU915
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway 923-928MHz 902-915MHz US915
EU868
Wirnet iFemtoCell 868 863-873MHz 863-873MHz IN865
RU864
AS923-1
AS923-2
AS923-3
Wirnet iFemtoCell 915 902-928MHz 902-928MHz AS923-4
KR920
AU915
US915
AS923-1
AS923-2
Wirnet iFemtoCell 923 920-928MHz 915-928MHz
KR920
AU915
EU868
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution
863-874.4MHz 863-874.4MH IN865
868
RU864
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution
923-928MHz 902-915MHz US915
915
AS923-1
AS923-2
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution AS923-3
915-928MHz 915-928MHz
923 AS923-4
KR920
AU915
EU868
Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet 800 865-870MHz 865-870MHz IN865
RU864
Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet 900 902-928MHz 902-915MHz US915
EU868
Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular 800 865-870MHz 865-870MHz IN865
RU864
Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular 900 902-928MHz 902-915MHz US915

Note: Regional Parameters in bold are the one initially intended to be supported by the
gateway. Regional Parameters in italics can be supported but are not recommended.

2.1.6 Backhaul

2.1.6.1 Backhauling options

Kerlink LoRaWAN gateways are support different backhauling options to cover customer
needs. They are summarized in the following table:

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Gateway designation Ethernet Cellular Wi-Fi

Wirnet Station 100Base-T 2G, 3G No
Wirnet iStation 100Base-T 2G, 3G, 4G No
Wirnet iBTS Compact 100Base-T 2G, 3G, 4G Option
Wirnet iBTS 100Base-T 2G, 3G, 4G Option
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway 100Base-T 2G, 3G, 4G Option
Wirnet iFemtoCell 100Base-T External 2G, 3G, 4G USB stick (option) Yes (2.4GHz)
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution 100Base-T 2G, 3G, 4G No
Wirnet iZeptocell Ethernet 100Base-T No No
Wirnet iZeptocell Cellular No 2G, LTE-M, NB-IoT No

Cellular technologies listed above shall be understood as follows:

• 2G: GPRS / EGPRS
• 3G: UMTS, HSPA
• 4G: LTE FDD and LTE TDD
The list of supported cellular bands is fully detailed in the “Product Description” document of
the corresponding LoRaWAN gateway.
Other backhaul options (satellite) could be considered upon demand.

2.1.6.2 Single gateway installation topology

If a single LoRaWAN gateway is installed on a site, two configurations are possible regarding
the WAN technology used:
- 4G/3G/2G connection
- Ethernet connection
The 4G/3G/2G connection requires a USIM subscription.
The Ethernet connection requires an Ethernet access through a dedicated RJ45 cable.

Figure 1 : Single gateway installation (with USIM) Figure 2 : Single gateway installation (No USIM)

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2.1.6.3 Multi gateways installation topology

In rare use cases, multiple LoRaWAN gateways can be installed on one site. The recommended
WAN connection is then Ethernet. An Ethernet switch (not provided by Kerlink) is used to
interface all the gateways.

Figure 3 : Multi-station installation (No USIM)

2.1.6.4 USIM card

The USIM card is mandatory to establish the 4G/3G/2G communications.
The USIM card to be used with the Wirnet gateways shall be a 2FF format (Mini-SIM).
KERLINK recommends the usage of a M2M UICC compliant with 3GPP TS 102.671. It offers
then a better temperature operating range, improved data retention and increased number
of UPDATE commands.

The Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular embeds an MFF2 eUICC with BICS profile, to provide worldwide
LTE-M/NB-IoT/GPRS connectivity.

2.1.6.5 Preparing the configuration of the backhaul

The Wirnet gateways are configured through a web interface, in addition to the command-
line interface which is used through the serial port or SSH connection.
To access the web interface, consult the Kerlink Wiki and contact KERLINK support for more
information and to get the credentials.
The easiest way to connect the Wirnet gateway is to address it by host name. The host name
includes six (or eight for Wirnet Station) hexadecimal digits from the serial number of the

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gateways (identified as XXXXXX or YYYYYYYY below). Therefore, it is essential to have the serial
number of the gateway to configure it.

The host names of the connections for the different gateways are detailed in the following
table:
Gateway designation Connection host name Serial number to be used
wirgrid_YYYYYYYY (up to firmware V3.1)
Wirnet Station Gateway ID
wirnet_YYYYYYYY (from firmware V3.2)
Wirnet iStation klk-wiis-XXXXXX Board ID
Wirnet iBTS Compact klk-lpbs-XXXXXX CPU module ID
Wirnet iBTS klk-lpbs-XXXXXX CPU module ID
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway klk-lpbs-XXXXXX CPU module ID
Wirnet iFemtoCell klk-wifc-XXXXXX Board ID
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution klk-fevo-XXXXXX Board ID
Wirnet iZeptocell Ethernet klk-zeth-XXXXXX Gateway EUI
Wirnet iZeptocell Cellular klk-zcel-XXXXXX Gateway EUI

The serial numbers are located on the sticker of the gateways.

For example, the host name of the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell is “klk-wifc-xxxxxx” where xxxxxx is the
end of the board ID. The board ID is located on the sticker placed on the rear side of the
product. Here, board ID is 704BEc030178, so xxxxxx is 030178.

Figure 4: Wirnet iFemtoCell Board ID

For Wirnet iBTS family, the host name of the gateway is “klk-lpbs-xxxxxx” where xxxxxx is the
end of the CPU module ID. The CPU module ID is located on the sticker placed on the top side
of the CPU module, inside the enclosure. Here, CPU module ID is 623ATd04011F, so xxxxxx is
04011F.

Figure 5: Wirnet IBTS Board ID

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For the Wirnet Station, the host name of the gateway is “wirnet_YYYYYYYY” or
“wirgrid_YYYYYYYY” where YYYYYYYY is the end of the gateway ID. The gateway ID is located
on the sticker placed inside the enclosure. Here, gateway ID is 0x80604A1, so YYYYYYYY is
080604A1.

Figure 6: Wirnet Station Board ID

The network bearer can be chosen among Ethernet, 2G/3G/4G and Wi-Fi, according to the
available backhauling options of the LoRaWAN gateway. The configuration parameters are:
• Ethernet:
o IPv4 mode: Automatic (DHCP) or Manual (static) or OFF (disabled)
o IPv4 address (if static mode)
o IPv4 Gateway address & network mask
o IPv4 DNS resolver
• 2G/3G/4G:
o USIM pin code
o APN
o Login
o Password
• Wi-Fi:
o SSID
o Password
o Scanning (SSID, RSSI)

2.1.7 Power Supply

Depending on the LoRaWAN gateways, several power supply options are available:
Gateway designation DC supply PoE Supply Internal battery
Wirnet Station 11V-30V Yes Yes
Wirnet iStation 5V nominal (USB-C) Yes Yes
Wirnet iBTS Compact 11V-56V Yes Yes
Wirnet iBTS 11V-56V Yes Yes
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway 11V-56V Yes Yes
Wirnet iFemtoCell 5.5V-17V / 12V nominal No No
5.5V-17V / 12V nominal
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution No No
5V nominal (USB-C)
Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet 5V nominal (USB) No No
Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular 5V nominal (USB) No No

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The internal backup batteries provide about 1-minute autonomy allowing safe power down.

2.1.7.1 PoE injectors

Several PoE injectors are available for the LoRaWAN gateways. The choice of the PoE injectors
depends mainly on the output power (15W, 30W or 60W), the environment (indoor/outdoor)
and the input voltage (DC or mains supply).

The different PoE injectors are listed below:

PoE
Indoor /
PoE designation POE standard Input supply output Kerlink PN
Outdoor
power
PoE injector 15W indoor – EU version IEEE 802.3af 100-240V AC 15W Indoor KLK02109
PoE injector 15W indoor – US version IEEE 802.3af 100-240V AC 15W Indoor KLK02524
IEEE 802.3at
PoE injector 30W indoor – EU version 100-240V AC 30W Indoor KLK02681
IEEE 802.3af
IEEE 802.3at
PoE injector 30W indoor – US version 100-240V AC 30W Indoor KLK02765
IEEE 802.3af
36V-72V DC
PoE injector 30W indoor IEEE 802.3at 30W Indoor KLK02855
48V DC nom.
IEEE 802.3at
PoE injector 30W outdoor 100-240V AC 30W Outdoor KLK02953
IEEE 802.3af
IEEE 802.3at
PoE injector 60W indoor – EU version 100-240V AC 60W Indoor KLK02744
IEEE 802.3af
IEEE 802.3at
PoE injector 60W indoor – US version 100-240V AC 60W Indoor KLK02766
IEEE 802.3af
IEEE 802.3at 36V-60V DC
PoE injector 60W indoor 60W Indoor KLK02863
IEEE 802.3af 48V DC nom.
IEEE 802.3at
PoE injector 60W outdoor 100-240V AC 60W Outdoor KLK02954
IEEE 802.3af
IEEE 802.3at 36V-60V DC
PoE injector 60W outdoor 60W Outdoor KLK02879
IEEE 802.3af 48V DC nom.

The recommended PoE injectors depending on the LoRaWAN gateways are detailed below:
Recommended indoor Recommended outdoor
Gateway designation
PoE supply PoE supply
Wirnet Station 868 KLK02109
KLK02953
Wirnet Station 923 KLK02855
KLK02524
Wirnet Station 915 KLK02953
KLK02855
Wirnet iStation 868 KLK02109
KLK02953
Wirnet iStation 923 KLK02855
KLK02524
Wirnet iStation 915 KLK02953
KLK02855
Wirnet iBTS Compact 868 KLK02681 KLK02953
Wirnet iBTS Compact 923 KLK02855
KLK02765 KLK02953
Wirnet iBTS Compact 915
KLK02855
Wirnet iBTS 868 KLK02744 KLK02954
Wirnet iBTS 923 KLK02863 KLK02879

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KLK02766 KLK02954
Wirnet iBTS 915
KLK02863 KLK02879
KLK02766 KLK02954
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway
KLK02863 KLK02879
Wirnet iFemtoCell N/A N/A
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution N/A N/A
Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet N/A N/A
Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular N/A N/A

2.1.7.2 PoE/USB splitter

The Wirnet™ iZeptoCell can be supplied by PoE using a PoE/USB splitter (KLK03566).
The main characteristics of the KLK03566 PoE/USB splitter are detailed below:
Description Specification
Standard IEEE802.3af/at PoE
Data & Power INPUT Port RJ45 female
Data transfer 10/100Mbps
Input Voltage Range 44V DC to 57VDC
Power Pin used 1/2(+/-), 3/6(-/+) or 4/5(+), 7/8(-)
Power OUTPUT Port USB TYPE A Female
Power output voltage 5V DC
Power output current 2A
Data Output Port RJ45 male
Data output cable type Cat 5e
Data and DC cable lengths 20cm
Color White
Kerlink PN KLK03366
Picture

5 4

2
1

Gateways compatibility Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet

Wirnet iZeptocell Cellular (only DC supply is used)

2.1.7.3 Isolated DC/DC supply

Isolated DC/DC supplies are required when the gateway is supplied by external -48V DC supply
for instance. The isolated DC/DC supplied shall be inserted between the -48V supply and the
DC input of the gateway. Two references are available depending on the output power:

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Input Output Indoor /

Isolated DC/DC supply designation Power Kerlink PN
Voltage Voltage Outdoor
Isolated 48V DC/DC 40W 48V 48V 40W Indoor KLK02898
Isolated 48V DC/DC 60W 48V 48V 60W Indoor KLK02882

The recommended isolated DC/DC supplies, depending on the LoRaWAN gateways are
detailed below:
Gateway designation Recommended DC/DC supply
Wirnet Station KLK02898
Wirnet iStation N/A
Wirnet iBTS Compact KLK02898
Wirnet iBTS KLK02882
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway KLK02882
Wirnet iFemtoCell N/A
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution N/A
Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet N/A
Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular N/A

2.1.7.4 AC/DC power supplies

AC/DC power supplies are provided with the indoor LoRaWAN gateways. Several versions are
available depending on the targeted countries:
Input Input Output Output
AC/DC supply designation Power Color Kerlink PN
Voltage plug Voltage plug
Switching AC/DC power supply
90-264V AC EU 12V DC 2.5x5.5mm 6W Black KLK02889
– EU version
Switching AC/DC power supply
90-264V AC US 12V DC 2.5x5.5mm 6W Black KLK02890
– US version
Switching AC/DC power supply Multi-
90-264V AC 12V DC 2.5x5.5mm 6W White KLK03503
with interchangeable plugs blades
Switching AC/DC power supply Multi-
90-264V AC 5V DC USB-A 5W White KLK03531
with interchangeable plugs blades
Switching AC/DC power supply Multi-
90-264V AC 5V DC USB-A 12W White KLK03532
with interchangeable plugs blades

The recommended AC/DC supplies, depending on the LoRaWAN gateways are detailed below:
Gateway designation Recommended AC/DC supply
Wirnet iFemtoCell 868 KLK03503 / KLK02889
Wirnet iFemtoCell 915 KLK03503 / KLK02890
Wirnet iFemtoCell 923 KLK03503
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution 868 KLK03503
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution 915 KLK03503
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution 923 KLK03503
Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet 800 KLK03531
Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet 900 KLK03531
Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular 800 KLK03532
Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular 900 KLK03532

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2.1.7.5 Photovoltaic system

A photovoltaic system, including a solar panel, a solar converter or UPS, and a battery, can be
interfaced to the external DC input of the LoRaWAN gateways.
The dimensioning of the PV system shall consider the recommended DC input voltages and
nominal power consumption of the gateways, according to the table below:
Gateway designation DC supply input Solar system voltage Nominal power
24V
Wirnet Station 11V-30V 4W
(12V)
Wirnet iStation 5.0V 12V(*) 5W
24V
Wirnet iBTS Compact 11V-56V 10W
(12V)
10W (1 LoRa Module)
24V 18W (2 LoRa Modules)
Wirnet iBTS 11V-56V
(12V) 24W (3 LoRa Modules)
30W (4 LoRa Modules)
24V
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway 11V-56V 28W
(12V)
Wirnet iFemtoCell 5.5V-17V 12V 4W
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution 5.5V-17V 12V 3W
Wirnet iZeptocell Ethernet 5.0V 12V (*) 1W
Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular 5.0V 12V (*) 3W
(*): requires DC/DC to convert 12V DC to 5V DC.

2.1.7.6 UPS
Uninterrupted Power Supplies are available for indoor LoRaWAN gateways. Two versions can
be provided depending on the targeted autonomy:
Characteristics Nano UPS Mini UPS
Input voltage 100-240 VAC 230VAC +/-15%
Input plug Europlug CEE 7/16 Europlug CEE 7/7
Output voltage 12V DC 13.6V DC
Output plug 5.5x2.5mm 5.5x2.5mm
Battery capacity 6Ah (3.6V) 7Ah (12V)
Kerlink PN KLK03374 ACCIOT-UPS01 (KLK03375)

The corresponding autonomy, depending on the LoRaWAN gateways are detailed below:
Gateway designation Nano UPS (KLK03374) Mini UPS (ACCIOT-UPS01 / KLK03375)
Wirnet iFemtoCell 4-5 hours 20-24 hours
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution 4-5 hours 20-24 hours

2.1.8 Antennas

2.1.8.1 GNSS antennas

Kerlink can provide the following GNSS antennas for the LoRaWAN gateways:

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Kerlink antenna
GNSS antenna type Mounting type Kerlink PN
bracket PN
Active GNSS dome antenna
Deported
5meters RG58 coaxial cable KLK02659 KLK02692
Bracket for dome antenna
N male connector
Combo dome antenna
Active GNSS and LTE 700-2700MHz Deported
KLK02735 KLK02692
5meters RG58 coaxial cables Bracket for dome antenna
N male connectors
Active GPS dome antenna
Deported
High immunity to interferences KLK03044 KLK02692
Bracket for dome antenna
N female connector
Passive GNSS mushroom antenna Mounted on gateway
KLK03204 N/A
N male connector N connector
Passive GNSS dome antenna
Deported
5meters RG58 coaxial cable KLK03217 KLK02692
Bracket for dome antenna
N male connector

The recommended external GNSS antennas depending on the LoRaWAN gateways are
detailed below:
Gateway designation GNSS antenna Recommended external GNSS antenna
Wirnet Station Internal / Passive N/A
Wirnet iStation Internal / Passive N/A
Wirnet iBTS Compact Internal / Passive N/A
KLK02659
Wirnet iBTS External
KLK03217
KLK02659
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway External
KLK03217
Wirnet iFemtoCell N/A N/A
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution N/A N/A
Wirnet iZeptocell Ethernet N/A N/A
Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular N/A N/A

2.1.8.2 LTE antennas

Kerlink can provide the following LTE antennas for the LoRaWAN gateways:
Kerlink antenna
LTE antenna type Mounting type Kerlink PN
bracket PN
Combo dome antenna
Active GNSS and LTE 700-2700MH Deported
KLK02735 KLK02692
5meters RG58 coaxial cables Bracket for dome antenna
N male connectors
Dome antenna
LTE 700-2700MHz Deported
KLK02734 KLK02692
5meters RG58 coaxial cable Bracket for dome antenna
N male connector
Dome antenna
LTE 700-2700MHz Deported
KLK02810 KLK02692
5meters CS29 coaxial cable Bracket for dome antenna
N male connector

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Candle antenna
Mounted on gateway
LTE 700-2700MHz KLK03285 N/A
N connector
N male connector

The recommended external LTE antennas depending on the LoRaWAN gateways are detailed
below:
Gateway designation LTE antenna Recommended external LTE antenna
Wirnet Station Internal N/A
Wirnet iStation Internal N/A
Wirnet iBTS Compact Internal N/A
KLK02810
Wirnet iBTS External
KLK03285
KLK02810
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway External
KLK03285
Wirnet iFemtoCell N/A N/A
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution Internal N/A
Wirnet iZeptocell Ethernet N/A N/A
Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular Internal

2.1.8.3 LoRa antennas

Kerlink can provide the following LoRa external antennas for the LoRaWAN gateways:
Kerlink coaxial Kerlink antenna
LoRa antenna type Mounting type Kerlink PN
cable PN bracket PN
868MHz, 3dBi
Deported
Omnidirectional dipole antenna KLK02124 KLK02460 KLK02453
Kerlink Universal Bracket
N female connector
868MHz, 3dBi
Mounted on gateway
Omnidirectional dipole antenna KLK03198 N/A N/A
N connector
N male connector
868MHz, 6dBi
Deported
Omnidirectional dipole array antenna KLK02947 KLK02460 KLK02453
Kerlink Universal Bracket
N female connector
868MHz, 6dBi
Deported
Omnidirectional dipole array antenna KLK02373 KLK02460 N/A
Bracket for pole mount
N female connector
868MHz, 9dBi
Deported
Omnidirectional dipole array antenna KLK02374 KLK02460 N/A
Bracket for pole mount
N female connector
868MHz, 6dBi
Deported
Panel antenna KLK02382 KLK02460 N/A
Bracket for pole mount
N female connector
868MHz, 9dBi
Deported
Panel antenna KLK02383 KLK02460 N/A
Bracket for pole mount
N female connector
868MHz, 12dBi
Deported
Panel antenna KLK02375 KLK02460 N/A
Bracket for pole mount
N female connector
915MHz, 3dBi
Deported
Omnidirectional dipole antenna KLK02658 KLK02460 KLK02453
Kerlink Universal Bracket
N female connector

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915MHz, 3dBi
Mounted on gateway
Omnidirectional dipole antenna KLK03199 N/A N/A
N connector
N male connector
915MHz, 6dBi
Deported
Omnidirectional dipole array antenna KLK02648 KLK02460 KLK02453
Kerlink Universal Bracket
N female connector
915MHz, 6dBi
Deported
Omnidirectional dipole array antenna KLK02518 KLK02460 N/A
Bracket for pole mount
N female connector
915MHz, 9dBi
Deported
Omnidirectional dipole array antenna KLK03456 KLK02460 N/A
Bracket for pole mount
N female connector
Dual band 868/915MHz, 3dBi
Deported
Omnidirectional dipole antenna KLK03196 KLK02460 KLK02453
Kerlink Universal Bracket
N female connector
Dual band 868/915MHz, 3dBi
Mounted on gateway
Omnidirectional dipole antenna KLK03197 N/A N/A
N connector
N male connector
Dual band 868/915MHz, 6dBi
Deported
Omnidirectional dipole array antenna KLK03195 KLK02460 KLK02453
Kerlink Universal Bracket
N female connector
Dual band 868/915MHz, 3dBi
Mounted on gateway
Omnidirectional swivel antenna KLK02843 N/A N/A
SMA connector
SMA male connector
Dual band 868/915MHz, 3dBi
Mounted on gateway
Omnidirectional swivel antenna KLK02887 N/A N/A
RP-SMA connector
RP-SMA male connector

The recommended LoRa antenna depending on the LoRaWAN gateways are detailed below:
Gateway designation LoRa antenna Recommended external LoRa antenna
KLK02124
KLK02947
Wirnet Station 868 External
KLK02373
KLK02374
Wirnet Station 915 KLK02658
KLK02648
External
KLK02518
KLK03456
Wirnet Station 923 KLK02658
KLK02648
External
KLK02518
KLK03456
KLK03198
KLK02124
Wirnet iStation 868 Internal1 / External KLK02947
KLK02373
KLK02374

1
Internal antenna gain is 2.5dBi max, 0dBi mean

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KLK03199
KLK02658
Wirnet iStation 915 Internal2 / External KLK02648
KLK02518
KLK03456
KLK03199
KLK02658
Wirnet iStation 923 Internal3 / External KLK02648
KLK02518
KLK03456
External KLK02124
KLK02947
Wirnet iBTS Compact 868
KLK02373
KLK02374
External KLK02648
Wirnet iBTS Compact 915 KLK02518
KLK03456
External KLK02658
KLK02648
Wirnet iBTS Compact 923
KLK02518
KLK03456
KLK02947
KLK02373
KLK02374
Wirnet iBTS 868 External
KLK02382
KLK02383
KLK02375
KLK02648
Wirnet iBTS 915 External KLK02518
KLK03456
KLK02648
Wirnet iBTS 923 External KLK02518
KLK03456
KLK02648
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway External KLK02518
KLK03456
Wirnet iFemtoCell 868 External KLK02843
Wirnet iFemtoCell 915 External KLK02887
Wirnet iFemtoCell 923 External KLK02887
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution 868 External KLK02843
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution 915 External KLK02887
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution 923 External KLK02887
Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet 800 Internal N/A
Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet 900 Internal N/A
Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular 800 Internal N/A
Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular 900 Internal N/A

Connection between the LoRa antenna and the gateway requires coaxial cable KLK02460
(LMR195, 1meter, N male connectors).

2
Internal antenna gain is 2.5dBi max, 0dBi mean
3
Internal antenna gain is 2.5dBi max, 0dBi mean

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Beware: connection of external antennas KLK03198 and KLK03199 to Wirnet iStation 868, 915
or 923 requires an N male - N female adapter (KLK03443). This is recommended for Wirnet
iStation with product ID including “a01”, “b02”, “c03”, and “d04”. Versions “e05” and later do
not require such adapter.

As detailed in “[2] AN-KLK03356 - LoRaWAN gateways coverage optimization”, the gateway

antenna gain shall be therefore adjusted depending on:
• The gateway maximum conducted power.
• The feeder losses including coaxial cable, lightning surge insertion losses and cavity
filter losses.
• The maximum allowed EIRP, according to the local regulation.

The following antenna gain are then recommended for different use cases:
Gateway max Max EIRP Recommended
Feeder losses
conducted power (local regulation) antenna gain
≤27dBm ≤30dBm ≤1dB 3dBi (6dBi)
≤27dBm ≤30dBm ≥3dB 6dBi
≤27dBm ≥36dBm ≤1dB 9dBi
≤27dBm ≥36dBm ≥3 dB 12dBi
≤30dBm ≤30dBm ≤1dB 3dBi (6dBi)
≤30dBm ≤30dBm ≥3dB 6dBi
≤30dBm ≥36dBm ≤1dB 6dBi
≤30dBm ≥36dBm ≥3 dB 9dBi

Also, when choosing the antenna, the following criteria shall be considered:
• Size, weight and easy installation:
A 3dBi antenna is about 0.3m length and 0.3Kg weight.
A 12dBi antenna is about 3m length and 2Kg weight.
Installation constraints are obviously very different considering the two antennas.
• Cost:
A 3dBi antenna is a low-cost antenna (< 50 euros).
A 12dBi antenna cost could reach up to 200 euros.
Sometimes the rental cost of the installation site is linked to the size of the gateway
and therefore the size of the antenna. Increasing the size of the antenna would have a
huge impact on operational costs.
• Location of the end-devices:
Increasing the antenna gain helps to increase the coverage area, so the gateway can
receive end-devices located at long distances. However, the gain in maximized in the
horizon plan but gain at 220° elevation could be very low. A 3dBi gain antenna may
have a higher gain at 220° elevation compared to a 9dBi gain antenna. About 10 to
20dB gain difference could be obtained for specific directions or angles. This means,
for example, that a gateway would not be able to receive water meters in a 1m depth
pit, just below the tower, with a 9dBi gain antenna whereas it could be possible with a
3dBi antenna gain. At the same time, the gateway with 9dBi gain antenna would be
able to receive water meters at 10km distance whereas it would be impossible with
the 3dBi gain antenna.

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2.1.8.4 Brackets
As detailed in the previous paragraphs, the listed antennas require a bracket for mounting.
Some antennas are provided with their own mounting kit whereas others require an
additional bracket. Two types of brackets are available depending on the antenna format: one
for dome antennas (GNSS, LTE) and one for candle antennas (LoRa).
A notched V-shaped pole mounting kit including a notched V shaped plate and a U bolt with 2
nuts can be used in conjunction with the dome antenna bracket for pole mounting. The
maximum diameter of the pole is 60mm.
The antenna brackets are presented below with the corresponding antennas:
Antenna bracket Kerlink
Picture Mounting type Kerlink PN
description antenna PN
KLK02124
KLK02947
Universal bracket for Wall
KLK02658
omnidirectional Pole KLK02453
KLK02648
antenna Strapping
KLK03196
KLK03195
KLK02659
KLK02735
Wall KLK03044
Dome antenna
Pole KLK02692 KLK03217
bracket
Strapping KLK02735
KLK02734
KLK02810

Notched V shaped Pole

KLK02168 KLK02692
pole mounting kit (60mm max)

2.1.9 Cavity filters

In case of colocalization with other transmitters (LTE BS, etc.) a cavity filter may be required
to avoid desensitization. Kerlink has a complete portfolio of cavity filters to address worldwide
countries specificities, depending on:
- The cellular (LTE) bands colocalized with LoRaWAN gateway,
- The usable unlicensed band for LoRaWAN,
- The Regional Parameters to be used for LoRaWAN,
- Outdoor or indoor (embedded) versions depending on the gateways.

Usage of cavity filter, or no usage of cavity filter, depends on the configuration of the
installation, and also on the gateway RF filtering performance, mainly due to the guard band
between LTE band and LoRaWAN band.

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The following table summarizes the different configurations that may be encountered:
Outdoor Outdoor Outdoor
Indoor
colocalized urban suburban / rural
Gateway designation Private network Private network Private network
Public
Public network Public network Public network
network
extension extension extension
Wirnet Station O ✓ ✓ ✓
Wirnet iStation O ✓ ✓ ✓
Wirnet iBTS Compact ✓ O O
Wirnet iBTS ✓ O O
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway ✓ O O
Wirnet iFemtoCell ✓
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution ✓
Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet ✓
Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular ✓

✓: typical usage (recommended)

O: possible usage

Usage of cavity filter, or no usage of cavity filter, depends also on the emitters in the vicinity
of the gateway. Several types of LTE Base Station can be considered, depending on their
radiated output power:
• Wide Area Base Stations are characterized by requirements derived from Macro Cell
scenarios.
Wide Area BS are typically deployed in rural or suburban environments, with large cell
deployment. They are installed on high towers or above rooftops.
Output power may reach up to +48dBm and EIRP up to +68dBm.
• Medium Range Base Stations are characterized by requirements derived from Micro
Cell scenarios.
Medium range BS are typically deployed in urban or rural outdoor environments. They
are often installed on rooftops or embedded in street furniture such as lighting
fixtures, advertisement panels, bus shelters or street signs. They can also be deployed
to extend the mobile network coverage and capacity on a localized area, such as
isolated villages, industrial sites or emergency situations.
Output power is limited to +38dBm and EIRP may reach up to +58dBm.
In street furniture, the EIRP is limited to reduce Electromagnetic Fields for public health
purpose. We are going to consider for instance 43dm EIRP in this case. The BS are
considered as Small Range Base Stations in the following paragraphs.
• Local Area Base Stations are characterized by requirements derived from Pico Cell
scenarios.
Local Areas BS are typically deployed in indoor environments accessible to the general
public such as stations, airports, commercial centers.
Output power may reach up to +24dBm. The antenna gin is usually limited to 5dBi for
instance so EIRP may reach up to 30dBm.
Local Areas BS may not cause any interferences issues with LoRaWAN gateways. A few
meters separation distance would ensure no
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The different types of installations and also the several LTE BS are detailed in the following
paragraphs. For each use case, a minimum separation distance is recommended to avoid
desensitization of the LoRaWAN gateway. Cavity filter usage is also detailed when necessary.

See “[1] AN-KLK03355 - Improving radio coexistence performance of LoRaWAN gateways” for
further details.

2.1.9.1 First use case: outdoor / colocalized

This use case applies for:
• Public networks
• Installation on tower or mast
• Installation on roof top in urban or suburban areas
• Site is shared with other emitters (LTE BS, DVB-T, etc.…)
• Other emitters in the vicinity (close roof top, other mast, …)
• Gateway is installed at height greater than 10 meters
• Quasi direct Line of Sight between LTE BS and LoRaWAN gateway
Min Vertical Min Vertical Min
Min Horizontal
separation separation for Horizontal
Gateway designation separation for Recommendation
for Wide Medium separation for
Medium Range
Area BS Range BS Wide Area BS
Wirnet Station 868 2m 2m 300m 300m Cavity filter
Wirnet Station 915 1m 1m 150m 40m Cavity filter
Wirnet Station 923 Cavity filter +
100m 40m 10km 7km
Guard band <2MHz increase guard band
Wirnet Station 923 Cavity filter +
7m 2.5m 1500m 400m
Guard band <5MHz increase guard band t
Wirnet Station 923
2m 2m 300m 300m Cavity filter
Guard band <10MHz
Wirnet iStation 868 2m 2m 300m 300m Cavity filter
Wirnet iStation 915 1m 1m 150m 40m Cavity filter
Wirnet iStation 923 Cavity filter +
100m 40m 10km 7km
Guard band <2MHz increase guard band
Wirnet iStation 923 Cavity filter +
7m 2.5m 1500m 400m
Guard band <5MHz increase guard band
Wirnet iStation 923
2m 2m 300m 300m Cavity filter
Guard band <10MHz
Wirnet iBTS Compact 868 1m 1m 150m 150m Cavity filter
Wirnet iBTS Compact 915 1m 1m 150m 40m Cavity filter
Wirnet iBTS Compact 923 Cavity filter +
100m 40m 10km 7km
Guard band <2MHz increase guard band
Wirnet iBTS Compact 923 Cavity filter +
7m 2.5m 1500m 400m
Guard band <5MHz increase guard band
Wirnet iBTS Compact 923
1.5m 1m 200m 150m Cavity filter
Guard band <10MHz
Wirnet iBTS 868 1m 1m 150m 150m Cavity filter
Wirnet iBTS 915 1m 1m 150m 40m Cavity filter
Wirnet iBTS 923 Cavity filter +
100m 40m 10km 7km
Guard band <2MHz increase guard band

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Wirnet iBTS 923 Cavity filter +

7m 2.5m 1500m 400m
Guard band <5MHz increase guard band
Wirnet iBTS 923
1.5m 1m 200m 150m Cavity filter
Guard band <10MHz
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway 1m 1m 150m 40m N/A

In all above uses cases, a cavity filter is required.

In APAC zone, a guard band of 2MHz min is required between LoRaWAN band and LTE DL
band.

Note: values in red are driven by out-of-band emissions of LTE BS. This means that
performance cannot be improved through a cavity filter, although the cavity filter is required
to address other issues. The minimum separation distance shall be met unless desensitization
of the LoRaWAN gateway. Out-of-band emissions of the LTE BS are driven by the performance
of their own cavity filter. This performance may vary depending on the LTE BS and is specific
to each site. Beware of the LTE BS installation characteristics and RF filters performance.

Note: usually Wide Area BS are not deployed in urban areas. Medium Range BS should be
considered instead. Wide Area BS column is applicable for suburban or rural areas only.

2.1.9.2 Second use case: outdoor / urban

This use case applies for:
• Private networks
• Public networks extension
• Installation in manufactory plant, warehouse, stores, …
• Installation on wall, balcony, …
• Installation in urban areas
• Site is not shared with other emitters (LTE BS, …)
• Gateway is installed at height less than 10 meters
• No direct Line of Sight between LTE BS and LoRaWAN gateway (obstacles)
Min separation Min separation for Min separation for
Gateway designation Recommendation
for Wide Area BS Medium Range BS Small Range BS
Wirnet Station 868 250m 100m 35m
Wirnet Station 915 400m 180m 75m
Wirnet Station 923 Cavity filter +
1000m 400m 100m
Guard band <2MHz increase guard band
Wirnet Station 923
250m 100m 25m Cavity filter
Guard band <5MHz
Wirnet Station 923
250m 100m 35m
Guard band <10MHz
Wirnet iStation 868 250m 100m 35m
Wirnet iStation 915 200m 100m 40m
Wirnet iStation 923 Cavity filter +
1000m 400m 100m
Guard band <2MHz increase guard band
Wirnet iStation 923
250m 100m 25m Cavity filter
Guard band <5MHz
Wirnet iStation 923
250m 100m 35m
Guard band <10MHz

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Wirnet iBTS Compact 868 150m 60m 25m

Wirnet iBTS Compact 915 400m 180m 75m
Wirnet iBTS Compact 923 Cavity filter +
1000m 400m 100m
Guard band <2MHz increase guard band
Wirnet iBTS Compact 923
250m 100m 25m Cavity filter
Guard band <5MHz
Wirnet iBTS Compact 923
150m 60m 25m
Guard band <10MHz
Wirnet iBTS 868 150m 60m 25m
Wirnet iBTS 915 400m 180m 75m
Wirnet iBTS 923 Cavity filter +
1000m 400m 100m
Guard band <2MHz increase guard band
Wirnet iBTS 923
250m 100m 25m Cavity filter
Guard band <5MHz
Wirnet iBTS 923
150m 60m 25m
Guard band <10MHz
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway 70m 40m 7m

A cavity filter is required for “923MHz” versions when the guard band between LoRaWAN
band and LTE DL band 8 is less than 5MHz.
In APAC zone, for “923MHz” versions, a guard band of 2MHz min is required between
LoRaWAN band and LTE DL band 8.
When the minimum separation distance cannot be guaranteed, then a cavity filter shall be
added.

Note: values in red are driven by out-of-band emissions of LTE BS. This means that
performance cannot be improved through a cavity filter, although the cavity filter is required
to address other issues. The minimum separation distance shall be met unless desensitization
of the LoRaWAN gateway. Out-of-band emissions of the LTE BS are driven by the performance
of their own cavity filter. This performance may vary depending on the LTE BS and is specific
to each site. Beware of the LTE BS installation characteristics and RF filters performance.

Note: usually Wide Area BS are not deployed in urban areas. The column is therefore mostly
for information here, except for specific use cases! Medium Range BS should be considered
instead.

2.1.9.3 Third use case: outdoor / suburban / rural

This use case applies for:
• Installation in suburban (not dense) or rural areas
• Private networks
• Public networks extension (suburban mainly)
• Installation in manufactory plant, warehouse, stores, farms, …
• Installation on wall, balcony, …
• Site is not shared with other emitters (LTE BS, …)
• Gateway is installed at height less than 10 meters
• Quasi direct Line of Sight between LTE BS and LoRaWAN gateway (few obstacles)

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Min separation Min separation for Min separation for

Gateway designation Recommendation
for Wide Area BS Medium Range BS Small Range BS
Wirnet Station 868 900m 300m 60m
Wirnet Station 915
2500m 700m 200m
Rural installation
Wirnet Station 915
150m 40m 7m Cavity filter
Suburban installation
Wirnet Station 923 Cavity filter +
4500m 1700m 150m
Guard band <2MHz increase guard band
Wirnet Station 923
1200m 400m 35m Cavity filter
Guard band <5MHz
Wirnet Station 923
250m 100m 35m
Guard band <10MHz
Wirnet iStation 868 900m 300m 60m
Wirnet iStation 915
1000m 300m 60m
Rural installation
Wirnet iStation 915
150m 40m 7m Cavity filter
Suburban installation
Wirnet iStation 923 Cavity filter +
4500m 1700m 150m
Guard band <2MHz increase guard band
Wirnet iStation 923
1200m 400m 35m Cavity filter
Guard band <5MHz
Wirnet iStation 923
900m 300m 60m
Guard band <10MHz
Wirnet iBTS Compact 868 300m 160m 35m
Wirnet iBTS Compact 915
2500m 700m 200m
Rural installation
Wirnet iBTS Compact 915
150m 40m 7m Cavity filter
Suburban installation
Wirnet iBTS Compact 923 Cavity filter +
4500m 1700m 150m
Guard band <2MHz increase guard band
Wirnet iBTS Compact 923
1200m 400m 35m Cavity filter
Guard band <5MHz
Wirnet iBTS Compact 923
300m 160m 35m
Guard band <10MHz
Wirnet iBTS 868 300m 160m 35m
Wirnet iBTS 915
2500m 700m 200m
Rural installation
Wirnet iBTS 915
150m 40m 7m Cavity filter
Suburban installation
Wirnet iBTS 923 Cavity filter +
4500m 1700m 150m
Guard band <2MHz increase guard band
Wirnet iBTS 923
1200m 400m 35m Cavity filter
Guard band <5MHz
Wirnet iBTS 923
300m 160m 35m
Guard band <10MHz
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway 100m 40m 7m

For “915MHz” versions, a cavity filter is recommended in suburban environments as the

minimum separation distance could be hardy achieved. In rural environments separation
distance could be easier to achieve, so the cavity filter could be omitted.

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For “923MHz” versions, a cavity filter is required when the guard band between LoRaWAN
band and LTE DL band 8 is less than 5MHz. A guard band of less than 2MHz shall be avoided.
These use cases typically apply in APAC zone.
When the minimum separation distance cannot be guaranteed, then a cavity filter shall be
added.

Note: values in red are driven by out-of-band emissions of LTE BS. This means that
performance cannot be improved through a cavity filter, although the cavity filter is required
to address other issues. The minimum separation distance shall be met unless desensitization
of the LoRaWAN gateway. Out-of-band emissions of the LTE BS are driven by the performance
of their own cavity filter. This performance may vary depending on the LTE BS and is specific
to each site. Beware of the LTE BS installation characteristics and RF filters performance.

2.1.9.4 Fourth use case: indoor

For indoor configurations, no cavity filter is recommended.
In APAC zone, for “923MHz” versions, a guard band of 2MHz min is required between
LoRaWAN band and LTE DL band.

2.1.9.5 Outdoor cavity filters

The main characteristics of the outdoor cavity filters are the following:
Insertion LoRaWAN
Part Targeted rejected Targeted
Band pass (MHz) Losses Regional
Number band (MHz) countries
(dB) Parameters
Bangladesh
AS923-1
885–915MHz Hong-Kong
KLK02522 920–925MHz 2.0 AS923-2
930–960MHz Laos, Singapore
KR920
Taiwan, Thailand
KLK02523 865–867MHz 3.0 869–880MHz India IN865
Indonesia
Malaysia
AS923-1
880–915MHz Myanmar
KLK02905 918–923.5MHz 2.5 AS923-2
925–960MHz South Korea
KR920
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
Cuba
Israel AS923-3
KLK02906 915–920MHz 2.0 925–960MHz
Europe AS923-4
Philippines
Costa Rica AS923-1
890–915MHz Japan AS923-2
KLK02909 920–928MHz 2.0
935–960MHz New-Zealand KR920
Venezuela AU915
Europe
880–960MHz EU868
KLK03410 865–870MHz 0.8 Middle East
832–862MHz IN865
Africa

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Europe
EU868
791–821MHz Russia
KLK02916 863–874.4MHz 0.8 IN865
925–960MHz Middle East
RU864
Africa
US915
AS923-1
AS923-2
North America
KLK02973 902–928MHz 1.2 869–894MHz AS923-3
Central America
AS923-4
KR920
AU915
AS923-1
AS923-2
Australia
AS923-3
KLK03306 915–928MHz 2.0 935–960MHz New-Zealand
AS923-4
LATAM
KR920
AU915

The different outdoor cavity filters can be used in the Kerlink LoRaWAN gateways as follows:

Outdoor cavity
Gateway designation Gateway Reference
filter compatibility
KLK02523
PDTIOT-ISS00
Wirnet Station 868 KLK03410
PDTKLK-ISS0005
KLK02916
KLK02522
KLK02905
KLK02906
Wirnet Station 915 PDTIOT-ISS01
KLK02909
KLK02973
KLK03306
KLK02522
KLK02905
Wirnet Station 923 PDTIOT-ISS02
KLK02909
KLK03306
KLK02523
Wirnet iStation 868 PDTIOT-ISS04 KLK03410
KLK02916
Wirnet iStation 915 PDTIOT-ISS05 KLK02973
KLK02522
KLK02905
Wirnet iStation 923 PDTIOT-ISS06 KLK02906
KLK02909
KLK03306
PDTIOT-MCS01 KLK02523
Wirnet iBTS Compact 868 PDTIOT-MCS02 KLK03410
PDTIOT-MCS18 KLK02916

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KLK02522
KLK02905
PDTIOT-MCS11 KLK02906
Wirnet iBTS Compact 915
PDTIOT-MCS12 KLK02909
KLK02973
KLK03306
PDTIOT-MCS09 KLK02522
PDTIOT-MCS10 KLK02905
Wirnet iBTS Compact 923
PDTIOT-MCS15 KLK02909
PDTIOT-MCS19 KLK03306
PDTIOT-MSS01
KLK02523
PDTIOT-MSS02
Wirnet iBTS 868 KLK03410
PDTIOT-MSS03
KLK02916
PDTIOT-MSS04
KLK02522
KLK02905
PDTIOT-MSS05 KLK02906
Wirnet iBTS 915
PDTIOT-MSS06 KLK02909
KLK02973
KLK03306
PDTIOT-MSS07
PDTIOT-MSS08
PDTIOT-MSS11 KLK02522
PDTIOT-MSS12 KLK02905
Wirnet iBTS 923
PDTIOT-MSS13 KLK02909
PDTIOT-MSS14 KLK03306
PDTIOT-MSS16
PDTIOT-MSS17
PDTIOT-MSS20
PDTIOT-MSS21
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway N/A
PDTIOT-MSS22
PDTIOT-MSS23
PDTIOT-IFE00
Wirnet iFemtoCell PDTIOT-IFE01 N/A
PDTIOT-IFE02
PDTIOT-IFE03
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution PDTIOT-IFE04 N/A
PDTIOT-IFE05
PDTIOT-IZEE800
PDTIOT-IZEE900
Wirnet iZeptoCell N/A
PDTIOT-IZEC800
PDTIOT-IZEC900

2.1.9.6 Embedded cavity filters

Embedded cavity filters can be inserted in the LoRaWAN gateways. Two types of embedded
cavity filters are available:
• Band pass filters for half-duplex, single band gateways
• Duplexers for full-duplex or dual-band gateways

The specific characteristics of the embedded band-pass cavity filters are the following:

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Part Band pass Insertion Targeted rejected Targeted LoRaWAN Regional

Number (MHz) Losses (dB) band (MHz) countries Parameters
AS923-1
AS923-2
Australia
AS923-3
KLK03133 915–928MHz 2.2 935–960MHz New-Zealand
AS923-4
LATAM
KR920
AU915
Bangladesh
Hong-Kong AS923-1
885–915MHz
KLK03134 920–925MHz 2.2 Laos, Sri Lanka AS923-2
930–960MHz
Singapore KR920
Taiwan, Thailand
Costa Rica AS923-1
890–915MHz Japan AS923-2
KLK03135 920–928MHz 2.2
935–960MHz New-Zealand KR920
Venezuela AU915
Indonesia
Malaysia AS923-1
880–915MHz
KLK03136 918–923.5MHz 3.0 Myanmar AS923-2
925–960MHz
South Korea KR920
Vietnam
Cuba
Israel AS923-3
KLK03137 915–921MHz 2.5 925–960MHz
Europe AS923-4
Philippines

The specific characteristics of the embedded cavity duplexers are the following:
Part Insertion Targeted rejected Targeted LoRaWAN Regional
Band pass (MHz)
Number Losses (dB) band (MHz) countries Parameters
KLK03042 902–915MHz 1.5 North America
869–894MHz US915
(dual) 923–928MHz 1.7 Central America
902–915MHz 1.5 North America
KLK03078 869–894MHz US915
923–928MHz 1.7 Central America
902–915MHz 1.5 North America
KLK03106 869–894MHz US915
923–928MHz 1.7 Central America
Europe EU868
791–862MHz
865–874MHz 2.1 Russia RU864
KLK03107 880–915MHz
916–921MHz 3.8 Middle East AS923-3
925–960MHz
Africa AS923-4
869–880MHz IN865
865–867MHz 4.4 India
KLK03132 880-915MHz AS923-1
918–923.5MHz 4.0 APAC
925–960MHz AS923-1
915–920MHz 3.6 880-915MHz LATAM
KLK03425 AU915
923–928MHz 3.6 925–960MHz Oceania

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The different embedded cavity filters (band-pass and duplexers) can be used in the Kerlink
LoRaWAN gateways as follows:
Embedded cavity
Gateway designation Gateway Reference
filter compatibility
PDTIOT-ISS00
PDTIOT-ISS01
Wirnet Station N/A
PDTIOT-ISS02
PDTKLK-ISS0005
PDTIOT-ISS04
Wirnet iStation PDTIOT-ISS05 N/A
PDTIOT-ISS06
PDTIOT-MCS01
PDTIOT-MCS02
PDTIOT-MCS09
PDTIOT-MCS10
Wirnet iBTS Compact PDTIOT-MCS11 N/A
PDTIOT-MCS12
PDTIOT-MCS15
PDTIOT-MCS18
PDTIOT-MCS19
PDTIOT-MSS01
PDTIOT-MSS02 KLK03107
Wirnet iBTS 868
PDTIOT-MSS03 KLK03132
PDTIOT-MSS04
PDTIOT-MSS05
Wirnet iBTS 915 KLK03106
PDTIOT-MSS06
PDTIOT-MSS07
KLK03132
PDTIOT-MSS08
KLK03133
PDTIOT-MSS11
KLK03134
PDTIOT-MSS12
Wirnet iBTS 923 KLK03135
PDTIOT-MSS13
KLK03136
PDTIOT-MSS14
KLK03137
PDTIOT-MSS16
KLK03425
PDTIOT-MSS17
PDTIOT-MSS20
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway KLK03078
PDTIOT-MSS22
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway (dual) PDTIOT-MSS21 KLK03042
PDTIOT-MSS23
PDTIOT-IFE00
Wirnet iFemtoCell PDTIOT-IFE01 N/A
PDTIOT-IFE02
PDTIOT-IFE03
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution PDTIOT-IFE04 N/A
PDTIOT-IFE05
PDTIOT-IZEE800
Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet N/A
PDTIOT-IZEE900
PDTIOT-IZEC800
Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular N/A
PDTIOT-IZEC900

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2.1.10 Lightning protections

In their standard configuration, the Kerlink gateways are provided with optimal internal surge
protections. In harsh environment, additional protections may be used to improve lightning
immunity. The gateways are not warranted by KERLINK in case of deterioration due to
lightning. KERLINK recommends adding surge protections in high keraunic levels areas and on
high points.
The lightning surge protections shall be completed on three interfaces to be efficient:
- Mains supply (or DC supply)
- Ethernet (PoE) cable
- RF coaxial cable (antenna interfaces)
A lightning rod, or LPS system, with a down conductor to earth is strongly recommended for
this kind of applications, to avoid direct impacts on the aerials (antennas and gateway).

See “[3] AN-KLK03358 - LoRaWAN gateways lightning protection” for further details.

The list of recommended lightning surge protections is summarized in the following table:

Lightning surge protection type Reference Supplier Kerlink PN

RF coaxial for GNSS, LTE antenna port P8AX09-6G-N/MF CITEL KLK02819
RF coaxial for LoRaWAN antenna port PRC822S-N/MF CITEL KLK02900
Indoor PoE MJ8-POE-A CITEL KLK02818
PD-OUT/SP11 Microsemi KLK02817
Outdoor PoE
CWMJ8-POE-C6A CITEL KLK03639
DC 1 pole DS71R-48DC CITEL KLK02881
DC 2 poles DS72R-48DC CITEL KLK02880

The following table indicates the compatibility of the different lightning surge protection
versus the Kerlink gateways:

Gateway Gateway KLK02817

KLK02819 KLK02900 KLK02818 KLK02881 KLK02880
designation Reference KLK03639
PDTIOT-ISS00
Wirnet PDTIOT-ISS01 LoRa RF
No Yes Yes External External
Station PDTIOT-ISS02 port
PDTKLK-ISS0005
PDTIOT-ISS04
Wirnet LoRa RF
PDTIOT-ISS05 No Yes Yes N/A N/A
iStation port
PDTIOT-ISS06
PDTIOT-MCS01
PDTIOT-MCS02
PDTIOT-MCS09
PDTIOT-MCS10
Wirnet iBTS LoRa RF
PDTIOT-MCS11 No Yes Yes Internal External
Compact port(s)
PDTIOT-MCS12
PDTIOT-MCS15
PDTIOT-MCS18
PDTIOT-MCS19

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PDTIOT-MSS01 Internal
PDTIOT-MSS02 Internal
PDTIOT-MSS03 Internal
PDTIOT-MSS04 Internal
PDTIOT-MSS05 Internal
PDTIOT-MSS06 LTE RF External
PDTIOT-MSS07 port LoRa RF Internal
Wirnet iBTS Yes Yes Internal
PDTIOT-MSS08 GNSS RF port(s) External
PDTIOT-MSS11 port Internal
PDTIOT-MSS12 Internal
PDTIOT-MSS13 Internal
PDTIOT-MSS14 Internal
PDTIOT-MSS16 Internal
PDTIOT-MSS17 Internal
PDTIOT-MSS20 LTE RF Internal
Wirnet iBTS PDTIOT-MSS21 port LoRa RF Internal
Yes Yes Internal
64 Highway PDTIOT-MSS22 GNSS RF port(s) External
PDTIOT-MSS23 port External
PDTIOT-IFE00
Wirnet LoRa RF
PDTIOT-IFE01 N/A Yes N/A N/A N/A
iFemtoCell port
PDTIOT-IFE02
Wirnet PDTIOT-IFE03
LoRa RF
iFemtoCell- PDTIOT-IFE04 N/A Yes N/A N/A N/A
port
evolution PDTIOT-IFE05
Wirnet
PDTIOT-IZEE800
iZeptoCell N/A N/A Yes N/A N/A N/A
PDTIOT-IZEE900
Ethernet
Wirnet
PDTIOT-IZEC800
iZeptoCell N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
PDTIOT-IZEC900
Cellular

For indoor gateways, the lightning surge protections are required only if the antenna or
Ethernet cable are deported outdoor. In a “full” indoor configuration, the lightning surge
protections are not required.

Beware: connection of coaxial lightning protection KLK02900 onto Wirnet iStation requires an
N male - N female adapter (KLK03443). This is recommended for Wirnet iStation with product
ID including “a01”, “b02”, “c03”, and “d04”. Versions “e05” and later do not require such
adapter.

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2.1.11 Cables

2.1.11.1 RF coaxial cables

Kerlink outdoor gateways are provided with a KLK02460 coaxial cable. This a 1m length
LMR195 coaxial cable equipped with 2 x N male IP68 connectors. The insertion losses are less
than 0.5dB at 900MHz.

If longer coaxial cables are required, low insertion losses references shall be used. Kerlink
recommend using LMR400 cables in this case. These cables are designed for 20-year service
outdoor use and has low insertion losses as shown below:

Figure 7 : LMR400 coaxial cable - attenuation vs. frequency

2.1.11.2 USB-A extension cable

A flexible USB extension cable, male to female, 2.8m length, can be provided to interface the
AC/DC supplies to the Wirnet™ iZeptoCell.
Two different versions are available:
- A standard version with single shield
- A reinforced shielded version with triple shield (external, data, supply).
This version is recommended for Ethernet over USB usage and /or in harsh EMC
environments.
The main characteristics are presented below:

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Characteristics Single shielding Reinforced shielding

Gender Male-Female
Connector 1 USB-A Male
Connector 2 USB-A Female
Standard USB 2.0
Cable Length 2.8 m
Color – Resin White
Lock to Mating Part Yes
Wire/Cable Type TPE UL 21104
Operating temperature 0 °C to +50 °C
Storage temperature -20 °C to +60 °C
Current – Maximum per Contact (VBUS, GND) 1.5A
Current – Maximum per other contacts 0.25A
Shielded Yes / Single Yes / Triple
Voltage – Maximum 30V DC
Kerlink PN KLK03536 KLK03559
Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet, Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular
Gateways compatibility
Wirnet iFemtoCell, Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution

Picture

2.1.11.3 USB-A to USB-C cable

A flexible USB-C to USB-A cable, male to female, 2.8m length, can be provided to supply to the
Wirnet™ iZeptoCell. The main characteristics are presented below:
Characteristics Cigarette Lighter cord Pictures
Connector A USB Type C-Male
Connector B USB Type A-Female
Standard USB 3.1
Cable Length 2.8m
Contacts 9
Lock to Mating Part Yes
Color – Resin White
Wire/Cable Type PVC
Operating temperature 0 °C to +50 °C
Storage temperature -20 °C to +60 °C
Current – Maximum per Contact (VBUS, GND) 3.0A
Current – Maximum per other contacts 0.25A
Shielded Yes / Triple shield
Voltage – Maximum 30V DC
Kerlink PN KLK03537
Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet
Gateways compatibility
Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular

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2.1.11.4 Ethernet cable

Ethernet cable is usually not provided with the Kerlink LoRaWAN outdoor gateways.
KERLINK recommends using an Ethernet cable with the following characteristics:
Characteristics Specification
Category 6A
Shielding STP (U/FTP) or SSTP (S/FTP)
Section conductors AWG26 or bigger
External jacket LSZH or PUR
Maximum length 100 meters
Operating temperature range -20°C to +60°C

KERLINK recommends the following reference:

TELEGARTNER AMJ 500 U/FTP 4x2x0.55 LSZH Cat. 6A IEC 600332-1
The Ethernet cable shall be provided with two RJ45 T 568A (or 568B) plugs on each side.

For Kerlink LoRaWAN indoor gateways, a 2.8m, Ethernet cable could be provided:
Characteristics Ethernet cable Pictures
Length 2.8m
Category Cat.6A / FFTP (F/FTP)
Wire gauge 26 AWG
Foil per pair / Overall foil to all
4 twisted pair
wires
Color – Resin White
Wire/Cable Type PVC
Shielded Yes
Conductor resistance at 20°C 139.76Ω/Km max
P1 Blue/White Blue
P2 Orange/White Orange
26AWG x 4P Color
P3 Green/White Green
P4 Brown/White Brown
Kerlink PN KLK03535
Wirnet iFemtoCell
Gateways compatibility Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution
Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet

2.1.11.5 Earthing cables

In case of outdoor gateways, several earthing cables, wires or tapes are required to connect
the installation and the materials to earth for lightning immunity and electrical security. The
earthing cables are not provided by KERLINK.

The earthing cables are detailed hereafter with recommended wires and sections:
Cable description Technical characteristics
Earthing of the Gateway mounting kit 25mm2, copper
Earthing of the antenna brackets (LoRa antenna, 25mm2, copper
GNSS antenna, LTE antenna)
Earthing of the RF coaxial surge protection 16mm2, copper

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Earthing of the Ethernet surge protection 16mm2, copper

Earthing of the DC surge protection 16mm2, copper
Earthing of the outdoor PoE injector 16mm2, copper

2.1.11.6 Cigarette lighter cord

An auto cigarette coil cord can be provided for installation of indoor gateways in vehicles.
The gateway can be then supplied by the auto power outlet.

The main characteristics of the cord are:

Characteristics Cigarette Lighter cord Pictures
Voltage 12V DC
Connector #1 Auto cigarette plug
Connector #2 5.5 x 2.5 mm plug
Output plug 5.5x2.5mm
Length 3.65m (12’)
Kerlink PN KLK03371
Gateways compatibility Wirnet iFemtoCell
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution

2.1.12 Debug probes

Debug probes are available for debug purpose and / or firmware upgrade. Several versions
are available depending on the LoRaWAN gateway:
Debug probe designation Kerlink PN Gateways compatibility
Wirnet Station
Wirgrid Debug Probe ACCIOT-SDE00
Wirnet iFemtoCell
Wirnet iStation
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution
Wirnet Debug Probe ACCIOT-SDE01
Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet
Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular
Wirnet iBTS Compact
Wirma Debug Probe ACCWM2-SDE00 Wirnet iBTS
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway

Wirnet Debug Probe (ACCIOT-SDE01) is the last version of debug probe to be used on the new
gateways and future gateways.

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2.1.13 Gateway management

In order to operate the LoRaWAN gateways, but also to enable the deployment and the
management of a private LoRaWAN networks at scale, a secure and scalable management
tool is required. Kerlink provides two solutions for our customers to operate their LoRaWAN
network according to their needs.

WANESY MANAGEMENT CENTER (WMC)

Wanesy Management Center is a very modular and complete solution providing you
Operating Support System (OSS), Base Station Controller (BSC), Radio Network Controller
(RNC), and LoRaWAN Network Server (LNS) features to run, monitor and manage your entire
IoT network. This solution is available in SaaS, “On premises” and even in NaaS mode.
Wanesy Management Center will allow you to speed-up deployments, to optimize operations
and maintenance in order to increase the QoS of your IoT network, and quickly monetize your
IoT services.
Based on the latest SW technology (docker, Kubernetes …) and on a very intuitive GUI (Graphic
User Interface), Wanesy Management Center will deliver powerful instant features and
dashboards to permanently monitor, analyze, manage and optimize your network
infrastructure (gateways) and radio performances.

WANESY SMALL PRIVATE NETWORK (SPN)

Based on its highly intuitive graphical user interface (GUI), Wanesy SPN allows users to speed-
up deployment, optimize network operation and maintenance, and quickly put their data to
work. As Wanesy SPN is fully integrated in the Wirnet gateways firmware, this eliminates the
need for cloud storage and a more complex network design.
The platform can support up to 20 Kerlink LoRaWAN Wirnet gateways.
Easy to configure, Wanesy SPN offers multiple options for backhaul, including Ethernet, Wi-Fi
or cellular.
Gateway designation WMC compatibility SPN compatibility
Wirnet Station ✓ ✓
Wirnet iStation ✓ ✓
Wirnet iBTS Compact ✓
Wirnet iBTS ✓
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway ✓
Wirnet iFemtoCell ✓ ✓
Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution ✓ ✓
Wirnet iZeptoCell ✓

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3 Outdoor gateways
The gateways shall be professionally installed.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
Read carefully the “User Manual – Quick Start Guide” of every LoRaWAN gateway for any
specificities.

3.1 Opening the enclosure

Before proceeding to the installation of the outdoor gateway, opening of the enclosure is
required for:
• insertion of the USIM card
• connection of the Ethernet cable (or PoE cable)
• connection of the DC power supply wires (if PoE injector not used)
The following table details the gateways that requires opening and those not requiring
opening:
Gateway designation Opening required
Wirnet Station Yes / USIM, Ethernet, Supply
Wirnet iStation No
Wirnet iBTS Compact Yes / USIM, Ethernet, Supply
Wirnet iBTS Yes / USIM, Ethernet, Supply
Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway Yes / USIM, Ethernet, Supply

The gateways that do not require opening have an enclosure embedding caps, cable glands or
covers allowing the connections from the exterior.

The connections setting (Ethernet, DC supply) and USIM insertion shall be completed, as far
as possible, in indoor conditions to avoid any ingress of water, dust, etc. This shall be
prohibited in outdoor conditions especially in presence of rain.
The lid of the enclosure shall be closed once the connection settings are completed.

3.1.1 Wirnet iBTS and Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway opening

The lid tightens to the frame with 4 x M5 screws, hidden by two plastic clip-on design covers.
First, remove the two plastic clips. This can be done manually, without any particular tool:
Plastic clip-on (x2)

Figure 8: Wirnet iBTS – plastic clips on the lid

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The 4 x M5 screws are now accessible.

Unlock the screw with a big flat blade screw driver (65-098 5,5x100 Stanley for instance).

4x M5 screws

Figure 9: Wirnet iBTS – 4x M5 screws

Remove the lid.

3.1.2 Wirnet iBTS Compact and Wirnet Station opening

Opening of the Wirnet iBTS Compact or Wirnet Station casing is very simple as the cover of
the enclosure is just clipped on the frame.
There are 2 door hinges that lock the cover. You just have to open one to open the cover like
a door. Due to the 2 hinges, there are then two open points that are noted as "A" and “B” on
the picture below:

Figure 10 : Open points of the compact enclosure

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To open the cover, you need to use a screwdriver that shall be inserted in the slots A or B.
The screwdriver can be a small one or a bigger one.

Small flat-blade screwdriver:

Example: 64-978 3x50 Stanley
Push the screwdriver into the slot A, and lift up and down, down and up, with
progressive strength and going deeper. It will clip. Don't be afraid to break it, if will be
opened before, if you do it step by step (progressive, to feel the point of opening).

Big flat-blade screwdriver:

Example: 65-098 5,5x100 Stanley
Push the screwdriver into the slot, (it won't enter completely) and lift up in turning the
screwdriver into the slot (like to drive screws into the slot). Here you have to use more
strength because the lever arm is smaller.

LIFT UP

HINGE
OPENED

Figure 11 : Opening of the compact enclosure with screwdriver

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3.2 Inserting an additional module inside the Wirnet iBTS enclosure

The Wirnet iBTS family has a modular architecture allowing scalability.
It is then possible to add modules (LoRa module or WAN module) to increase the capacity or
add a backhaul option.
This operation shall be completed in an indoor environment, before the installation of the
gateway on the mast or tower. If already installed, it is recommended to des-install it before
proceeding to the addition of the module.

To add a LoRa module in the Wirnet iBTS enclosure, follow the procedure below:

• Place thermal paste on the bottom side of the radiators.

• Insert the LoRa module into the enclosure. Place it close to the available blind
threaded standoffs on the back of the enclosure.
• Slide the new LoRa module on the left, close to the previous installed module:
o Ensure the back-panel connector is properly inserted into the previous
module
o Ensure the radiator of the new module get in contact with the radiator of
the previous module

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• Screw the module on the blind threaded standoffs with the provided M4 screws

• Screw the wing screws on top and on the bottom of the radiators

Note: to remove a LoRa module, use the same procedure.

• Once the module is properly installed, then one or two N-SMB adapters are
required for the antenna’s connections, depending on the chosen configuration.

• To add a N-SMB adapter, follow the procedure below:

o Unscrew the M16 blind stop
o Screw the N-SMB adapter on the bottom side of the enclosure with M19
wrench (3Nm tightening torque)

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o Connect the SMB-SMB coaxial cable between the N-SMB adapter and the RF1
(and RF2) port of the LoRa module

3.3 USIM card

3.3.1 Wirnet iBTS family
Before inserting the USIM card, pay attention that the Wirnet iBTS is unpowered by checking
that all LEDs of the CPU module are OFF.
USIM card insertion is based on a push-push mechanism.
Then, to insert a USIM card in the WAN module, follow the procedure:
• Open the enclosure (see §3.1)
• Insert carefully the USIM card in the WAN module respecting the USIM orientation
drawn besides the connector and as shown below
• Push the USIM card and released pressure until a “click” can be heard.

Insert and press

the USIM card
here

Figure 12 : USIM Card – Wirnet iBTS

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In case of replacement of the USIM card, the power supply shall be firstly switched off by
disconnecting Ethernet wires or disconnecting the POE injector. For few seconds, the Wirnet
iBTS is still powered-on due to the internal backup battery. Wait and check the LEDs are
switched off before extracting the USIM card.
Simply push the USIM card to extract it from the WAN module.

After inserting the new USIM card as described above, the Wirnet iBTS can be re-powered on
again.
In case of change of mobile operator, APN and login/password shall be updated. This can be
done through USB update or through the local maintenance Web interface.

3.3.2 Wirnet Station

Before inserting the USIM card, pay attention that the Wirnet Station is unpowered by
checking the 2 LEDs PWR are OFF, after pressing the TEST button.
Then, to insert a USIM card in the gateway:
o Open the Wirnet Station casing as detailed in §3.1
o Then, you can remove the USIM card holder of the Wirnet Station by pressing with
a little screwdriver, the extraction button (as shown below)
o Place the USIM card in the USIM card holder
o Insert carefully the USIM card holder with the USIM card in the Wirnet Station

Press the extraction

button here

Figure 13 : USIM Card – Wirnet Station

In case of replacement of the USIM card, the power supply shall be firstly switched off by
disconnecting Ethernet wires or disconnecting the POE injector. For few seconds, the Wirnet
Station is still powered-on due to the internal backup battery. Wait and check the 2 LEDs PWR
are switched off, after pressing the TEST button, before extracting the USIM card.
After inserting the new USIM card as described above, the Wirnet Station can be re-powered
on.
In case of change of mobile operator, APN and login/password shall be updated.

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3.3.3 Wirnet iStation

Before inserting the USIM card, pay attention that the Wirnet iStation is unpowered by
checking the 2 LEDs are OFF on the bottom side of the gateway enclosure.
Then, to insert a USIM card in the gateway:
o Remove the M25 black cap on the right side of the enclosure
o Insert carefully the USIM card in the connector respecting the USIM orientation
drawn besides the connector and as shown below
o Push the USIM card and released pressure until a “click” can be heard.
o Replace the M25 black cap

M25 cap Orientation of the USIM card

Figure 14 : USIM Card insertion – Wirnet iStation

In case of replacement of the USIM card, the power supply shall be firstly switched off by
disconnecting Ethernet wires or disconnecting the POE injector. For few seconds, the Wirnet
iStation is still powered-on due to the internal backup battery. Wait and check the 2 LEDs are
switched off, before extracting the USIM card.
After inserting the new USIM card as described above, the Wirnet iStation can be re-powered
on.
In case of change of mobile operator, APN and login/password shall be updated.

3.4 Electric distribution to the outdoor gateway

3.4.1 Safety
The installation shall comply with IEC/EN 60728-11 (Cable Networks - Safety).
Earthing is a key parameter for a secure installation.
Earthing of the installation is mandatory for:
- Indoor installation parts: mains supply, PoE injector
- Outdoor installation parts: tower, pole, gateway enclosure, mounting kit, antennas.

A second key parameter for a secure installation is the lightning protection.

In its standard configuration, the LoRaWAN gateway is provided with nominal internal surge
protections. The LoRaWAN gateways are not warranted by KERLINK in case of deterioration
due to lightning. Additional surge protections are recommended in harsh environments.

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A lightning rod with a down conductor to earth is strongly recommended in most of the
applications to avoid direct impacts on the aerials (antennas and gateway).
See “[3] AN-KLK03358 - LoRaWAN gateways lightning protection” for further details.

The following picture describes all the required cables connections required for the
installation, including power supply cables, data cables, RF coaxial cables and earthing
connections.

Figure 15 : Power distribution in the installation

3.4.2 Mains supply

The mains supply is not injected directly into the gateway but through a PoE injector or AC/DC
supply.
The mains supply shall be an indoor installation composed of:
• A main electrical board including:
o a circuit breaker
o a surge protection type 1
o a connection to “earth”
• A secondary electrical board including:
o a circuit breaker
o a surge protection type 2
o a connection to “earth”
Surge protections type 1 and 2 are required to protect the PoE injector or AC/DC supply.

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In case surge protections type 1 and 2 are not available, specific PoE injectors for outdoor
applications are required.

3.4.3 POE supply

The Wirnet gateway is supplied by a PoE injector through an Ethernet cable.
The recommended PoE injectors are detailed in §2.1.7.1.
The recommended Ethernet cable is detailed in §2.1.11.2.

Note 1: The Ethernet cable is not provided by Kerlink.

Note 2: The maximum Ethernet cable length is 100m.
Note 3: The PoE injectors are considered as limited power sources

3.4.4 Auxiliary power supply

The Wirnet gateways can be also supplied with an auxiliary DC power supply as detailed in
§2.1.7.2 and §2.1.7.5.
The installation of the DC supply cable is detailed in §3.7.5.

3.5 Lightning protections

In their standard configuration, the Wirnet gateways are provided with optimal internal surge
protections. In harsh environment, additional protections may be used to improve lightning
immunity. The Wirnet gateways are not warranted by KERLINK in case of deterioration due to
lightning. KERLINK recommends adding surge protections in high keraunic levels areas and on
high points.

The lightning surge protection shall be completed on three interfaces to be efficient:

- Mains supply (or DC supply)
- Ethernet (PoE) cable
- RF coaxial cable (antenna interfaces)

A lightning rod, or LPS system, with a down conductor to earth is strongly recommended for
this kind of applications. The lightning rod avoids direct impacts on the aerials (antennas and
gateway).

Another key parameter for an efficient lightning surge protection is “earthing”. The earthing
connection ensure that the lightning surge is driven to the ground properly as detailed in
§3.7.1. Earthing of the installation is mandatory for:
- indoor installation (mains supply, PoE injector)
- outdoor installation (tower, pole, …)

See “[3] AN-KLK03358 - LoRaWAN gateways lightning protection” for further details.

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3.6 Mounting of the enclosure

3.6.1 General considerations

The Wirnet gateways enclosures shall be mounted on any concrete pedestal, concrete wall or
any non-flammable surface (UL94-V0). It shall not be mounted on a flammable surface.

The mounting kits delivered with the Wirnet gateways allow tightening the product in
different ways:
- Wall mount
- Pole mount by U-bolt
- Pole mount by metallic strapping

Universal antenna brackets (see §2.1.8.4) or specific antenna brackets are provided with the
LoRa antennas. Universal antenna brackets can be directly mounted on the Wirnet Station and
Wirnet iBTS Compact mounting kit.
Dome antenna brackets (see §2.1.6.4) are provided with the LTE antennas and GNSS antennas.
All these kits are detailed in the following paragraphs.

3.6.2 Antennas mountings kits

3.6.2.1 GNSS, LTE and LoRa antenna considerations

The Wirnet gateways integrates GNSS, LTE and LoRa antennas. GNSS and LTE antennas can be
integrated inside the enclosure or are external to the enclosure (see §2.1.8). The LoRa
antennas are always external to the enclosure, except Wirnet iStation.
The position of these antennas, in an open environment, is important and could determine
the overall performance of the Wirnet gateways.
The GNSS antenna requires an open sky view to be able to receive a maximum number of
satellites. This determines the PPS clock accuracy and finally the TDOA / geolocalization
accuracy. The recommended antennas (see §2.1.8.1) are provided with a 5m coaxial cable.
Extension coaxial cables could be used to reach the optimum sky view but are not provided
by KERLINK.
The LTE antenna requires an open environment to optimize the link with the LTE BS in the
area. The benefits are less multipath fading and better data throughput.
One recommended antenna (KLK02810) is provided with a 5m coaxial cable (see §2.1.8.2).
Extension coaxial cables of could be used to reach a better position but are not provided by
KERLINK. However, beware of the insertion losses! A candle antenna (KLK03285) could be
directly mounted on the gateway enclosure in case of proximity of the LTE BS (colocalization
site for example).
The LoRa antenna requires an open environment to optimize the link with the end-devices.
The benefits are less multipath fading and optimized coverage area.
The antenna is provided with a 1m coaxial cable. Extension coaxial cables could be used to
reach a better position but are not provided by KERLINK. However, beware of the insertion
losses! Recommended coaxial cable in this case is LRM400 as detailed in §2.1.11.1.

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3.6.2.2 Distance between antennas

3.6.2.2.1 LoRa antenna vs. LTE antennas

To avoid or minimize the intermodulation between the LoRa transmitter and the LTE
transmitter, a minimum distance is required between the LoRa antenna and the LTE antenna.
This minimum distance is also recommended to avoid mutual desensitization of the receivers.
To optimize the colocalization between the LTE antenna and the external LoRa antenna, a
distance of 20 cm min is required between both radiated parts.
Therefore, when possible KERLINK strongly recommend dissociating the universal antenna
bracket away from the gateway enclosure support. This is the best way to guarantee the 20
cm min distance between LTE antenna and LoRa antenna. When the dissociation is not
possible, the LoRa antenna shall be placed on the right side of the enclosure as described on
Figure 16.

20 cm LoRa antenna

Universal antenna
bracket on the
Internal LTE
right side
antenna area

Figure 16 : Position of the universal antenna support when mounted on the compact enclosure support

3.6.2.2.2 LoRa space diversity

Space diversity is supported by the Wirnet iBTS family as detailed in §2.1.1.
Distance between antennas to optimize the spacing diversity performance is always a subject
of discussion. There are no miracle formulas helping to determine the distance because each
use case is a particular use case.

However, there are some rules to be followed:

• The minimum distance between antenna shall be the half wavelength i.e.:
o 18 cm at 868MHz
o 17 cm at 915MHz

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• To have uncorrelated antennas it is better to have a minimum distance of 13*λ/8

between antennas i.e.:
o 56 cm at 868MHz
o 53 cm at 915MHz
• The distances can be increased to improve the performance, ideally by steps of a
wavelength. The recommended distances are then:
o 868MHz: 56 cm, 91 cm, 125 cm, 160 cm, etc…
o 915MHz: 53 cm, 86 cm, 119 cm, 151 cm, etc…

Note 1: the distance between the two universal antenna brackets installed on the Wirnet iBTS
Compact mounting kit is 20cm. This meets the 18cm minimum distance for space diversity
although the performance is not optimum.
Note 2: the universal bracket length is about 20cm. In a 120mm pole mount configuration, the
maximum distance between antennas can be the 20+20+12=52cm which is close to the
optimum distance listed above.

3.6.2.3 Universal antenna bracket

The universal antenna bracket (KLK02453) is recommended for the omnidirectional LoRa
antennas detailed in §2.1.8.4.

The universal antenna bracket is presented hereafter:

Slots for metallic
strapping

Holes for antenna

Fixing holes
(wall mount)

Figure 17 : Universal antenna bracket dimensions

The universal antenna bracket has 3 holes dedicated to the LoRa antenna N connector. The
bracket can be then oriented in 3 different positions without compromising the antenna
position.

The universal antenna bracket can be mounted:

- On a wall: use in this case two M4 screws separated by 19mm.
- On a pole: use metallic strapping through the two 5mm x 25mm slots.
- On the Wirnet iBTS Compact or Wirnet Station mounting kit, with 2 x M8 bolts and
screws as follows.
It is preferred to have the universal antenna bracket installed on the right side of the
compact casing mounting kit (as follow) to have a better isolation between the LoRa
antenna and the GPS/LTE internal antennas.

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2 x M4 screws or 2x M8 long screw

Figure 18 : Wall mount of the universal antenna bracket

Figure 19 : Pole mounting of the universal antenna bracket using strapping

2 x M8 bolts+ nuts

Figure 20 : Universal antenna bracket with Wirnet Gateway mounting kit

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Note 1: the M4 screws and the metallic strapping are not provided by KERLINK.
Note 2: the M8 bolts and nuts are provided by KERLINK.

Once the universal antenna bracket is installed, then the LoRa antenna can be mounted on
the bracket. The LoRa antenna is provided with a N female connector, a washer and a M19
nut.
Follow the following procedure:
• Unscrew the M19 nut
• Remove the washer
• Introduce the N connector
Washer
into the hole of the universal
antenna bracket
• Place the washer
• Screw the M19 nut
M19 nut

Figure 21 : LoRa antenna mounted on universal antenna bracket

3.6.2.4 Dome antenna bracket

The dome antenna bracket (KLK02692) is recommended for the GNSS and LTE antennas
detailed in §2.1.8.4.
The dome antenna bracket is presented hereafter:

76 mm

Slots for metallic

strapping
Slot for cable tie
Hole for antenna

Fixing holes
(wall mount)

Figure 22 : Dome antenna bracket dimensions

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The dome antenna bracket has a single hole dedicated to the LTE and / or GNSS M22 screw.
The dome antenna bracket can be mounted:
- On a wall: use in this case 2 x M4 screws separated by 76mm.
- On a pole: use metallic strapping through the two 4mm x 25mm slots.
- On a pole: using the “notched V shaped plate” (KLK02168) and a U-bolt. The maximum
diameter of the pole is 60mm.

Figure 23 : Dome antenna bracket with notched V shaped bolt

Another slot is available. It can be used for cable ties to tighten the RF coaxial cable to the
antenna bracket.
Note 1: the M4 screws and the metallic strapping are not provided by KERLINK.
Note 2: the cables ties are not provided by KERLINK.
Once the dome antenna bracket is installed, then the GNSS antenna, or LTE, or GNSSS/LTE
combo antenna can be mounted on the bracket. These antennas are provided with N female
connector(s) and a M22 nut.

Follow the following procedure:

• Introduce the N connector(s) into the hole of the bracket
• Pass all the coaxial cable length through the hole until the antenna is in contact with
the bracket
• Unscrew the M22 nut
• Introduce the antenna M22 screw into the hole
• Beware the position of the gasket to insure waterproof installation. There shall be no
aperture between the antenna casing and the gasket.
• Screw the M22 nut
Repeat the operation for GNSS antenna, LTE antenna (or GNSS/LTE combo antenna).

Gasket

M22 nut

Figure 24 : N connector introduced in the hole of the dome antenna bracket / Figure 25 : Antenna installed on the dome
antenna bracket

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3.6.3 Mounting of the Wirnet iBTS Compact and Wirnet Station enclosures
Both Wirnet iBTS Compact and Wirnet Station are delivered with a mounting kit already
screwed on the gateway enclosure. Their mounting kit share a similar mechanical design
although the dimensions are different. The mounting procedure is therefore similar for both
gateways.

3.6.3.1 Wirnet Station mounting kit

The Wirnet Station mounting kit is composed of a single mechanical part as shown below:

Figure 26 : Compact casing mounting kit dimensions

The Wirnet Station is delivered with the mounting kit already installed on the rear side.

3.6.3.2 Wirnet iBTS Compact mounting kit

The Wirnet iBTS Compact mounting kit is composed of a single mechanical part as shown
below:

Figure 27 : Compact casing mounting kit dimensions

The Wirnet iBTS Compact is delivered with the mounting kit already installed on the rear side.
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3.6.3.3 Wall mounting

The Wirnet iBTS Compact and Wirnet Station can be also mounted on a wall with 4 x M4
screws.
2 x M4 screws

2 x M4 screws
Figure 28 : Compact casing - Wall mount

Note: M4 screws are not delivered with the mounting kit.

For safety reason, the metallic mounting kit shall own a good earth connection. This is ensured
by adding an earth connection through the M8 bolt and nut (see §3.7.1.2).

3.6.3.4 Pole mounting by U-bolt

The Wirnet iBTS Compact or Wirnet Station is delivered with a U-bolt to be mounted on a pole
with a maximum diameter of 60mm.
To screw the U-bolt, it is recommended to use the nuts provided in the mounting kit.

U-bolt
1 nut on each side

Figure 29 : Wirnet iBTS Compact / Wirnet Station - Pole mount using U-bolt

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U-bolt

Figure 30 : Wirnet iBTS Compact / Wirnet Station - rear view of the pole mounting using U-bolt (no pole represented)

For safety reason, the metallic mounting kit shall own a good earth connection. This is ensured
by adding an earth connection on the U bolt nut or the M8 nut (see §3.7.1.2).

3.6.3.5 Metallic strapping mounting

The Wirnet iBTS Compact or Wirnet Station can be also mounted on a pole by strapping. The
maximum acceptable width of the strapping is 25mm. It is recommended to use 2 metallic
strappings as described on the figure below:

Strapping

Alternate
Strapping
positions

Figure 31 : Wirnet iBTS Compact / Wirnet Station - Pole mount using strapping

For safety reason, the metallic mounting kit shall own a good earth connection. This is ensured
by adding an earth connection on the M8 nut (see §3.7.1.2).

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3.6.4 Mounting of the Wirnet iBTS and Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway enclosures

3.6.4.1 Wirnet iBTS and Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway mounting kit

The Wirnet iBTS and Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway mounting kit is composed of two identical parts
as shown below:

Figure 32 : Wirnet iBTS and Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway mounting kit dimensions

One part is mounted on the top of the enclosure and the second one on the bottom of the
enclosure. The parts include several holes and slots dedicated to wall mount screwing and
strapping. The holes are also used for earthing through a M8 bolt and nut (see §3.7.1.1).
The Wirnet iBTS or Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway is delivered with the standard casing mounting kit
already installed on the rear side:

Figure 33 : Rear view of the Wirnet iBTS / Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway with mounting kit

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3.6.4.2 Wall mounting

The Wirnet iBTS or Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway can be also mounted on a wall with 4 x M4 screws.
2 x M4 screws

2 x M4 screws
Figure 34 : Compact casing - Wall mount

Note: M4 screws are not delivered with the mounting kit.

For safety reason, the metallic mounting kit shall own a good earth connection. This is ensured
by adding an earth connection on the dedicated hole (see §3.7.1.1).

3.6.4.3 Pole mounting by U-bolt

The Wirnet iBTS or Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway is delivered with two notched V-shaped plates and
two U-bolts to be mounted on a pole with a maximum diameter of 60mm.
To screw the U-bolts, it is recommended to use the four nuts provided in the mounting kit.

U-bolts

1 nut on each side

Figure 35 : Standard casing - Pole mount using U-bolts

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U-bolts Notched V-shapped plates

Figure 36 : Wirnet iBTS or Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway - rear view of the pole mounting using U-bolt (no pole represented)

For safety reason, the metallic mounting kit shall own a good earth connection. This is ensured
by adding an earth connection on the dedicated hole (see §3.7.1.1).

3.6.4.4 Metallic strapping mounting

The Wirnet iBTS or Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway can be also mounted on a pole by strapping. The
maximum acceptable width of the strapping is 25mm. Several slots are available allowing
adapting different diameters of poles. It is recommended to use 2 metallic strappings as
described on the figure below:

Strapping

Alternate
Strapping
positions

Figure 37 : Standard casing - Pole mount using strapping

For safety reason, the metallic mounting kit shall own a good earth connection. This is ensured
by adding an earth connection on the dedicated hole (see §3.7.1.1).

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3.6.5 Mounting of the Wirnet iStation enclosure

Wirnet iStation is delivered with a mounting kit already installed on the gateway enclosure.
The mounting kit is easily detachable allowing easy installation of the gateway. The mounting
kit shall be first detached from the enclosure and installed separately. The enclosure can be
installed on the mounting kit, once the mounting kit is already installed.

3.6.5.1 Wirnet iStation mounting kit

The Wirnet iStation mounting kit is composed of a single mechanical part as shown below:

Slots (x4)
for strapping
Oblong holes
(pole mount)
for enclosure
mounting
(4)

M5 screw
Figure 38 : Wirnet iStation mounting kit dimensions

The mounting kit is composed of:

• 4 oblong holes to insert the positioning screws of the enclosure
• 4 double slots to insert the strapping for pole mount
• 1 M5 screw used to tighten the mounting kit to the enclosure

The Wirnet Station is delivered with the mounting kit already installed on the rear side.

3.6.5.2 Insertion of the Wirnet iStation enclosure on its mounting kit

To install the Wirnet iStation enclosure on its mounting kit:
• Place the 4 positioning screws at the rear of the enclose inside the 4 oblong holes of
the mounting kit
• Slide the mounting kit to place the 4 positioning screws as follows:

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Positionning
Positionning Screws
screws inserted
(x4) in blong holes
(x4)

Figure 39 : Rear view of Wirnet iStation without and with mounting kit

• Screw the M5 screw to maintain the mounting kit on the enclosure:

M5 screw

Figure 40 : Detail of M5 screw

To remove the mounting kit, the same procedure applies.

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3.6.5.3 Wall mounting

The Wirnet iStation can be also mounted on a wall with 4 x M4 screws.
2 x M4 screws

2 x M4 screws

Figure 41 : Compact casing - Wall mount

Note: M4 screws are not delivered with the mounting kit.

3.6.5.4 Metallic strapping mounting

The Wirnet iStation can be also mounted on a pole by strapping. The maximum acceptable
width of the strapping is 25mm. It is recommended to use 2 metallic strappings as described
on the figure below:

Strapping

Figure 42 : Wirnet iStation - Pole mount using strapping

For safety reason, the metallic mounting kit shall own a good earth connection. This is ensured
trough the ground connection of the enclosure (see §3.7.1.3).

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3.6.6 Mounting of the accessories

3.6.6.1 Indoor PoE injectors

Indoor PoE injectors listed in §2.1.7.1 can be wall mounted with 2 x M3 screws.

2 x M3 screws 2 x M3 screws
Figure 43 : Screws for indoor POE injectors mounting

3.6.6.2 Outdoor PoE injectors

Outdoor PoE injectors listed in §2.1.7.1 can be wall mounted using 3 x M3 screws (positions
1, 2 and 3 below):

3 x M3 screws

Figure 44 : Screws for outdoor POE injectors mounting

A mounting bracket kit is also available:

Figure 45 : Mounting bracket for outdoor POE injectors

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3.6.6.3 Indoor Ethernet surge protection

The indoor Ethernet surge protection (see §2.1.10) is provided with a clip dedicated to DIN rail
mounting. The DIN rail clip can be removed by unscrewing the nut:

DIN rail clip

Nut

Figure 46 : Indoor Ethernet surge protection – DIN rail clip

The indoor Ethernet surge protector shall be placed at the entrance of the shelter or building.

3.6.6.4 Outdoor Ethernet surge protection

The outdoor Ethernet surge protection (see §2.1.10) is provided with an “omega” bracket
dedicated to wall mounting. Use 2 x M4 screws to fix to bracket on the wall:

Omega bracket

2 x M3 screws

Figure 47 : Outdoor Ethernet Surge protection – wall mounting

The outdoor PoE surge protector shall be placed close to the gateway to ensure adequate
protection. A distance of 0.5m max is recommended.

The outdoor Ethernet surge protection can be also pole mounted with strapping:
• Disassemble the “omega” bracket by unscrewing both of its screws.
• Mount the surge protection on the pole and use a metallic strapping or worm gear
clam to fix it:

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Figure 48 : Outdoor Ethernet Surge protection – pole mounting with strapping

3.6.6.5 RF coaxial lightning protections (general use case)

The RF coaxial surge protections are directly mounted (screwed) on the N connectors of the
Wirnet gateways as shown below:

Figure 49 : Coaxial surge lightning protection mounting on Wirnet iBTS gateway LTE port

To improve the durability of the RF connections against environmental aggression (moisture,

pollution, etc.), KERLINK recommends protecting connectors of coaxial lightning protection
with an insulating tape like the reference 130C from 3M.

An example of insulating protection is presented below:

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Figure 50 : Example of insulating tape protection on Wirnet iBTS gateway RF port with coaxial lightning protection

3.6.6.6 RF coaxial lightning protection on Wirnet iStation

Kerlink found disparity in the length of the pins of the market accessories that could be
connected to the Wirnet iStation: if these pins are too long, they can mechanically
permanently damage the Wirnet iStation connector internal mechanical switch that selects
the internal or external antenna, thus potentially generating loss of performance and
preventing the later use of the internal antenna.
Direct mounting of the surge protection onto the gateway RF port shall be avoided:


Figure 51 : Prohibited coaxial surge lightning protection mounting on Wirnet iStation

Beware: connection of coaxial lightning protection KLK02900 onto Wirnet iStation requires an
N male - N female adapter (KLK03443). This is recommended for Wirnet iStation with product
ID including “a01”, “b02”, “c03”, and “d04”. Versions “e05” and later do not require such
adapter.

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The N adapter, provided by Kerlink, ensures a controlled pin length of the N connector and no
damages of the gateway connector. This adapter shall not be substituted by another
reference.
Surge protection N connector and N adapter are designed for manual clamping so as not to
damage the connectors.

The following installations are recommended:

Figure 52 : Recommended coaxial surge lightning protection mounting on Wirnet iStation

3.6.6.7 Cavity filters

The cavity filters are directly mounted (screwed) on the N connectors of the LoRa antennas or
of the Wirnet gateways as follows:

Antenna

Antenna bracket

N male connector on
antenna connector

Cavity filter

Figure 53 : Cavity filter mounted on antenna N port

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To improve the durability of the RF connections against environmental aggression (moisture,

pollution …), KERLINK recommends protecting connectors of cavity filters with an insulating
tape like the reference 130C from 3M.

3.7 Setting connections

Before setting all connections, ensure that the gateway is not supplied either via the PoE
injector or via the auxiliary DC supply.
The following pictures details all the outdoor gateway required connections, including power
supply cables, data cables, RF coaxial cables and earthing connections:

Figure 54 : connection settings of the installation

3.7.1 Earthing
Several earthing cables, wires, tapes or ring tongue terminals are required to connect the
installation and the materials to earth for lightning immunity and electrical security:
• Earthing of the gateway enclosure / mounting kit
• Earthing of the antenna brackets
• Earthing of the RF coaxial surge protection
• Earthing of the DC surge protection
• Earthing of the Ethernet surge protection
• Earthing of the outdoor PoE injector

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The required earthing cables are detailed in §2.1.11.5.

Note: the earthing cables are not provided by KERLINK.

3.7.1.1 Earthing of the Wirnet iBTS and Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway

Earthing of the Wirnet iBTS and Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway is completed through the mounting
kit, by using the 2 holes dedicated to the M8 U Bolt used for pole mount. The earthing symbol
is placed close to dedicated holes. Two different configurations are then possible,
depending on the usage of the U bolt:
1. The M8 U bolt is used (pole mount by U-bolt configuration):
The U-bolt and the M8 nut are used to connect the ring tongue terminal
2. The M8 U bolt is not used (wall mount configuration or metallic strapping
configuration):
A M8 bolt and nut is used to connect the ring tongue terminal

The different configurations are presented below:

Ring tongue terminal M8 U Bolt & nuts Earth symbol

Figure 55 : Wirnet iBTS and Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway – earthing with U bolt configuration

M8 Bolt & nut Ring tongue terminal Earth symbol

Figure 56 : Wirnet iBTS and Wirnet iBTS 64 Highway – earthing without U bolt configuration

• Crimp the ring tongue terminal to earthing cable with the crimping tool
• Connect the ring tongue to the mounting kit with M8 bolt and nut.
• Connect the other side of the earthing cable to the earthing system or lightning
protection system of the of the pole, mast, … of the installation.

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Note 1: the earthing cable is not provided by KERLINK

Note 2: the earthing cable characteristics are detailed in §2.1.11.5.
Note 3: use a crimping tool to crimp the ring tongue terminal with earthing cable.

3.7.1.2 Earthing of the Wirnet iBTS Compact and Wirnet Station

Earthing of the Wirnet iBTS Compact and Wirnet Station is completed through the mounting
kit, by using the holes dedicated to the M8 U Bolt used for pole mount or the holes dedicated
to the universal antenna bracket. The earthing symbol is placed close to dedicated holes.
Two different configurations are then possible, depending on the usage of the U bolt:
1. The M8 U bolt is used (pole mount by U-bolt configuration):
The U-bolt and the M8 nut are used to connect the ring tongue terminal
2. The M8 U bolt is not used (wall mount configuration or metallic strapping
configuration):
The M8 bolt and nut dedicated to the universal antenna bracket is used to connect the
ring tongue terminal. It can be used whatever the universal antenna bracket is installed
or not on the mounting kit.

The different configurations are presented below:

Earth symbol Ring tongue terminal

M8 U Bolt & nuts

Figure 57 : Wirnet iBTS Compact and Wirnet Station – earthing with U bolt configuration

Earth symbol Ring tongue terminal

M8 Bolt & nut

Figure 58 : Wirnet iBTS Compact and Wirnet Station – earthing without U bolt configuration

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• Crimp the ring tongue terminal to earthing cable with the crimping tool
• Connect the ring tongue to the mounting kit with M8 bolt (or U-bolt) and nut.
• Connect the other side of the earthing cable to the earthing system or lightning
protection system of the of the pole, mast, … of the installation.
Note: 1 the earthing cable is not provided by KERLINK
Note 2: the earthing cable characteristics are detailed in §2.1.11.5.
Note 3: use a crimping tool to crimp the ring tongue terminal with earthing cable.

3.7.1.3 Earthing of the Wirnet iStation

Earthing of the Wirnet iStation is completed through an earthing cable to be connected at the
rear side of the enclosure. The earthing symbol is placed close to the dedicated hole.

Ring tongue terminal (x2)

Earth symbol

Earthing cable

Figure 59 : Wirnet iStation – earthing cable

• Connect the ring tongue to the enclosure with the dedicated screw.
• Connect the other side of the earthing cable to the earthing system or lightning
protection system of the of the pole, mast, … of the installation.

Note 1: the earthing cable and screw are provided by KERLINK

Note 2: use a crimping tool to crimp the ring tongue terminal with earthing cable.

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3.7.1.4 Earthing of the RF coaxial surge protection

On the RF coaxial surge protection side, the earthing connection is completed through a ring
tongue terminal. The earthing cable shall be crimped inside this ring tongue terminal.
A specific crimping tool is required to perform the operation.

Ring terminal

Figure 60 : Earthing of the RF coaxial surge protection

Note 1: the earthing cable is not provided by KERLINK

Note 2: the earthing cable characteristics are detailed in §§2.1.11.5.
Note 3: use a crimping tool to crimp the ring tongue terminal with earthing cable.

3.7.1.5 Earthing of the DC surge protection

On the DC surge protection side, the earthing connection is completed through a stripped
wire. The other side of the cable could be connected through a ring tongue terminal.

Earthing wire

Figure 61 : Earthing of the RF coaxial surge protection

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Note 1: the earthing cable is not provided by KERLINK

Note 2: the earthing cable characteristics are detailed in §2.1.11.5.

3.7.1.6 Earthing of the Ethernet surge protection

On the indoor Ethernet surge protection side, the earthing connection is completed through
the DIN rail clip. Therefore, the earthing cable can be connected to the DIN rail itself or using
the nut of the DIN rail clip.

DIN rail

Nut

Figure 62 : Earthing of the indoor Ethernet surge protection

On the outdoor Ethernet surge protection side, the earthing connection is completed through
a dedicated earthing screw. The earthing connection is completed through a ring terminal.
The earthing cable shall be crimped inside this ring terminal.
A specific crimping tool is required to perform the operation.
Earthing screw
Earthing cable

Figure 63 : Earthing of the outdoor Ethernet surge protection

Note 1: the earthing cables are not provided by KERLINK

Note 2: the earthing cables characteristics are detailed in §2.1.11.5.
Note 3: A cable is provided by Microsemi for the outdoor PoE surge protector

3.7.1.7 Earthing of the outdoor PoE injector

On the outdoor PoE injector, the earthing connection is completed through a dedicated
earthing bolt and two nuts. The earthing connection on the cable is completed through a ring
terminal. A specific crimping tool is required to perform the operation. The earthing cable shall
be crimped inside this ring terminal.

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The ring terminal is inserted between the two nuts as follows:

Figure 64 : Earthing of the outdoor PoE injector

Note 1: the earthing cables are not provided by KERLINK

Note 2: the earthing cables characteristics are detailed in §2.1.11.5.

3.7.1.8 Earthing Ethernet cable

In may use cases, the Ethernet cable has a significant length (up to 100m) from the Ethernet
switch to the gateway. The long Ethernet cable shall be properly guided, and grounding of the
cable is recommended to offer better surge protection. Cable grounding clamp can be used
for this purpose as shown below:

Figure 65 : Earthing of the Ethernet cable

The sheath of the cable shall be obviously removed to ensure good connection to the clamp
and therefore good ground connection. Removing the sheath may compromise sealing of the
Ethernet cable so a waterproof tape is recommended in this case.

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3.7.1.9 Earthing RF coaxial cables

In some use cases, antennas may be deported using long RF coaxial cables (>5m). The long
coaxial cable shall be properly guided, and grounding of the coaxial cable is recommended to
offer better surge protection. Cable grounding clamp can be used for this purpose (see also
§3.7.1.8).
The sheath of the cable shall be obviously removed to ensure good connection to the clamp
and therefore good ground connection. Removing the sheath may compromise sealing of the
Ethernet cable so a waterproof tape is recommended in this case.
In most of the use case, short RF coaxial cables are used (1m), so earthing is not required.

3.7.1.10 Earthing antenna brackets

Antenna brackets can be provided with the gateways as accessories. This could be LoRa, GNSS
or LTE antenna brackets. The brackets are metal parts and they shall be also connected to
earth to prevent surges to be driven to the gateway RF ports.
Earthing of the antenna brackets can be completed by:
• Pole mounting: by using the metallic strapping.
• Wall mounting: by using M4 screws provided with the bracket
The earthing connection is completed through a ring terminal in this case. A specific
crimping tool is required to perform the operation. The earthing cable shall be crimped
inside this ring terminal.

Note 1: the earthing cables are not provided by KERLINK.

Note 2: the earthing cables characteristics are detailed in §2.1.11.5.

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3.7.2 RF antennas

3.7.2.1 Wirnet iBTS family

RF antennas (GNSS, LTE and LoRa) are connected to the Wirnet iBTS gateways through the N
connectors on the bottom side of the enclosure.
In its default configuration, the gateway features only 3 N-SMB adapters used as RF interfaces
for the antennas:
• 1 for GNSS antenna (GPS)
• 1 for WAN antenna (GSM/HSDPA/LTE)
• 1 for LoRa antenna.
The N connectors are connected to the modules (CPU, WAN and Lora) through SMB-SMB or
SMB-SMA coaxial cables. The coaxial cables shall be carefully checked to make sure the right
RF interface of each module is connected to the right N connector and therefore to the right
antenna.
The N connectors are located as follows:

LTE antenna

LoRa antenna
GPS antenna

Figure 66 : nominal configuration of N connectors – Wirnet iBTS

Therefore, in its nominal configuration, only one N connector is available for a single antenna.
If antenna diversity is required, or additional LoRa modules are required, then the installer has
to add the missing modules inside the enclosure and mount the required N-SMB adapters on
the bottom side of the enclosure. 8 x M16 blind stops are available for that purpose (see §3.2).

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In order, to facilitate the installation, KERLINK recommends the following allocation of the
M16 blind stops for the additional N-SMB connectors:

GPS antenna LTE antenna

LoRa antenna

RF1
connector

GNSS
RF2
connector

WAN LoRa LoRa LoRa LoRa

Module #1 Module #2 Module #3 Module #4
Figure 67 : Recommended allocation of the N connectors – Wirnet iBTS

Note: the bottom side of the enclosure does not include any label or any serigraphy to
differentiate the N connectors. This is because of the full modularity of the Wirnet iBTS. We
strongly recommend to the installer following KERLINK recommendations regarding the
placement of the connectors to facilitate the installation. The installer shall ensure that the
right N connector is connected to the right SMB connector of the LoRa module and therefore
to the right antenna!

In its default configuration, the Wirnet iBTS Compact features only one N-SMB adapters used
as RF interfaces for the LoRa antenna:

SMB-SMB coaxial cable

LoRa antenna M16 blind stop

(2nd Lora antenna)

Figure 68 : Nominal configuration of N connectors - compact casing

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If antenna diversity is required, then the installer has to mount an additional N-SMB adapter
on the bottom side of the enclosure. The M16 blind stop is available for that purpose.

3.7.2.1.1 GNSS antenna

Connect the N male connector of the GNSS antenna onto the dedicated N female connector
as indicated below:

GNSS antenna
Internal SMA-SMB
coaxial cable

GNSS antenna
External N
coaxial cable

Figure 69 : GNSS antenna cabling, internal and external

Make sure the SMA-SMB cable inside the enclosure is properly connected to the CPU module.

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3.7.2.1.2 LTE antenna

Connect the N male connector of the LTE antenna onto the dedicated N female connector as
indicated below:

LTE antenna
Internal SMA-SMB
coaxial cable

LTE antenna
External N
coaxial cable

Figure 70 : LTE antenna cabling, internal and external

Make sure the SMA-SMB cable inside the enclosure is properly connected to the WAN module.

3.7.2.1.3 GNSS / LTE combo antenna

The Wirnet iBTS Compact is delivered with an internal GNSS/LTE combo antenna mounted on
the internal bracket. Check the antenna is well mounted on the bracket and the SMA
connectors are properly screwed on the modules, as described below:

GNSS/LTE antenna

GNSS cable

LTE cable

Figure 71 : GPS and LTE cabling within Wirnet iBTS Compact

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The GNSS cable is the blue one, referenced as “GPS”, and connected to the CPU module.
The LTE cable is the white one, referenced as “CELL”, and connected to the WAN module.

3.7.2.1.4 Internal LTE antenna

The Wirnet iBTS Compact may be delivered with a dual WAN module. In this case, an internal
LTE antenna and an internal GNSS/LTE combo antenna are embedded in the casing.
The internal LTE antenna shall be screwed on the dual WAN module and oriented to the
bottom side of the enclosure, in order to optimize the WAN reception.
Check the internal LTE antenna is well mounted on the SMA connector and properly screwed
on the module, as described below:

GNSS/LTE antenna

Dual WAN module

Internal LTE antenna
(oriented to bottom side
of the enclosure)

Figure 72 :Internal LTE antenna within Wirnet iBTS Compact

3.7.2.1.5 LoRa RF Antenna

Once the antennas are mounted, a RF coaxial cable shall be used to connect the antenna to
the Wirnet iBTS.
The RF coaxial cable delivered by default is only 1m length. This is suitable for many
installations, but extension coaxial cables can be used when the distance between the LoRa
antenna and the Wirnet iBTS is greater than 1 meter.

The RF coaxial cables have two N male connectors on each side. One side is screwed on the
antenna N female connector and the other side is screwed on the N female connector on the
bottom side of the Wirnet iBTS as follows:

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N connector
screwed on antenna

N connector 1m coaxial cable

screwed on antenna

Figure 73 : Connection of the RF coaxial cable

To improve the durability of the RF connections against environmental aggression (moisture,

pollution …), KERLINK recommends protecting connectors with an insulating tape like the
reference 130C from 3M.

To tighten the coaxial cable of the Wirnet iBTS Compact, the installer can use cable clamps
inserted in the dedicated slots of the mounting kit:

Slots provided to attach

the antenna cable

Figure 74 : attachment of the RF antenna coaxial cable

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3.7.2.2 Wirnet Station

GNSS and LTE antennas are internal and do not require any intervention.
Only LoRa antenna requires a coaxial connection.

Once the LoRa RF antenna is installed on its bracket, connect the N connector of the 1m coaxial
cable on the N female connector of the antenna as described on the figure below.

N connector screwed on antenna port

Figure 75 : attachment of the antenna on the mounting set

Once the other side, connect the N connector of the antenna cable on the connector based
on the bottom of the enclosure as described on the figure below.

N connector of
the gateway

N connector
of the
antenna
cable
Figure 76 : connection of LoRa RF antenna (bottom view)

For safety reason, the power supply of the product shall be disconnected before plugging the
N connector.

To improve the durability of the RF connections against environmental aggression (moisture,

pollution, …), KERLINK recommends protecting connectors with an insulating tape like the
reference 130C from 3M.

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To tighten the antenna cable, it is possible to tighten it with cable clamp, using spaces provided
for this purpose:

Spaces provided to attach

the antenna cable

Figure 77 : attachment of the RF antenna cable

3.7.2.3 Wirnet iStation

GNSS and LTE antennas are internal and do not require any intervention.
Only LoRa antenna may require a coaxial connection. It is however possible to use the internal
LoRa antenna.

If internal LoRa antenna is intended to be used, then keep the N connector cap on the top of
the enclosure as follows:

Figure 78 : LoRa antenna port with N cap

If external LoRa antenna is required, to maximize the coverage area, then the N cap shall be
removed. A LoRa antenna can be then connected on the N connector of the enclosure through
a N adapter provided by Kerlink.

Beware: connection of external antennas KLK03198 and KLK03199 to Wirnet iStation 868, 915
or 923 requires an N male - N female adapter (KLK03443). This is recommended for Wirnet
iStation with product ID including “a01”, “b02”, “c03”, and “d04”. Versions “e05” and later do
not require such adapter.

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Kerlink found disparity in the length of the pins of the market accessories that could be
connected to the Wirnet iStation: if these pins are too long, they can mechanically
permanently damage the Wirnet iStation connector internal mechanical switch that selects
the internal or external antenna, thus potentially generating loss of performance and
preventing the later use of the internal antenna.

Direct mounting of the RF antennas onto the gateway RF port shall be avoided and the N
adapter shall be inserted in-between.
The N adapter, provided by Kerlink, ensures a controlled pin length of the N connector and no
damages of the gateway connector. This adapter shall not be substituted by another
reference.

Antenna connector and N adapter are designed for manual clamping so as not to damage the
connectors.

Figure 79 : Recommended LoRa antenna configurations for Wirnet iStation

If RF coaxial lightning protections are used, then see installation recommendations in §3.6.6.6,

Considering the LoRa antennas detailed in §2.1.8.3:

- Only 3dBi antennas KLK03198 and KLK03199 can be mounted directly on the N
connector, via the N adapter
- Other antennas shall be deported using a coaxial cable

In case of LoRa antenna deported on universal bracket, use same procedure as for Wirnet
Station (§3.7.2.2) or Wirnet iBTS.

If alternate N male antennas (not listed in §2.1.8.3) are considered to be mounted directly on
the N connector, they shall have limited size and weight to avoid damage to N connector,
especially in windy conditions. Use the N adapter in this case. High gain antennas should,
therefore, not be direct mounted on the N connector but should be deported.

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3.7.3 Ethernet connection

3.7.3.1 Wirnet iBTS family

The Wirnet iBTS gateway is supplied by a PoE injector through an Ethernet cable.
The PoE injectors are detailed in §2.1.7.1.
The recommended Ethernet cable is detailed in §2.1.11.2. It includes two RJ45 T 568A plugs
on each side

Note 1: The Ethernet cable is not provided with the Wirnet iBTS.
Note 2: The maximum Ethernet cable length is 100m.

On Wirnet iBTS side, the Ethernet RJ45 connector shall be firstly inserted through the M25
cable gland as shown on the Figure 80.
To introduce the RJ45 cable into the cable gland, follow the procedure below:
• Unscrew the external nut
• Remove the seal
• Introduce the RJ45 cable into the external nut
• Place the seal around the RJ45 cable
• Introduce the RJ45 cable into the cable gland body
• Connect the RJ45 connector in to the PoE/LAN port of the CPU module
• Replace the seal in the cable gland body
• Screw the external nut

RJ45 cable

Seal

External nut

Figure 80 : Ethernet connection on Wirnet iBTS side / cable gland

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Note 3: The cable gland allows external cable diameter (cable and RJ45 connector) from 5mm
to 8 mm.

An example of RJ45 connector inserted to the PoE/LAN port of the CPU module is shown
below:

PoE / LAN port of

CPU module

M25 cable gland

RJ45 cable

Figure 81 : Ethernet connection on Wirnet iBTS side

On the other side of the Ethernet cable, the RJ45 connector shall be inserted into the RJ45
“Data + Power” port of the POE injector. This POE injector is connected to 230VAC mains
supply as detailed in §3.4.2.

« Data + Power »
port

RJ45 cable

Figure 82 : Ethernet connection on PoE injector side

Before connecting the Ethernet wires, ensure that the POE injector is not connected to
230VAC.

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3.7.3.1 Wirnet Station

The Wirnet Station is supplied by a PoE injector through an Ethernet cable.
The PoE injectors are detailed in §2.1.7.1.
The recommended Ethernet cable is detailed in §2.1.11.2. It includes two RJ45 T 568A plugs
on each side

Note 1: The Ethernet cable is not provided with the Wirnet Station.

Note 2: The maximum Ethernet cable length is 100m.

Note 3: The cable gland allows external cable diameter (cable and RJ45 connector) from 4mm
to 8 mm.

On Wirnet Station side, the Ethernet cable shall be firstly inserted through the cable gland.
Then, the shield of the cable shall be clamp in the “earthing clip” like in the following picture
to get a good earth shielding.

M16 cable gland

Ethernet cable

Figure 83 : Ethernet connection on Wirnet Station side / cable gland

Note 4: the earthing clip is screwed on the cover shield with a M3x12; head button, hexagon
socket screw (B3X12/BN11252 Bossard). Use screwdriver or Allen hexagon key, 2.0mm for this
screw.

The internal wires shall be connected to the terminal block, respecting the color codes of the
wires, as described on the picture below:

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Colored wires

Color codes to be
respected

Figure 84 : Ethernet connection

On the other side of the Ethernet cable, the RJ45 connector shall be inserted into the RJ45
“Data + Power” port of the POE injector.

« Data + Power »
port

RJ45 cable

Figure 85 : Ethernet connection on PoE injector side

Before connecting the Ethernet wires, ensure that the PoE injector is not connected to
230VAC.

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3.7.3.1 Wirnet iStation

The Wirnet iStation is supplied by a PoE injector through an Ethernet cable.
The PoE injectors are detailed in §2.1.7.1.
The recommended Ethernet cable is detailed in §2.1.11.2. It includes two RJ45 T 568A plugs
on each side

Note 1: The Ethernet cable is not provided with the Wirnet iStation.
Note 2: The maximum Ethernet cable length is 100m.
Note 3: The cable gland allows external cable diameter (cable and RJ45 connector) from 4mm
to 8 mm.

On Wirnet Station side, the Ethernet cable shall be firstly inserted through the M25 cable gland
at the bottom side of the enclosure:
• Unscrew the external nut
• Remove the seal
• Introduce the RJ45 cable into the external nut
• Place the seal around the RJ45 cable
• Introduce the RJ45 cable into the cable gland body
• Connect the RJ45 connector in to the PoE/LAN port of the CPU module
• Replace the seal in the cable gland body
• Screw the external nut

Figure 86 : Wirnet iStation Ethernet connection

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On the other side of the Ethernet cable, the RJ45 connector shall be inserted into the RJ45
“Data + Power” port of the POE injector.

« Data + Power »
port

RJ45 cable

Figure 87 : Ethernet connection on PoE injector side

Before connecting the Ethernet wires, ensure that the PoE injector is not connected to
230VAC.

3.7.4 Mains supply

The AC/DC PoE injectors detailed in § are provided with E/F type cable (Europe) or B type cable
(USA).
Insert the plugs to the mains receptacle of the electrical installation.

Note: the E/F type or B type plugs shall be inserted into the mains receptacle only once all
other connections are settled and USIM card inserted (see §4.4).

3.7.5 Auxiliary power supply

3.7.5.1 Wirnet iBTS family

The Wirnet iBTS can be supplied with an auxiliary DC power supply as a solar panel for
instance. A two-wire cable is required to interconnect the auxiliary power supply connector.
The recommended cable section is 1.5 sq. mm.
The auxiliary power supply connector is a Euroblock plug, which is located on the front side of
the CPU module. The polarity of the power signals is indicated besides the connector, as
shown below:

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Figure 88 : Auxiliary DC power supply connector

First, the auxiliary power supply cable shall be introduced into the enclosure through a cable
gland. The operator needs to determine which cable gland can be used for this operation:
• M25 cable gland can be used for that purpose if the Ethernet cable is no longer
required (LTE backhaul only).
• If the Ethernet cable is required, then a M16 cable gland shall be used. One M16 blind
stops shall be removed and replaced by the M16 cable gland.

Note 1: The M16 cable glands are not provided by KERLINK.

The M25 cable gland allows external cable diameter from 5mm to 8 mm.
The M16 cable glands allow external cable diameter from 4mm to 8 mm.

After insertion through the cable gland, the 2-wire cable can be screwed to the dedicated
Euroblock plug as described on the Figure 88, according to the defined polarity.

Note 2: the Euroblock plug shall be inserted into the Euroblock receptacle only once all other
connections are settled and USIM card inserted (see §4.4).

Note 3: the external power supply shall be a limited power source.

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3.7.5.1 Wirnet Station

The Wirnet Station can be supplied with a DC power supply as a solar panel.
The power supply shall be qualified as a limited power source.

A two-wire cable is required to interconnect the auxiliary power supply connector.

The recommended cable section is 1.5 sq. mm.
The cable shall be introduced into the gateway enclosure via the cable gland usually used for
Ethernet cable. This means that auxiliary external DC supply and Ethernet backhaul cannot be
used simultaneously.

M16 cable gland

After insertion through the cable gland, a 2-wire cable can be connected (screwed) to the
dedicated terminal block as described on the figure below:

Figure 89 : DC power supply connection

The cable gland allows external cable diameter from 4mm to 8 mm.
The nominal section of the wires is 1 mm2.
Considering 1mm2 sections copper wires, the maximum recommended length of the cable is:
• 20m for a 12V DC solar system
• 50m for a 24V DC solar system

Note 1: Beware of the polarity.

Note 2: the wires shall be inserted into the terminal block only once all other connections are
settled and USIM card inserted).

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3.8 Commissioning
Once the RF antenna(s) and the Ethernet cable are connected and the USIM card is inserted,
the gateway can be powered ON.
To POWER ON the gateway, connect the PoE injector onto the 230VAC mains supply.

3.8.1 Wirnet iBTS family

To ensure the Wirnet iBTS is started up, check the behavior of the LED indicators on the CPU
module:
Connector LED Description
LOCAL Green Ethernet data activity
LOCAL Orange Ethernet Link
PoE/LAN Green Ethernet data activity
PoE/LAN Orange Ethernet Link
DEBUG Green Power status
DEBUG Orange Software status/ activity

When the Wirnet iBTS is powered ON then, all the LED are switched ON for seven seconds.
Then the DEBUG green LED shall be ON to indicate the power supplies are OK.
The DEBUG orange LED is blinking very fast during two seconds at the end of the boot.
Once the boot is completed and the Wirnet iBTS is in nominal configuration, then the DEBUG
orange LED is blinking every 5 seconds.
Then, to check and analyze the status of the Wirnet iBTS, a standard laptop can be
connected to the LOCAL RJ45 connector of the CPU module or the RJ45 connector of the PoE
injector. Once connected, run the maintenance Web interface as explained in next section.

3.8.2 Wirnet Station

To ensure the Wirnet Station is started up, check the 2 PWR LEDS, after pressing the TEST
button: they should be switched ON. After some seconds, the LEDs switch off.
Then, to check and analyze the status of the Wirnet Station, the TEST button shall be pressed
briefly in order to activate the LEDs functionality for 1 minute. This operation can be repeated
indefinitely.

Test button

Figure 90 : Test button

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Status of the Wirnet Station:

Name Color Mode Details
PWR (Station) Green Continuous Station power indicator
PWR (Modem) Green Continuous Modem power indicator
GSM1 Green Continuous GSM quality level Most Significant Bit
GSM2 Green Continuous GSM quality level Least Significant Bit

WAN quality level:

GSM1 GSM2 Status
0 0 SIM Card error
0 1 No network connection
1 0 RSSI Level < 17
1 1 RSSI Level >18

The behavior of the other LEDs depends on the application software downloaded in the
Wirnet Station. Only Station LEDS (WAN, MOD1 and MOD2) can be controlled by the
application.

Figure 91 : LEDs indicators – Wirnet Station

3.8.3 Wirnet iStation

To ensure the Wirnet iStation is started up, check the 2 LEDS, on the bottom side of the
enclosure The LED can be observed through the transparent M25 cap:

M25 cap

Green LED Red LED

Figure 92: LEDs on bottom side – Wirnet iStation

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The behavior of the two LED indicators are as follows:

Item Specification
LED 1: Power Green if power supply is present otherwise light off
LED 2: Status Red blinking during kernel boot & system boot
Light off when boot is finished

3.9 Interfaces for maintenance

3.9.1 USB interface

3.9.1.1 Wirnet iBTS family

Firmware upgrade can be performed with a USB stick via the USB type A connector. The
connector is located on the CPU module as described below:

USB type A
connector

Figure 93 : USB connector of the Wirnet iBTS

3.9.1.1 Wirnet Station

Firmware update can be performed with a USB key via the USB type A connector below:

USB type A
connector

Figure 94 : USB connector of the Wirnet Station

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3.9.1.2 Wirnet iStation

A USB-C connector, at the bottom side of the enclosure, allows to connect:
- Wirnet debug probe to use debug mode
- a USB mass-storage stick to upgrade gateway

USB-C
M25 cap connector

Figure 95: USB interface on bottom side – Wirnet iStation

3.9.2 ON/OFF button

3.9.2.1 Wirnet iBTS family

An ON/OFF button is located on the front side of the CPU module:

ON/OFF
button

Figure 96 : ON/OFF button of the Wirnet iBTS

This button is intended to perform a hard reboot, soft halt, power down (hard halt) and power
on of the Wirnet iBTS:
• Press the button once (<1s) to complete the hard reboot of the Wirnet iBTS
• Press the button during 1s to 5s to perform a soft halt. The Wirnet iBTS closes the SW
applications and reboots within the next 2minutes.

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• Long press the button for 5 seconds min to power down the Wirnet iBTS (hard halt).
Wait the shutdown of the Wirnet iBTS i.e. until the LEDs are switched off. The
shutdown may take up to 30s depending on the current software activity.
• Press the button once again to power on the Wirnet iBTS when powered off.

If the shutdown is not completed properly or may take longer than expected or if the Wirnet
iBTS is under fault for any expected reason, then a hard halt can be performed.

3.9.2.1 Wirnet Station

RESET button is a small button located on the top side as shown below.

Reset button

Figure 97 : Reset button of the Wirnet Station

RESET button is intended to reboot and reinitialize the Wirnet Station in its factory
configuration.

3.9.2.2 Wirnet iStation

A push-button is available on the bottom of enclosure.
The ON/OFF/RST button shall be pressed during 1s to generate a SW reset of the product.
A long press for 5s turns off the gateway.

USB-C
M25 cap ON/OFF/RST connector
push button

Green LED Red LED

Figure 98: ON/OFF/RST button on bottom side – Wirnet iStation

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3.9.3 Local interface

Local interface is available only for Wirnet iBTS family gateways.
A LOCAL Ethernet RJ45 connector is located on the front side of the CPU module:

Local
Ethernet interface

Figure 99 : Local Ethernet interface of the Wirnet iBTS

This RJ45 Ethernet connector is dedicated to the maintenance of the Wirnet iBTS through a
Linux SSH console session, or through the Web interface (see §3.8.2).

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4 Indoor gateways
4.1 USIM card

4.1.1 Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution

A USIM card is mandatory to establish the LTE/3G/GPRS communications.
The USIM connector is located on the bottom side of the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution.
It is a push-push connector with card detection.

USIM connector

Figure 100: Views of the USIM connector

Before inserting the USIM card, pay attention that the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution is
unpowered by checking that all LEDs are OFF.
Then, insert the USIM card in the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution into the USIM connector.
Beware on the side of the USIM before insertion:

Figure 101: Position of the USIM card before insertion into the USIM connector

Once introduced into the connector, push the USIM card until locking.
To remove the USIM card, push it again.

In case of replacement of the USIM card, the power supply shall be firstly switched off by
disconnecting the power supply. Wait and check the LEDs are switched off before extracting
the USIM card.

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4.1.2 Wirnet iFemtoCell

Wirnet iFemtoCell does not embed an LTE modem. However, a USB dongle can be connected
into the USB-A connector to provide cellular backhauling.
In this case, the LTE/HSPA/GPRS connection requires a USIM subscription for this optional USB
dongle. Kerlink recommends using the Kerlink validated USB dongles. Alternative dongle may
require additional drivers and firmware update to be used.

Before inserting the USIM card, pay attention that the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell is unpowered by
checking that all LEDs are OFF.
Then, insert a USIM card in the USB WAN dongle.
In case of replacement of the USIM card, the power supply shall be firstly switched off by
disconnecting the power supply. Wait and check the LEDs are switched off before extracting
the USIM card.

After inserting the new USIM card as described above, the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell can be re-
powered on again.
In case of change of mobile operator, APN and login/password shall be updated. This can be
done through USB update.

4.1.3 Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular

The Wirnet iZeptoCell Cellular embeds a worldwide LTE CatM, Cat NB2 and GPRS module.
An internal MFF2 eUICC is used to provide the LTE-M/NB-IoT/(E)GPRS connectivity.
The eUICC allows multiple profiles to be provisioned on a single SIM as opposed to the
traditional, one profile per SIM. This offers customers great flexibility in terms of choosing a
network provider, depending on the host country.
The bootstrap profile is provided by BICS. The eUICC is remotely administrable by the supplier
SM-SR platform through a Web portal.
APN, MCC and MNC are preconfigured, allowing zero touch configuration.

4.2 Mounting of the enclosure

4.2.1 General considerations

This device shall be professionally installed.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
The Wirnet™ gateways shall be mounted on any concrete pedestal, concrete wall or any non-
flammable surface (UL94-V0). It shall not be mounted on a flammable surface.

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4.2.2 Wirnet™ iFemtoCell and Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution Wall Mounting

The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell may be mounted on a wall using the two oblong holes:

Figure 102: Wall mounting dimensions Figure 103: Wall mounting example

Only two screws are then needed to wall mount the gateway.

4.2.3 Wirnet™ iZeptoCell Wall Mounting

The Wirnet™ iZeptoCell may be mounted on a wall using the oblong hole on the rear side.
A 4mm diameter screw (M4) with countersunk flat heat and an appropriate wall plug are
recommended. The dimensions are detailed below:

Wall mounting
oblong hole

Figure 104: Wall mounting dimensions

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VELCRO stripes or double-sided adhesives foams could be also used for easy wall mounting.
Two parts of 25mmx17mm are recommended on both side of the oblong hole as detailed
below:

25mmx17mm double-
sided adhesive foams (X2)

Figure 105: Wall mounting with double-sided adhesive foams

4.3 Setting connections

Before setting all connections, ensure that the power supply is not connected to the mains
supply.

4.3.1 LoRa antenna

4.3.1.1 Wirnet iZeptoCell

A ceramic loop antenna is integrated inside the Wirnet™ iZeptoCell.
This technology does not suffer for detuning due to the close environment, so it is well suited
for typical applications like wall mounting, connections to a set-top-box or a computer, etc.
The antenna is mounted on the PCB, on the left side of the gateways as shown below:

LoRa antenna (in red)

Figure 106: LoRa® antenna position

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4.3.1.2 Wirnet iFemtoCell and Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution

The LoRa® antenna interface of Wirnet™ iFemtoCell and Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution is a
SMA female or RP-SMA female connector.
SMA is provided on versions 868 whereas RP-SMA is provided on versions 915 and 923.

The difference between RP-SMA and SMA are detailed below:

Figure 107: Differences between RP-SMA female and SMA female connectors

The connector is located on the right side of the gateways:

SMA or RP-SMA
connector for LoRa
antenna

Figure 108: View of the LoRa® RF connector

A dual band swivel antenna is provided with Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution. Depending on the
version, this external antenna is equipped with SMA or RP-SMA connector.

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Figure 109: LoRa® swivel antenna

4.3.1.3 Distance between LoRa antenna and LTE USB dongle of Wirnet iFemtoCell
To avoid or minimize the intermodulation between the LoRa transmitter and the LTE
transmitter of Wirnet iFemtoCell, a minimum distance is required between the LoRa antenna
and the LTE USB dongle. This minimum distance is also recommended to avoid mutual
desensitization of the receivers.

To optimize the colocalization between the internal LTE USB dongle and the external LoRa
antenna, a distance of 1m is required between both radiated parts.

Therefore, when possible, Kerlink strongly recommends dissociating the LTE USB dongle away
from the enclosure and the LoRa antenna by using a 1-meter extension cable.

4.3.2 Ethernet

4.3.2.1 Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet

The Wirnet™ iZeptoCell embeds a RJ45 Ethernet connector, an Ethernet transformer and an
Ethernet 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX physical layer (PHY) transceiver connected to the CPU core
through an RMII interface.
The transceiver implements auto negotiation to automatically determine the best possible
speed and duplex mode of operation.
No synchronization via Ethernet (PTP or other) is required.

The RJ45 Ethernet socket is located on the bottom side of the Wirnet™ iZeptoCell:

RJ45 connector
(Ethernet)

Figure 110: View of the Ethernet RJ45 connector

4.3.2.1 Wirnet iFemtoCell and Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution

The Wirnet iFemtoCell and Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution embeds a RJ45 Ethernet connector,
an Ethernet transformer and an Ethernet 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX physical layer (PHY)
transceiver connected to the CPU core through an RMII interface.
The transceiver implements auto negotiation to automatically determine the best possible
speed and duplex mode of operation.

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The device is configured to operate on a single 3.3V supply.

No synchronization via Ethernet (PTP or other) is required.

The RJ45 Ethernet socket is located on the left side of the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution:

RJ45 connector
(Ethernet)

Figure 111: Views of the Ethernet RJ45 connector

The RJ45 connectors also integrates two LEDs:

- Green LED on the left side for Ethernet Data Activity
- Orange LED on the right side for Ethernet Link

Note 1: The Ethernet cable is not provided with the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell.
Note 2: The maximum Ethernet cable length is 100m.

4.3.3 DC supply

4.3.3.1 Wirnet iZeptoCell Ethernet and Cellular

The Wirnet™ iZeptoCell integrates an USB-A male plug used to supply the gateways (Source
Port role). The USB-A interface is also connected to a dedicated USB PHY of the CPU (OTG1).

The USB-A connector is located at the bottom side of the gateway as shown below:

USB-A connector

Figure 112: View of USB-A connector

The Wirnet iZeptocell shall be supplied through a 5VDC supply through the USB-A connector.
A 5W AC/DC power supply with interchangeable AC plugs can be provided with Wirnet™
iZeptoCell Ethernet (see §2.1.7.4).

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A 12W AC/DC power supply with interchangeable AC plugs can be provided with Wirnet™
iZeptoCell Cellular (see §2.1.7.4).

The Wirnet™ iZeptoCell can be directly mounted on the 5W or 12W AC/DC supply, as
presented below, or via a USB-A extender cable (see §2.1.11.2)

Figure 113: Wirnet™ iZeptoCell mounted on the AC/DC supply

4.3.3.2 Wirnet iFemtoCell and Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution

The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell and Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution, in nominal configuration, are
supplied with 12VDC voltage via a 5.5mmx2.5mm socket located on the left side of the
gateway.
This interface is the preferred supply interface due to the robustness of the sockets and plugs,
which shall be considered, especially in industrial or harsh environments.

5.5x2.5mm
socket

Figure 114: View of the 5.5x2.5mm socket

An AC/DC supply voltage is provided to interface this socket, but additional accessories could
be also eventually used.
The AC/DC switching power supply may have interchangeable AC plugs such as US, EU, KC, UK,
AU, CN:

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Figure 115: AC/DC and interchangeable plugs

4.3.3.1 Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution

The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution integrates an autonomous USB Type-C Port controller
providing logic detection for Source Port role, Sink Port role, DRP and accessory detection
support and Dead Battery support as defined in USB−C specifications.
Therefore, the USB-C port can be used either to supply OTG devices (source port role), either
to supply the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution itself (sink port role).

The USB-C connector is located at the bottom side of the gateway as shown below:

USB-C
connector

Figure 116: View of USB-C connector

Note: In order to supply the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution through the USB-C connector, a
specific cable including USB-C male plug is required. This cable is not provided with the
Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution.

4.4 Commissioning

4.4.1 Wirnet iZeptoCell

Once the Ethernet cable is set and the AC/DC power supply is connected, the Wirnet™
iZeptoCell can be powered ON. To POWER ON the gateway, connect the AC/DC power supply
onto the 230VAC mains supply.

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To ensure the Wirnet iZeptoCell gateway is started up, check the behavior of the LED
indicators: Wirnet™ iZeptoCell has three bicolor LEDs (green, red) located on the front side of
the gateway as described below:

LED #3

LED #2

LED #1

Figure 117: View of LEDs

The LEDs are used to indicate the behavior of the gateway as follows:
LED Specification

• Boot -> Red Fix ON

• LoRa Data Reception (Uplink) -> GREEN Blink
LED 3: LoRa® RF activity • LoRa Data Emission (Downlink) -> RED Blink
(Uplink, Downlink)
• Backhaul is disconnected -> Red Fix ON
• Backhaul connection -> GREEN Blink
• Backhaul is connected -> GREEN Fix ON
LED 2: Backhaul status
• Boot -> Red Blink
• Normal mode -> Green Fix ON
• Software Halt (Power down sequence) -> Red Blink
LED 1: Gateway status • Software Update -> Red Blink

To ensure the Wirnet iZeptoCell is started up, check the behavior of the LED indicators
according to the following indicative timings:
o SW reset takes around 1min 30s
o Boot takes around 1min 20s,
o Backhaul connection takes around 10s,

4.4.2 Wirnet iFemtoCell and Wirnet iFemtoCell-evolution

Once the LoRa antenna, the Ethernet cable and the power supply jack connector are
connected and the USIM card is inserted, the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell or Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-
evolution can be powered ON.
To POWER ON the gateway, connect the AC/DC power supply onto the 230VAC mains supply.

To ensure the Wirnet gateway is started up, check the behavior of the LED indicators:
Wirnet™ iFemtoCell and Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution has three bicolor LEDs located on the
front side of the gateway as described below:

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LED #1 LED #2 LED #3

Figure 118: View of LEDs

The LEDs are used to indicate the behavior of the gateway as follows:
Item Specification
LED 1: Power A solid Green for Power LED
A Status Red LED
• Boot part 1 -> Fix on
• Boot part 2 -> Heartbeat
• Boot part 3 -> Blink every second
• Run time -> Off
• Power down sequence -> Heartbeat
• Update -> Blink / 0.4 second
• Restore backup -> Blink / 2 seconds
• Restore stock -> Blink / 4 seconds
LED 2: Backhaul RED during boot
If the applicative software provided by Kerlink is
installed:
• RED if applicative software is disconnected
• GREEN blinking during applicative software connection
• GREEN fix if applicative software is connected
LED 3: LoRa® traffic RED during boot
If the applicative software provided by Kerlink is
installed:
• Applicative software management
• Rx: GREEN blinking
• Tx: RED blinking

4.4.3 Wi-Fi connection of Wirnet iFemtoCell

If you have a WPS-compatible (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) Wi-Fi Access Point, press the WPS
button on the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell and then press the WPS button on the Wi-Fi Access Point
of the installation.

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WPS

Figure 119: WPS button

The connection will be established automatically.

Alternatively, if you do not have a WPS-compatible Wi-Fi Access Point, you can connect
directly to the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell through Wi-Fi.

4.5 Interfaces for maintenance

4.5.1 Wirnet™ iZeptoCell

4.5.1.1 Reset button

The Reset push button is located on the right side flounge of the Wirnet™ iZeptoCell as follows:

Reset button

Figure 120: Reset button

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Short press the “Reset” button (<5s) to generate a software reset of the product.

Long press the “Reset” button (>5s) to halt the software of the gateway during 2mn. All LEDs
are switched off in this state. This action is preconized before removing power supply to avoid
any risk to alter memory.
The gateway is then reset after 2mn (back to normal functioning).

4.5.1 Wirnet™ iFemtoCell

4.5.1.1 Reset button

The Reset push button is located on the right side flounge of the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell. The
Reset button is identified with the silkscreen “Reset” marking placed on the top side of the
gateway to clearly identify the placement.
The Reset button shall be pressed during 1s to generate a SW reset of the product.
To press the button, a tool with a 1mm diameter shall be used:

Reset

Figure 121: Reset buttons

To press the buttons, a tool with a 1mm diameter shall be used:

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Figure 122: Push button tool

4.5.2 Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution

4.5.2.1 USB-C Connector

The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution integrates an autonomous USB Type-C Port controller
providing logic detection for Source Port role, Sink Port role, DRP and accessory detection
support and Dead Battery support as defined in USB−C specifications.
The USB Type-C Port controller is connected to a dedicated USB PHY of the CPU (OTG1).

The USB-C connector allows then to connect:

- A 5V DC supply as detailed in §4.3.3.1.
- A Wirnet™ Debug Probe, from Kerlink, to use debug mode
- A USB mass-storage stick to upgrade the gateway

The USB-C connector is located at the bottom side of the gateway as shown below:

USB-C
connector

Figure 123: View of USB-C connector

The different pins of the USB-C connector as used to both comply USB type C specification and
allow usage of the Wirnet™ Debug Probe.

Note: In order to connect the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution through the USB-C connector, a
specific cable including USB-C male plug is required. No such cable is provided with the
Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-evolution. The necessary USB-C cables are however provided with
Wirnet™ Debug Probe.

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4.5.2.2 Reset On/Off Push-button

The Reset On / Off push button is located on the right side flounge of the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell-
evolution. The Reset On / Off button is identified with the silkscreen “Reset On / Off” marking
placed on the top side of the gateway to clearly identify the placement.

Reset On / Off
button

Figure 124: Push buttons

The Reset On / Off button shall be pressed during 1s to generate a SW reset of the product.
A long press for 5s turns off the gateway. Another short press turns on the gateway.
To press the buttons, a tool with a 1mm diameter shall be used:

Figure 125: Push button tool

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5 References

[1] AN-KLK03355 - Improving radio coexistence performance of LoRaWAN gateways

[2] AN-KLK03356 - LoRaWAN gateways coverage optimization

[3] AN-KLK03358 - LoRaWAN gateways lightning protection

[4] IEC / EN 60728-11:2016 - Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and
interactive services - Part 11: Safety

End of Document

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