Solution Manual for Principles of

Geotechnical Engineering 8th Edition Das

Sobhan 1133108660 9781133108665
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Chapter 6
G s ρw
6.1 ρd =
G w
1+ s
S

ρw w ρd @ S (kg/m3)

Gs (kg/m3) (%) 70% 80% 90% 100%

5 2228 2273 2310 2340
10 1922 1991 2047 2095
2.65 1000
15 1690 1770 1838 1896
20 1508 1594 1668 1732

The plot is shown below.

2400 S = 70%
S = 80%
S = 90%
2200 S = 100%
Dry Density (kg/m3)

2000

1800

1600

1400
4 8 12 16 20 24
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 w (%)

6.2 Eq. (6.4):

w (%) γzav (kN/m3)
γ 9.81 9.81
γ = w
= = . 5 23.18
w + 0.3731
zav
1 1
w+ w+ 10 20.73
Gs 2.68 15 18.75
20 17.11
The table can now be prepared. 25 15.74

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6.3 γ
γd =
Weight of W w(%)
γ = 1+
Volume soil mass, W V w 100
(ft3) (lb) (lb/ft3) (%) (lb/ft3)
1
30 3.92 117.6 5.0 111.9
1
30 4.12 123.6 7.5 114.9
1
30 4.29 128.7 10.0 117.0
1
30 4.37 131.1 12.5 116.5
1
30 4.45 133.5 15.0 116.0
1
30 4.35 130.5 17.5 111.0
1
30 4.20 126.0 20.0 105.0

a. The plot of γd versus w is shown. γd(max) ≈ 117.5 lb/ft3 @ wopt = 10.8%

Gsγw (2.68)(62.4)
b. γ d = ; 117.5 = ; e ≈ 0.42
1+ e 1+ e

wGs (0.108)(2.68)
S= = = 0.684 = 68.4%
e 0.423

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6.4 γ
γd =
Weight of W w(%)
γ = 1+
Volume soil mass, W V w 100
(ft3) (lb) (lb/ft3) (%) (lb/ft3)
1
30 3.70 111.0 9.9 101.0
1
30 3.77 113.1 10.6 102.2
1
30 3.91 117.3 12.1 104.6
1
30 4.03 120.9 13.8 106.2
1
30 4.11 123.3 15.1 107.1
1
30 4.14 124.2 17.4 105.8
1
30 4.12 123.6 19.4 103.5
1
30 4.07 122.1 21.2 100.7

a. The plot of γd versus w is shown. γd(max) ≈ 107.1 lb/ft3 @ wopt = 15%

G s γw (2.7)(62.4)
b. γ d = ; 107.1 = e ≈ 0.57
1+ e
;
1+ e

wG s (0.15)(2.7)
S= = = 0.71 = 71%
e 0.57
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 M
6.5 Volume of Mass of ρ=
mold V wet soil M V w ρd

(cm3) (kg) (kg/m3) (%) (kg/m3)

943.3 1.47 1558.3 10.0 1416.6
943.3 1.83 1940.0 12.5 1724.4
943.3 2.02 2141.4 15.0 1862.0
943.3 1.95 2067.2 17.5 1759.3
943.3 1.73 1833.9 20.0 1528.2
943.3 1.69 1791.5 22.5 1462.4

a. The plot of ρd versus w is shown. ρd(max) ≈ 1870 kg/m3 @ wopt = 15%

ρ d ( field) ⎛ ρ d ( field) ⎞
b. R(%) = ×100 = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟(100)
ρ d (max) ⎝ 1870 ⎠

Therefore, ρ d (field ) = (0.97)(1870) ≈ 1814 kg/m3

From the graph, the acceptable range of moisture content is 13.5% – 16.5%.

35
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 17.3
6.6 γ(in situ) = 17.3 kN/m3; γ d (in situ) = = 14.91 kN/m 3 ; γd(compacted) = 18.1 kN/m3
16
1+
100

Volume of soil to be excavated = (2000)⎜⎛

18.1 ⎞
⎟ = 2,428 m
3

⎝ 14.91 ⎠
Weight of moist soil to be transported = (2428 × 17.3) = 42,004 kN
(42004)(1000)
Number of truck loads = = 235.9 ≈ 236
(20)(2000)(4.45)

6.7 Dry weight of solids required at the embankment site:

G × 9.81⎞
W = 5000γ kN = (5000)⎜ ⎛ s ⎟ = 28,029G kN
s d s
⎝ 1.75 ⎠
Volume to be Total

Borrow Ws γ d at borrow pit excavated Cost/m3 cost

Pit (kN) from borrow pit = ($) ($)
(k /m3)
[Ws/γd (borrow pit)]
2.65 ×9.81
I 74276.8 = 14.44 5143.8 m3 8 41,150
1 + 0.8
2.68 ×9.81
II 75117.7 = 13.83 5431.5 m3 5 27,157
1+ 0.9
2.71 ×9.81
III 75958.6 = 12.66 5999.8 m3 9 53,998
1 +1.1
2.74 ×9.81
IV 76799.4 = 14.53 5285.5 m3 12 63,427
1+ 0.85

a. Shown in table.
b. Borrow Pit II

⎡γ −γ ⎤⎡ γ ⎤
From Eq. (6.20): Dr = ⎢
d ( field ) d (min) d (max)
6.8 ⎥⎢ ⎥
γ d (max) − γ d (min) γ d (field)

⎡ γ d ( field ) − 15.5 ⎤ ⎡ 18.9 ⎤

35
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 0.75 = ⎥⎢ ⎥; γ = 17.91 kN/m 3
⎢
⎣ 18.9 −15.5 ⎦ γ d (field)
d (field)

36
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 γ d (field ) ⎛ 17.91 ⎞
R (%) = (100) = ⎜ ⎟(100) = 94.8%
γ d (max) ⎝ 18.9 ⎠

γ d ( field ) γ d ( field )
6.9 R = 0.935 = = ; γ d (field ) = 15.87 kN/m 3
γ d (max) 16.98

⎡ γ d (field) − γ d (min) ⎤⎡ γ d (max) ⎤ ⎛ 15.87 −14.46 ⎞⎛ 16.98 ⎞

Dr = ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ =⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ = 0.598 = 59.8%
γ γ γ
d (max) − d (min) d (field) ⎝ 16.98 −14.46 ⎠⎝ 15.87 ⎠

γ d ( field ) γ d ( field )
6.10 a. R = 0.88 = = ; γ d (field ) = 103.84 lb/ft 3
γ d (max) 118

⎡ γ d (field) − γ d (min) ⎤⎡ γ d (max) ⎤ ⎛ 103.84 − 98 ⎞⎛ 118 ⎞

b. Dr = ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ =⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ = 0.331 = 33.1%
γ γ γ
d (max) − d (min) d (field) ⎝ 118 − 98 ⎠⎝ 103.84 ⎠

γ = (1 + w)γ d (field ) = (1 + 0.13)(103.84) = lb/ft3

117.33

6.11 In the field:

Sand used to fill the hole and cone: 6.08 kg – 2.86 kg = 3.22 kg
Sand used to fill the hole: 3.22 kg – 0.118 kg = 3.102 kg
3.102 kg
Volume of the hole: 3
= 0.001792 m 3
1731kg/m

3.34
Moist density of compacted soil: = 1863.84 kg/m 3
0.001792

(1863.84)(9.81)
γ = = 18.28 kN/m 3
1000
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 γ 18.28
a. γ d = = = 16.3 kN/m3
w(%) 12.1
1+ 1+
100 100

b. From Problem 6.5: ρd(max) = 1870 kg/m3

37
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 (1870)(9.81)
γ d (max) = 1000
= 18.34 kN/m3

γ d ( field ) 16.30
R= = = 0.888 = 88.8%
γ d (max) 18.34

3 1 1 3 1 1
6.12 S N = (1.7) 2 + 2 + 2
= (1.7) 2 + 2 +
= 11.02
(D50 ) (D20 ) (D10 ) (1.98) (0.31) (0.18)2

Rating: GOOD

CRITICAL THINKING PROBLEM

6.C.1 a. Osman et al. (2008) method: Eqs. (6.13) through (6.16) are used to calculate
wopt and γd(max). These values are listed in the following table.

b. Gurtug and Sridharan (2004) method: Eqs. (6.11) and (6.12) are used to calculate
wopt and γd(max) . These values are listed in the following table.

c. Matteo et al. (2009) method: Eqs. (6.17) and (6.18) are used to calculate wopt
and γd(max), only for the modified Proctor tests. These values are listed in the
following table.

Part a a Prt b aPrt c

wopt γd(max)
Soil γd(max) γd(max) γd(max)
E (Exp.) (Exp.) wopt wopt wopt
(kN-m/m3) (%) (kN/m3) (%) (kN/m3) (%) (kN/m3) (%) (kN/m3)
1 2700 8 20.72 0.69 23.52 10.34 18.77 6.94 20.37
600 10 19.62 0.93 21.73 14.31 17.46
354 10 19.29 1.02 21.11 15.70 17.02
2 2700 20 16.00 32.26 11.31 13.57 17.69 19.44 16.6
600 28 13.80 43.92 9.82 18.78 16.08
354 31 13.02 48.01 9.90 20.61 15.55
3 2700 15 18.25 13.04 18.74 23.91 14.64 17.56 16.62
1300 16 17.5 15.33 17.80 28.37 13.50
600 17 16.5 17.76 17.07 33.09 12.38
275 19 15.75 20.20 16.61 37.85 11.34
4 600 21 15.89 36.45 11.89 24.15 14.58
5 600 18 16.18 3.74 20.95 18.78 16.08
6 600 17 16.87 12.15 18.62 19.67 15.82
7 600 12 18.63 4.67 20.69 16.10 16.89
8 600 15 17.65 8.41 19.65 16.99 16.62

37
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 d. The plots of calculated values against experimental results are shown in the
figures below. The 45° line of equality is also drawn in both figures.

50

40
wopt (%) - Calculated

30

20

10 Osman et al. (2008)

Gurtug and Sridharan (2004)
Matteo et al. (2009)
Line of Equality
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
wopt (%) - Experimental

38
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 e. Prediction of wopt: For both the Osman et al. (2008) and Gurtug and Sridharan
(2004) models, several data points are closely packed around the 45° line
suggesting reasonable agreement between the calculated and experimental
values. For the remaining soils, a poor agreement is observed. All 3 points for
the Matteo (2009) model plot near the equality line showing close agreement.

Prediction of γd(max): Most data points for all models show good agreement
between the calculated and the experimental values.

Empirical models are often limited to the materials, test methods, and
environmental conditions (among other factors) under which the experiments
were conducted and the models developed. For new materials and conditions,
the predicted values may not be reliable.

39
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 40
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