AMBO UNIVERSITY

HACALU HUNDESA CAMPUS INISTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF HYDRAULIC AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING

RIVER ENGINEERING

Work out
3
m
1. Design a regime channel for a discharge of 50 and a silt factor f = 1.1 using lacy
s
theory. Assume a trapezoidal channel of 0.5:1(H: V).
2. An irrigation canal is to be constructed in a course alluvium gravel with nominal diameter
of 5cm. The channel is to carry 3 m3/s and longitudinal slope S= 0.01. The Banks of the
channel will be Protected by a grass against score (n= 0.028). Find the minimum width of
channel?
Given d=0.05m> 6mm
s=0.01, Q=3𝑚^3/s, n=0.028
Solution d=11RS,
R=d/11S,
R=0.05/11*0.01, R=0.45m
Q=1/𝑛A𝑅^(2/3) 𝑆^(1/2),
A=0.084/(〖0.45〗^(2/3)∗√0.01),1.43=b*y,b=1.43/0.45=3m
3. Water flow at a depth of 0.6m in a wide stream having a bed slope of 1:2500. the median
diameter of the sand bed is 1.0 mm. Determine whether soil grains are stationary or
moving and comment.

Soln: d=1mm< 6mm we can’t use shields equtn, since Re in this

case will be less than 400. We will, therefore, the general
equation which is valid for all size of d.
0.0417 d mm2
τ c =0.0158+
√1+0.177 d mm
2
 2
0.0417∗1
2 =0.53N/m
τ c =0.0158+ 2

√1+0.177∗1
1
,τ =9.81*0.6* 2500 =2.35N/m
o
2

Since
τ >τ ,
o c

the soil grains will not be stationary ,∧the scouring∧sediment transport will occur .

4. A canal is to be designed to carry a discharge of 56m3/s . The slope of the canal is

1:1000. the soil is course alluvium having a grain size of 5cm. Assuming the canal to be
unlined and trapezoidal section. Determine a suitable section of the canal. Take 37o for
internal friction angle and n=0.028
Q=56𝑚^3/s,d=0.05m,n=0.028,s=0.001,∅=37°
Solution: First of all, let us choose suitable side slopes, such that 𝜃< ∅. Let 𝜃 be 30°.

√ √
' 2
τc 2
sin 30 (0 .5 )
τc
=
1− 2
sin 37
1− =
(0.622 )
=0.557
Therefore, minimum shear stress required to remove the grain on side slope is given by

'
τc=0.557 τ c

i.e, τ ≤0.557τ (for stability)

o
'
c

But the shear stress actually going to be generated on the side slopes of a channel of given R and
S, from

0.75 γ w RS ≤ 0.557 τ �c
γ d w .d d
But τ �c = γ w RS = (d=11RS,RS= )
11 11
γ w .d
∴ 0.75 γ w RS ≤ 0.557*
11
 (0.557∗0.05)
RS= ,R=2.38m
0.75∗11
y=R
With 20% factor of safety, use y = 2.8 m.
Hence, choose the depth as 2.8 m. Let us now choose the base width b in such a way as to have a
disharge of 56 cumec. Let us use hit and trial method to determine b,

x=2.8m*√ 3,=4.85
A=(b+x)y=2.8(b+4.85)=2.8b+13.58
P=b+2√ 4.852 +2.82 =b+2√ 4.852 +7.84 =b+5.6
1 1
v= * R2 /3* S1 /2= * R2 /3*0.0011 /2=1.223 R2 /3
n 0.028
Choose a number of trial values of b and assuming a depth of 2.8 m, proceed by the forming
table , till a discharge of 56 cumec is reached at the value of b.

b in A=2.8b+1 P=b+1 R=A V=1.13 Q=A

2 /3
R

met 3.58) 1.20 /P *V

2 /3
R

ers
3 22 14.22 1.55 1.33 1.635 36
7
4 42
5 48.3
6 54.8
6.3 56.1
7
5. In a wide stream, a suspended load sample taken at a height of 0.3 m from the bed
indicated a concentration of 1000 ppm of sediment load. The stream is 5.o m deep and
has a bed slope of 1:4000. the bed material can be assumed to be of uniform size with a
fall velocity of 2.0 cm/sec. Estimate the con contraction of the suspended load at the mid
depth
Soln.

Where D=5m

6. Determine the bed load transport in a wide channel using the following data:
Depth of flow= 4.5m
Velocity of flow= 1.3 m/s
Bed slope=2.0*〖10〗^(-4)
Kinematic viscosity =1.1*10(-6) m2/s
 D50= 1.14 mm
Use Einstein's formula to solve the question
Soln;R=y =4.5m,V= 1.3 m/s,S=0.0002, v=1.1*10−6 m2/s, D50= 1.14 mm, ss =2.65

1 1
V= * R2 /3* S1 /2,1.3= *4.5 2/ 3*0.00021 /2,n=0.02965
n n

1 1
'
n= (d ¿¿ 1/ 6,= (0.00114 ¿ ¿1 /6 ,=0.0135
24 50 24
'
' n 0.0135
R =R.( ),= 4.5.( ),=1.377m
n 0.02965

( )
3
' n' 2 τ
τ o =τ 0 , 0= γRS
n

w o= fall velocity =G √ gd ( s s−1 )=0.105m/s

√ √
2 2
2 36 v 36 v
G= − 3 −
3 g d ( s s−1 ) 3
g d ( s s −1 )

[ ]
3
qb τ o'
∴ =40
wo . d γd ( ss −1 )

[ ]
3
qb γ R' S  
=40
wo. d γd ( s s−1 )
q b=1.5027*10−5 *m3/s/m width of the channel.
Bed load by weight( gb )
gb =q b* γ w ¿ s s

= (1.5027*10−5 *9.81*103*2.65)N/sec/m

=0.39N/s/m
7. Design a stable channel which carries 25m3/s discharge with the bed load concentration
of 40ppmm by weight. The mean grain size of the bed material is 0.3mm, use Lacey's
regime perimeter and Meyer- peters formula.
8. Design a stable lined channel to carry a discharge of 50 m3/s. the longitudinal slope is
1:900. assume a suitable value of side slopes and good brick lining where n=0.015.
9. Design a concert lined canal to carry 350 m3/s at a slope of 1:6400. the side slopes may
be taken as 1.5H:1V. Take n=0.013 assume the limiting depth of the channel to be 4.0m.
Cross Drainage Design