'l

hnt'ct'ot(eJ

Isp%*y,L -.Dp- O
-
J*
(\ a+t * Vvr y = ct )
fu*l*,/oy' e 4 rv,(f n) - o
)t

+ft'v)f +fv'i :.'o

#
ry -Fev.V-o
-bt J

Fl u3o D r es drtyucr.Lt( bvw V

t[ +
v'aA* Lot4
t^&tr*o.i =-7i
-b4
l
fV

.lryl
l

u t l
l#) 4v[:
b b l i<<1
l :
l
)

f
lry +/
/kl
tlq .rry.lH axl IrAl ld*l

l
 ry' l" catilu/,d
/r ux4q/u'rAt/ A*ft/ /
a /a
@
/^ f letiah a /;nra le kryb^rt, iafty* r / 4 Paraab{
il( trr44-
t --\

hr/
#
-bt d
r/ o
-\r

EV € - J -, \ / o*
': \.L t
, (L/i,V =-\-s.
V '
'J)V - 4.)
;"f r)
d T e t v
.t
.
^ A r t r
=\
AV
= + v l v ) + 4t r " t _ ,q\ : -\i x (v^
, y/
2t /
lr z _ /, f/ J a vl l i
, I
l
, l

re( uil;
f"
) r , / t t / ' +

/a infr7r,"/ /"/ l A
"/fr*u,
i s
/
t
/
l
'

n,2
lt

| ry.J, */E
.s

-E"R,)
*b ' i r,'
/ nfu
l t ^ \
i
|

) AX
t
./ i I z
| 2 p A / i
*') =a
t- :,,
[- J
I
f

(v kv): o ) /txf o)

,J
fun/uWu unilr,o
J
u("avnanI

t V Auh/"TL
veloaila
v 6! << -Y E l*ac;aa, &
L f L *%f'l-/ il l;*rL-r
fr"ecuaa,6"A.
 @
fl kntbro {*'ovqa/ su {s'w'/a4 eLtil ,oTo
/e#U,, sr4 , rlule/* O *#' '*/ /re6a q rc(.

)nunt/rtuh?"
,f'/'
{tX' sq
,f "'(

/ua efi*aabi fu /a yff*'/"/ fu ltt /t;*,laaJ/, /n

(cuaab'L /, truhr (det/o,
/ut/**nt
f"r!,/-/)
vv 4\r'
4
L i 7 ' L
/l tr '/
-( /'1
/
Fn/zfurht4
. /
t
,(,,M(r /n /ar43/24
ff*ctt+tYnrl,o
f / , . -
0t+qLo/ae/arft: /os (Camhie-I ,)-(h'0/4 5f/ /
't /*y/a/
t
r / / '
esftrt< t /nL('op?^/"t/4or
$ /

5b frrl\ z_

-
ff
t -
(,?r4
tu'o/e q. u /a nf,fu)j fu *^il,
t/

d( u/4a on{t4 rhioL*e^r"t

&^r\f
f a-'
/ l r l
Un etfu lor(erua_f40,rl;,
r u 4 f u "tffi u lnun/,enLL
U
fua*r/u tulfu" eSfunt'a*Li
l^ *f,/;1
I
e /^ "'&o/"/ /4
#/*:{,o.
 (oru/" V kaernoilo rnas 4 14e,9,
fywenaf
esuecesanbunq/ekar fa caaxnraab,,& e*'*Vd (oz
/4 mas4 nomazfit" /&*"u4?-
',,/
fa corxnnrrrv1* 2 lyf
co*/o & #lr ?hi .#ff c''7ilb , /a'rt & /q
e^e-yh irfrrna del /A,/' It rn*/;a/a a' aae74
unh'r^ /e/ lb" ft ''e r*sa') , /" Hff '/" (-t
(tha ned;/a /e a"o^ ;yrtbrfr ,{ ut/* ;ni'rra*/- &
&ne76fan'/ f,J"

trtrv/t*oot an llu'ulo lrr-oe,r/"abr,tat1e camct,

v . . /,o Vr^
*e:'ht'
(/na- eeco/a ,il./fu?' Z , Ces/e€cudctahq@
{ / 2@
obb^uv4or
Sp
+ 4:V
17 1
?6
^"" 1'
qV
7 yt
- -L- ( a
/

,%
L..

M l^ myfou*fu /,r ,a /e,k e'r

"/f,i1'
nrho tuH4.ar /a W
714
f /'

eshs(a ny'ear/. (nrao )nudrrril,

fr^ f {
"
'3
 6
rLT / 4 /U" (s neresa&**h
?r,o u4/t ct.tr/a,il frt'd& / L "a'
u/a*/" tff /rry'a
ramfrcr'LI (tut,r -7
fZ^
(/, //o1"/nl, o, /-*A bmo unftezlft tuaa&
v /" * -L
e //,t'

r/, ''//u;4. (zz t,mq onr/a /t aetot/o re'zr4cnan<

Va^/'c'/at
/o p*V"fi<c^bi /e eoerTd /e.(;or-i/o rlesr/e t'kz4 &orrt
0{ i,^' pilrf k, /aknfr i a,ro ktq'zrlo ,/ l/u,r/, a /,anei
/r-l *tl f^ or/n .f* /a.sa no /'n'u n<orfu,'eah nu-d-.

l^arr"p;/c;l & /r/rtyabi /s ura on/a /t so,u'r/o /ue&

xn il/rrL,rak^' /nrr* s/ta oo/ut,'atirfula" llsaai/ttes/a
{tylo to*.w.bL lanviscasa, Cott,,t^var.|dr/l rnrtSA /n
fr
v / * t
(i,t,^ciof,(fu f ub'r.
 @i
U +,pv' : o I
I
b t r I
. .--s I
bv +lr = O i
b r f I
I
l a c.to( . I^.o es i^torr
dprrd-< !,r.ev,^o
s cte sf ,'e :aL, lc. u l
Yved"ud,
-l-..u"k e^A\ "* cr,-C^oil. d,e Ou.da-g de gC\n-r( d - (o ..f.ir\a.-r'.^Sl
,
*,,."f t I
-l"e.^"€-ur.(a.w1f,{os lr7tu'
il [-g ./a.v-r-c.Llqg ! ' 4t,-,to { t #.,^^'s I 7
- .-\ ,\
b- p )- bv (J av
--€.f
/ t
'-
('
-bt D+ _D*
rJ-
dT

la- ?^-trc^,l d. firirl.' e Ve vrut-r.L'.- u.,ds

s< v'rLar
/a q*
{t --lbt^h^r d,e n I
I ot ot do- e\^ ng.) rr"*isY'1c{
- , 1 < i ^ - ^ |

le".fu f" r
|
l

Aa /a*w/o/ .?u /tfl.c4 au trc.@ 4ur& z/'

'*, ,*tT/U*
do fo" ,u va/or ,*;/,h (, (t,t I (,i/y
/ns (a
f /&r+,"bae^io^e't
7y'i'o! ;r, /m't&,/o/ *o/'t *f /r*rnca
,t
/ch,rh f i r. I

Clahr{ &O/azP;
&,; Ec. @ /t'e/ez't
L(t

v:o
-5

n
\J

t
-i
l t r
/,cS Cfrru h ios e44fre
'af* /e"rPr'r/a
/ , e utqt&< /4/,y'oy €ott
Y
fr / , /
fr'cr'o4/tfrr.t*fr /toi
?L) 'i &.t-r r/ /rrscrso
, 4 {
$ L///b /<ve+e4 I
LL K,r
/
ft'ftll tt4tCa/4 e4or4
/4,ttO ) r4t 4 c*a/ /a e4/fuh,a /r/ 4/oi/o ;
S
{
ftttftp fu'/4ran#') bt<e!
 (a* f,ior ea /e*tri/a/ ;
P,'t(g r Qla ,rS, rc/uoon*rl"r
, r pp
/p
./ (rf/g
fc^O '(o,
,€/. r!rc,h " r'"
f fu,eda^
?t +(.v'
@\ a'* r- V -:( l
i:\

VfA A

P"4+ ? : c
J A L

h,, tftt{/1 A
)rru lrt rt rre' /e il,. @ , utrh,,loA
'r
tu /a /e]'/n
/, v, /a
N,W '/eRa rU
fTzztYl'nOI .' .

q
[at l 2t +A>(v'V)
a \ .t-\

-.a/r'L
-
z,
|

* - ' rt ,l a s- o Y
/ --\\
. / P Y) q v 7 * - c
\af
D f , a+
)

-/5
/tt
,-l tZ
2f I D+
)-L
lat/
l n

/
-z- ,

:j=(
fl'\
z
V
,?*' \

E c , @€s //o trtt</a €ou a of. /u oa/^ / ,'( cnefr'ot*tth

fr
es ,/ crd*r/'
'(
/^ ^/,f2 'tu/*f"ffanoi de

ffi;, ,& #/+,tilt"

A=
Hr
 A\
i - ' . - - 1 e

rt=/3f __
| :

\pt =F,
t f---,-

lc.f I J
f
/o^/e x=-Q -- 4t*
u tn
+rk _t
lN /r /a /",h/f,o&',q *,?r*7< $ >.Xaz.L
f A
la ry,/r2 /4 *,-z/' ss p"4/oo ruat 1/ran/e e^ /f7,'.''/'t
* rle'Lr/o,, 'fu ,-1;,oo*:L"'A le /eov'/a/
'.?* f."t Z:
6Tne tnarrntuz6 aL ,/a/o mcr?pr
et rzu.,c/z,o
fara 7,<w
ru /f4o'd.osryre enAas€s,

fu rc^'h o
U?t ,'
//fl"lyd- ,oAc,4?(),/ t (r (orzs/arrty'^q
,tl k , h r 4 t 4 " / u{6okne :
,// /

*/"tt'#,2. @
_^2,
a'7 z'rZt

d.lt ?x'

(/ra sa/t,craio9a,naol 2 so;'7/e a tr'' @ un"'

/n'^
enc/a/e sonr& .3* u 7*tr"7' d' 07^'e''{; a /eo<&u"
:f"qu : d-(F-f"l ={ft*a*) @
/-/"
/.o^defr^ un 1"* uu{'u.ue
fu. f (r-nt)*ftstnk*t)
 @
7n,u rrrr,fi^,u"n/ &- n/) ) /n ttur-( fu cau</- ffi*<p
(/I4afunc|oi,/,el/*'r*,yo I rueil/a a,4/ eS/n no,(s/u4
/a /,?L(il'/", e/4 ./ =o 4 uLt h""r7o aqlnbn
rt" ft,
lo, ca,rA'/od x/a l
/(r-^/): {(o *a(*- yD)
M (r/4a ch/o & nrut,& */*fnf /o in{"h*I
, r /
f/oqe
Crt'Ott e/q Lth ,h c,/*o ,/e io/+,r /. *221 (a ,n Lr'6r'' ,/esr/e u /<
r /
/
/Ltffit- A 0'{44
/

,i r{e/o*A

&,a"r/o crr.te/ro-rt gflte/4? (.//,14

anla & -houa
, erh /o /.,16. "n^ovio,o/Dv hacrh arLos
/k:: /
a/e/a" fr Mu Lth, ,reloa/a/ a/rbrrorfr, L( gt4
ur4cnruLio le pywoi f -/" '6 ge./Gta
,lftu ,/o: ,?. /n /:
-frinot'a r/e ir;r) /n /o #l*rt 'p*irr4
Torun{,/arl , E., rtyd4_tda
Pu,u ffzzetztrerA ","r1o,/zsctofu es,,/
'f,vUai"' i'L- (
to,, /q 're/ar,dor/ zt :
/-/"

-f"42(
foa
[5/A /cfr.c.t"A e9 /rc,Porc1b,rrrl ,r/ u,rad,*A ,/t /a ftmp/,'
U

fr,u{dt la ftitv'oiidt{n {',/^,,

/+ , e /a anfl r'/t4 dt /a
/ r

rc/ek't/n/ dPla on / a ) u .
 /a irfav|/ad fu ora orla lt eo^{ esnrtf^ /o.@
/a rat2 uMrada /d rq/a' l-*Ca
t l

'uro/,,{/" zu /o/
"kiu*7o'
lt /a a*7/;&,//t Vruo6, ,ld
/V,'C&
/ru'tA
dy' *^/" , JFL , et nedtfu e,44le
srL=-i.o/oa/ ,l-,
(f1)'
tuoI )
i
t zxJo'7o /
_--\_

y'rc.u'oo,
d! *o^'A /e ,e6r+nua
 Tl$. I
-Lseqftopicr,
t

{
n-- i
U.S-te.Cro \1.a.kro

|a,u on //,1. )ncoVlt<"'LL LLon.s(ar:o , /a ,e/rrr"/oy'

,1 l/rJ" V p fr, fres."i / esfu,7rcArob,.o,/ate4
/,fr*-/gs /a /"f ,/r ,,r,1 /iaea,y'.,,
7c,rfut a amenfr
/^ ecuacrb;' y'e '8e*'^^ou//,'
fon
B ds+($.e -i r.)-/5.+_;q) _c
tr'o_^ (z
\2. eT-d-_, /
f
s1'V (vfl:o , dsxl =.a
(4artfu (/n 4/up no dscoso oeca*rprw'LL nn fur/eoroc
usar fa (ctarr/; /, &.r,au/|, (et,(A /o/r/e^riol
".?:*
/,Loe) cors/r",nrtn /o /"n" ,fu /a lzea t4 etrn^rnft
* &n7edo-a /t h /4/4zf'/q . Ea eth lasa /e/*ns
(/?tr /€r^rnoil'ni,ru'us etpl'c.zk1 C,orno /.1
/n'nar/,A: .g-.^(
);fr.na/r/ #r,/,
eua,,.fln car/r'/yze tt7oor'*,'u,/. ,/r r,nu
+a,kt,/a ,t //,,,/,
I

/n o(,nna i,or4*./ ,& /" 14 h *o*edl"ior,c<

(S:
U /rrtzera ry

/l[' ./[,(t.!
(i;./'-Aw),/r
i R)
r ,r
ds

f[r (i,)ds
"ff ,i/,
 @
dor/u 7- es .( ut/.*V- 6scaga, ?2 es /a nan'rn4
afunrlct,trh lL /ot n/rcler/orct /{ l/",'/" ? €,
2
/a /-a^ ,il //rJt /, ta/or /or u*,/a,/ /e '?t*tr o hn i
deura t'y.ifra'e ,^ ,1' ,(u,t
fu' cortvor/rr-,nr, {tr1" qdoub,na,o r'
T:CI t/

A=o"/
{
k,@ f r r c r { u r ea . :
ff /
( t *v=-fi.*)V,il.ds
//f
J/
J ' .7
5

,-7> lt / t
fa /.a( f/u1o
r cnrnptv bhS /or/r / /4 /.n4j/u4nasntbrt
u { . / /*u
es fuf*ciaLL a/au/o /o utu/o
o%n*d" a
/, (- 'to'rn
fl"eaq

ftylt'and-, la tr"' @ o ,/ //r1o a /o /ago 6/aunq /,2e4

dt urn'yn
,
,LAn'o ( esfadodr esfarca.,a'i), atTat *q ida,ah,
'/ //"eVielaZes
{'r'*d": ?o. -, , /r'ue*,os :
" z A
V - t= 1^. ,
Z
""+h
 T/f hoviscs dh L l"'
h adaaba"h'tn
a
fiifu,p,Efu u n 4
l u . {
w

a'{r* l*- /,t {fu,^/,o

24o /T il /o T f
/*oao{', 4;*,.,,C q
furnaneGeun*^ft

I
16 a. l. l^u A-u v\a l -
Ir n'go. COrner'nfq ela uv\ {l:f
Ui. - 5 t,.
eS{o*orrucunr.o 5

, , i

) !

q 0.2 0,6 0.8 1.0

'p)/p,

ity v and temperatureT of superheatedsteamflowing isentropically

rf p' = l0Obar,Ts = 1073K, and ps = 20.59*S/*t plotted
as a
hangep" -p. (Data from Thomas F. Irvine, Jr. and Jamesp. Hartnett,
es in sl units,washington DC: Hemispherepublishing corp,)
 , @
1- /., rl, lo fin*&'r{',.,ca, /rJ>u^ (qniz.t
Vray,>6a/a;
*.?a' ird*no il, &fa.J"n aLs/,'{q,, !
) ^hV,a
Ft/*,t f, wV,zla/a ukq rc]"abaa/qs)na.2*,*Jo/^^/-e
f-
/a 2/o * /" dgrr.,4rn--r* *. /^ vbnua,
k
i ,
) 7da=4t*tr#)
l
I

1,/*> ,o/"/7a,t =A*ff

ft"/" 7A: /n7tdalet/o#*o,
,/ a/o,,tryol.'olTorriuutf*o/,,
, ,, =(#) , b ,l aulo.
efecf$,.la rolr,.o^ ,rnu"{'"t* 0..'=E) r'ut
.
i t " r/ t '
La2" /+ lr /^ {ul"4,nt*r^ Kc'th'/o*""''
1 l /dzs+
'1 rla
(i-i,t
I =
fo' fu
ecuu4d, id^"{5'" f f* Z Ia"n;aV4
A^
soeJ.o flr .r^ 5*J ide*{ esj A
a ,==!r[yy?fl.
GT q
1
u^lea*L;o
, .
)>r)tW*"ca le v" ;/e"/ , lot &-nLv3
?ao, 7t
d,'rh*,"{a zu/e{o}, t', da^a/a/7./ty" ('- T
^fduy drl n^+ es
h' 't!-dkf =-{-dl^f=!/4 =7il^a
f + ' i ;
! I
l
I
 h'Fl
..--=T fr\il
T \f/
0
I
J: b\?f
€

J
P
l€
(n/
*'y',s,
^ lt \(#
_ a

tz)
qs
tr/
b
iiA*ra
l
I
Ur+ i=e^-k6 i-c-o d.e un fl^. id.*{ , f (-,), Qr>,t*ti,
I
Sl
i
/ \
Ct* er^
"4 rqv\6-
J* &f*-fu',o.F* d€'0 Ch" + f :erT,
f -
€,la$owceS:
I

V=

I
ztu(q -r) - (n,
\ L,Efb4lnl)"
5i o,, ) V**x-,l-r@
:
t- l

a d 4l-ei
.
' ' J l {*.r. ivrcor,^p.een!"
I + V,"*:W = rl:RE
.
d4 +ty *y
MI l^ kafio&A
ry lo ^trlA
*tsn'bk r, iilvno, es
d"(" Pt"p (eibh f.v- *-t'tac$or
1nco^,p
ft I t-.\-A.]
::n Lr,v
' d
i l l I \ Cf/g : rly /Q'-rI'^ (ure_1
.' t i | 5t( .-t) = | rET
p,o vr'ei'r-efu /u a.rargZ '/
tl t
F/I "/" g ynLtra en ka4|dez ;o#,-, u /4/ ;i-&s
I
, ^ Ifr I'/
{ /q ) /
/ / / U
idea.( ffi c,,Jar(/{.,rvna'n^a. /+twpet-a*fua camt c.uu,nah, w y'(y'of
;, - / 1" - T, - - ' (

Me a_ce@.
i l
 tr, rtwtu.q
/ /"-r rc/A-(a"a-z+.g4 A14 ;sor-J-LV,'(a
@
q?'r'o
e,< rb*/.,io,f^- tt "s$ Cebra
/^ f
rem'af 2o tt I

=
* ft"H['- o'ol) (M

r ={t\o-'ru
T {h/
fit
I
r'
l

ff)
3
qs
bf-0/xt

t l
l-..-, r T /t T
\ ,
l l \

The vqriations of the rati V/Vt,, Tf Ts andpf p, with pressureratiopf p, for

flow of a pprfectgashaving"y 1.4.