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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METODHOLOGY

A. Research Method

In this research, the researcher uses the experimental research

to know the real data that got from the respondent. Experimental

research is a research method that tests the hypothesis which has the

form of cause and effect relations by manipulating dependent

variables during manipulating time, the writer has to control

extraneous variables, perhaps the transitional that occurred really as

an effect of manipulating which is out caused by other variables.

Nunan, experiments are carried out in order explore that strength of

relationship between variables. (david nunan research method n

language newyork Cambridge univer press 1992 p. 24-25)

The data analysis uses is the quantitative research it means

that the writer collects the data from the field and must go to place

of the research. Moreover, in this research the writer uses quasi-

experiment because in the research there will be pre-test and post-

test get the data. Two classes where involved in this research, it is

experimental class and control class. The experimental class consists

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of the students who received treatment. However, the control class

was not. Both classes received a pre-test on whatever instrument is

used to assess the effect of the experiment before the treatment has

been given. To make this research more clear, the writer provided

the research design as follows:

Table: Research Design

No Class Pre-test Treatment Post-test

1. Experimental X X X

class

2. Control class X 0 X

B. Place and Time

The writer takes a place of this research at the first grade of

SMA Al-Irsyad Waringinkurung-Serang, which is located at Jl.

Kramatwatu-Waringinkurung KM 3,5 Begogjaya. The writer

chooses that school to conduct this research because students in

SMA Al-Irsyad Waringinkurung felt difficult in English learning,

and the learning strategy such as writing the whole text is not

effective, it makes students were bored in English learning process.

The writer takes this place because the writer is one of teacher there,

so make easy to research.

C. Population and sample

1. Population

The population of the research is students, especially the

tenth grade of SMA Al Irsyad Waringinkurung. There are two

classes in the tenth grade with 53 students.

2. Sample

The sample of this research is students at tenth grade of

SMA Al Irsyad Waringinkurung. The researcher uses two classes.

One class is X IPA that consist of 25 students as experimental

class and the other one is X IPS that consist of 25 students as the

control class.

D. Instrument and Technique of Data Collecting

The research used three kinds of research instruments namely

test, observation, and interview. This technique is used in order to

get specific data related to problems of research. The instruments of

research will be discussed in the followings paragraphs.

1. Test

According to Noam Chomsky “Test one of method or

process to know about students’ ability, knowledge or

performance (skills) in a given domain”24. Then, in order to know

how deep the students’ ability in writing skill, the writer will use

pre-test and post-test. Pre-test is the way to know understanding

about text before treatment and post-test is the way to know

understanding about text after treatment.

a. Pre-test

The pre-test was performed to determine the initial state

between the experimental group and the control group. The

researcher will give the test before implementing scaffolding

technique in teaching to know students’ writing in narrative

text and to get the data of their mastery writing of both two

groups.

b. Post-test

Post-test will be given at the end, after implementing

scaffolding technique in experimental group and traditional

24
H. Douglas Brown, Language Assessment Principles and Classroom
Practice, (Newyork: Longman, 2004) P. 3
 42

method in control group to check the different significant in

student’s writing narrative text of two groups.

2. Observation

The writer observes the application activities of method and

the way to learn writing skill in the class. In this case the

researcher mentioned the condition of the class when teaching

writing in narrative text. This information will be got from :

a. The student’s enthusiastic in teaching writing in narrative

text through scaffolding technique

b. The situation in the class of English subject, especially in

teaching and learning writing skill through scaffolding

technique.

3. interview

Interview is one of technique collecting data,

information, or opinion with conversation and question-answer,

both direct and indirect with data resource. This interview is

referred to the students to get accurately data about their

perception of using “Scaffolding Technique” in teaching

learning process in students’ writing skill.

E. Technique of Data Analyzing

The technique used in this data analysis is the quantitative

method and will be described in statistical form. To analysis data the

writer uses t-Test. The t-Test is the most frequently used measure in

second language research when comparing mean scores for two

groups. It supposed to know whether experimental versus control

class when taking the same test has the same score or not. The writer

uses the following formula25 :

1. To search Mean Variable X with formula :

∑𝑋
𝑀𝑋 =
𝑁

2. To search Mean Variable 𝑌 with formula :

∑𝑌
𝑀𝑌 =
𝑁

3. Determine the total square of error in experimental

class, with formula:

25
Anas Sudjiono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, (Jakarta: PT Raja
Grafindo Persada, 2003). p. 317
 44

(Ʃ𝑥)2
Ʃ𝑥 2 = Ʃ𝑥 2 −
𝑁

4. Determine the total square of error in control class,

with formula:

(Ʃ𝑌)2
Ʃ𝑌 2 = Ʃ𝑌 2 −
𝑁

5. To calculate 𝑡−𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 with formula :

𝑀𝑥 −𝑀𝑦
6. 𝑡=
∑ 𝑥2 +∑ 𝑦2 𝑁𝑥 +𝑁𝑦
√(𝑁 +𝑁 −2) ( 𝑁 .𝑁 )
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦

𝑀𝑋 = Mean score of the experiment class

𝑀𝑌 = Mean score of the control class

∑ 𝑋 2 = Sum of square deviation score in experiment

class

∑ 𝑌 2 = Sum of square deviation score in control class

𝑁𝑋 = Number of students of experiment class

𝑁𝑌 = Number of students of control class

2 = Constant number
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7. Determine the 𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 with formula:

df = 𝑁𝑋 + 𝑁𝑌 − 2

F. Research Procedure

The procedure of this research can be described as follow:

1. Observation the English teaching activity, student and teacher

2. Provide pre-test of the experimental class and control class before

the researcher gives treatments

3. Provide treatment to the experimental class by using Scaffolding

technique, while the control class without using Scaffolding

Technique.

a. Experimental Class

1) Preparation

Preparing the lesson plan

Preparing the materials and

Design the strategy of learning in the class

2) Implementation

 Preparing the students to ready and follow the lesson like

praying, checking attendance, preparing lesson book,

preparing assessing sheet, etc.

 Motivating students contextually what are the benefits of

learning narrative text

 Explaining the goal of learning, competence, literation,

and the characters to be achieved

 Teacher explains about the strategy

 Teacher explains the materials about narrative text,

definition, the aims, generic structure, and language

features of narrative text.

 Teacher gives eX IPAmple, and explains the generic

structure and language features based on the eX

IPAmple.

 Teacher invites the students’ achievements or gives an

opportunities to ask to teacher.

 Before teacher gives the task, teacher gives model of

steps to making narrative text and students follow and

try to make what teacher give.

 Teacher reduces to offer a help and feed back to students

when students began to master contents.

 The teacher asks students to make narrative text. this

step is scaffolding learning activities, students

development will in level, teacher still provides

motivation in this process.

 After the task is done teacher checks and evaluates the

learning

 Teacher invites the students to give argument and to

explain the result of their task to other students.

 The teacher gives the feedback

b. Control Class

1) Preparation

 Preparing the lesson plan

 Preparing the materials that will be discussed

2) Implementation

 Preparing the students to ready and follow the lesson like

praying, checking attendance, preparing lesson book,

preparing assessing sheet, etc.

 The teacher asks the students to read the text

 The students are asked to answer question about

narrative text

4. Provide post-test to the experimental class and control class.

5. Interview with the students experimental class about using

scaffolding technique in learning process

6. Analyzing the data from pre-test and post-test

7. Drawing the interpretation based on the result of the analysis of

data and making conclusion