National Chiao Tung University Laboratory Manual 10

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering May 14, 2012

Computer Intelligence on Automation(C.I.A.) Lab Prof. Hung-Pin(Charles) Wen

UEE1303(1070) S12: Object-Oriented Programming

Inheritance (II)

What you will learn from Lab 10

In this laboratory, you will learn how to use multiple inheritance.

TASK 10-1 ACCESS TO BASE CLASSES

In the following example, B is a public base for X. Please fix the compiler error here.
//lab10-1.cpp
#include <iostream>

class B
{
private:
int i;
protected:
float f;
public:
B() { i =0; f = 0.0; d =0.0; }
double d;
void g1(B b){f = b.f;}
};

class X: public B
{
protected:
short s;
public:
X() {s=0;}
void g2(X x) {f = x.f;}
void g3(B b) {f = b.f;} //comment
};

int main()
{
B b1;
X x1;
x1.g1(b1);

return 0;
}

 Please modify B as a protected base and compiler the program again.

 Here provide guidelines for access control:

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National Chiao Tung University Laboratory Manual 10
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering May 14, 2012
Computer Intelligence on Automation(C.I.A.) Lab Prof. Hung-Pin(Charles) Wen

 If B is a private base, its public and protected members become private members of
derived class.
 If B is a protected base, its public and protected members become protected
members of derived class.
 If B is a public base, its public members become members of derived class and its
protected members become protected members of derived class.
 The access control for protected member, similar to private member, is that only its
member and friend can access it. However, the protected member can become private,
protected or public members of derived class but private member cannot. Therefore,
protected members of a class are designed for use by derived classes and are not intended
for general use.

TASK 10-2 MULTIPLE INHERITANCE

A class can be directly derived from two or more base classes. This is called multiple
inheritance. The class Circle_in_Triangle is derived from classes Circle and Triangle.
// lab10-2
#include <iostream>
using std::cout; using std::endl;

class Point2D
{
private:
int x;
int y;
public:
Point2D(){x = 0;y=0;}
void display() const;
// …
};

class Circle
{
private:
Point2D center;
double radius;
public:
void draw();
//…
};

class Triangle
{

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National Chiao Tung University Laboratory Manual 10
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering May 14, 2012
Computer Intelligence on Automation(C.I.A.) Lab Prof. Hung-Pin(Charles) Wen

private:
Point2D *vertices;
public:
// …
~Triangle(){delete [] vertices;}
void draw();
};

class Circle_in_Triangle: public Circle, public Triangle

{
public:
// …
void draw()
{
Circle::draw();
Triangle::draw();
}
};

int main()
{
Point2D p;
Point2D *vec = new Point2D [3];

Circle_in_Triangle ct(p,0,vec);
ct.draw();

return 0;
}

TASK 10-3 AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION

When two base classes have members with the same name, they can be resolved by using the
scope resolution operator.
// lab10-3.cpp

/* add area() for class Circle */

/* add area() for class Triangle */

int main()
{
Point2D p;
Point2D *vec = new Point2D [3];

Circle_in_Triangle ct(p,0,vec);
ct.draw();

cout << "Area of Circle: " << ct.Circle::area() << endl;

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National Chiao Tung University Laboratory Manual 10
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering May 14, 2012
Computer Intelligence on Automation(C.I.A.) Lab Prof. Hung-Pin(Charles) Wen

cout << "Area of Triangle: " << ct.Triangle::area() << endl;

cout << "Area of Circle_in_Triangle: " << ct.area() << endl;
return 0;
}

The compiler shows the error message “request for member `area' is ambiguous” on
screen.

A using-declaration can bring different functions from base classes to a derived class and
then overload resolution can be applied. You can add “using Triangle::area;” in
Circle_in_Triangle and compiler the program again.

TASK 10-4 REPLICATED BASE CLASSES

With the possibility of derivation from two bases, a class can be a base twice.
// lab10-4.cpp

class Shape
{
protected:
int color;
};
class Circle: public Shape
{
// definition in lab10-3
}
class Triangle: public Shape
{
// definition in lab10-3
}
class Circle_in_Triangle: public Circle, public Triangle
{
public:
// …
void draw()
{
cout << "Circle's color: " << Circle::color << endl;
cout << "Triangle's color: " << Triangle::color << endl;
Circle::draw();
Triangle::draw();
}

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National Chiao Tung University Laboratory Manual 10
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering May 14, 2012
Computer Intelligence on Automation(C.I.A.) Lab Prof. Hung-Pin(Charles) Wen

};

 In this example, the colors of a Circle and a Triangle for an object of

Circle_in_Triangle can be different.

TASK 10-5 VIRTUAL BASE CLASSES

Often a base class need not be replicated. That is, only one copy of a replicated class need be
inherited for a derived class object.
// lab10-5.cpp

class Shape
{
protected:
int color;
};
class Circle: public virtual Shape
{
// definition in lab10-3
}
class Triangle: public virtual Shape
{
// definition in lab10-3
}
class Circle_in_Triangle: public Circle, public Triangle
{
public:
// …
void draw()
{
cout << "Circle's color: " << Circle::color << endl;
cout << "Triangle's color: " << Triangle::color << endl;
Circle::draw();
Triangle::draw();
}
};

 In this example, the colors of a Circle and a Triangle for an object of

Circle_in_Triangle are the same since they are inherited for the same base.

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National Chiao Tung University Laboratory Manual 10
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering May 14, 2012
Computer Intelligence on Automation(C.I.A.) Lab Prof. Hung-Pin(Charles) Wen

TASK 10-6 EXERCISE

1. *CIRCLE AND TRIANGLE

Please finish the program lab10-3 and lab10-5 show the area and color information on screen.
Note that you need to define the center and radius of circle, and the vertices of triangle on the
main function. Moreover, the area of Circle_in_Triangle is defined as (area in Triangle –
area of Circle)
Circle’s color: 255
Triangle’s color: 255
Center: 2,2
Radius: 1
Vertices:
2,1
8,1
5,6
Area of Circle: 3.14
Area of Triangle: 15
Area of Circuit_in_Triangle: 11.86

2. EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR STUDENTS

Please develop an evaluation system for students’ performance. There are two different ways
to evaluate the student’s performance: tests and sport. You need to write a base class score,
and two derived classes named test and sport which are inherited from score. Moreover, a
derived class called evaluation is used to conclude the performance of the student and
multiply inherited from test and sport. You may also need a class called student which
contains three members, id, name, and final score (evaluation class), and a class called school
to store all results.

The command-line usage of the evaluation system is

>./ex10-2 performace.txt result.txt

In the input file “performance.txt”, the first line shows the total number of students in the
school. Each row indicates a record for one student. As shown in the sample file, the first and
second columns denote the student’s ID and name, respectively. The later five numbers are the
final scores for different subjects and the last five 1/0s indicate win/loss on different sports
games. If a student is a winner in one sport game, he/she can obtain extra five points on his/her
evaluation report. For example, Tom’s average score on five subjects is 70 and he won three
games to obtain extra 15 points. Therefore, Tom’s final score is 85. The full score is 100.

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National Chiao Tung University Laboratory Manual 10
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering May 14, 2012
Computer Intelligence on Automation(C.I.A.) Lab Prof. Hung-Pin(Charles) Wen

5
991001 Tom 50 60 80 90 70 1 0 0 1 1
991002 Jean 100 90 80 70 60 0 0 0 1 1
991003 Kevin 60 90 100 80 90 0 1 1 0 0
991004 John 100 80 90 70 80 0 0 0 0 1
991005 Marry 50 60 70 90 60 1 1 0 0 0

The context in ‘result.txt’ is

991001 Tom 85
991002 Jean 90
991003 Kevin 94
991004 John 89
991005 Marry 76
Average: 86.8

The main function of the program is shown as follows,

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
school nctu(argv[1]);
nctu.report(argv[2]);

return 0;
}

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