WRITING TASK 1 ACADEMIC

WOMEN

2011 – around 5000

2013 – increased considerably to nearly 10,000
2014 – slightly decreased to under 8,000

COMPARISON: 2013 twice as much as that in 2011.

MEN

2011 – about 3000

2012 – climbed minimally to almost 4,000
2014 – steep rise in figures (peak of approximately 14,000)

COMPARISON: 2014 more than four times higher than that in 2011

OVERVIEW

Beginning – women read more books than men

End – it can be seen that men read more books than women

WRITING TASK 1

The line graph gives information about the number of books that were read by males and
females at the Burnaby Public Library. The data compare figures recorded between 2011 and
2014.

Overall, in the beginning of the study, more books were read by women at the Burnaby Public
Library. However, towards the end of the study, it can be noted that a greater number of books
were read by males compared to that of females.

In detail, among women, the number of books they read at the library increased considerably
from about 5,000 in 2011 to nearly 10,000 in 2013. By comparison, the latter figure was around
twice as much as that recorded in the first year of the study. It can also be seen that there was a
slight decrease in the number of books read by women in the succeeding year, dipping to
under 8,000 in 2014.

A partly identical pattern can be observed among men in which the number of books they read
climbed minimally between 2011 and 2012 from about 3,000 to almost 4,000 a year after. This
number rose steeply in the next two years, peaking at approximately 14,000 by 2014, more
than four times as much as that documented in 2011.
BAR CHART

- Identify the trends

- Grouping values that are close to each other (i.e. legends, variables)
- Highest à lowest
- Approximation
BORN IN CANADA

Cinema – 70%
Zoo/Library – more than a third
Theatre – 20% (less than a quarter)

NEW MIGRANTS BORN IN ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES

Cinema – approximately 65%

Zoo – half
Library/theatre – roughly 40%/about 25%

NEW MIGRANTS BORN IN OTHER COUNTRIES

Library/cinema – 55%/50% (around half)

Zoo – approximately 35%
Theatre – 10% (a tenth)

OVERVIEW

- Cinema is the most popular among people living in Canada (with the exception of new
migrants from other countries who prefer going to the library more)
- Theatre is the lest preferred place to visit among people residing in the country

WRITING TASK 1

The bar chart provides information about the various places that are frequented by different
people who are living in Canada. The data compare the proportion of people visiting cinemas,
theatres, libraries, and zoos.

Overall, the cinema is seen to be the most popular place among people living in Canada, with
the exception of new migrants from other countries who prefer the library more. It is also clear
that the theatre is their least favorite place to visit.

In detail, among those born in Canada, the cinema is noted to be the most preferred, with 70%
of the total residents under this category choosing to visit this place. More than a third of the
residents born in Canada go to the zoo and the library, whereas the theatre has the lowest
popularity, with only 20% of them going to this facility. By comparison, the percentage of
people visiting cinemas is almost four times as much as that for theatres.

Similarly, among new migrants from English-speaking countries, the cinema is still the most
popular with approximately 65% of these residents preferring to go to this place. Exactly half
of them choose to go to zoos, while the library and theatre are considered to be the least
popular , with 40% and 25%, respectively.

A different pattern can be observed among new migrants from other nations as the library is
noted to be the most visited place, followed closely by cinemas, having figures ranging
between 50% and 55%. Over a third visit zoos, while only 10% frequent theatres.
PIE CHART

- Percentages/proportions
- Ranking (highest à lowest)
- Clustering of data
- No approximation
- Percentages may be expressed in words (quarter, half, three quarters, tenth, fifth, etc.)

2008

Educational 24% (almost a quarter)

Environmental 21%
Art 18%
Sport/other volunteer organizations 15% (similar)
Health care 7%

COMPARISON health care volunteers – a third that of environmental organizations

2014

Environmental/sport 29%/25%
Educational 17%
Art 12%
Other volunteer organizations/health care (identical) below 10% each

OVERVIEW

- Highest in 2008 – educational; highest in 2014 – environmental

- Lowest – health care for both years

WRITING TASK 1

The pie charts provide information about the proportion of volunteers according to
organization in two different years. The data compare figures recorded in 2008 and 2014.

Overall, educational organizations had the highest percentage of volunteers in 2008, whereas
in 2014, environmental groups had the greatest proportion. It is also clear that, for both years,
health care was the type of organization with the lowest rates of volunteers.

In detail, in 2008, educational groups were observed to have the highest proportion of
volunteers, with nearly a quarter, closely followed by environmental organizations at 21%. A
slightly lower figure was noted among art organizations at 18%, whereas similar percentages
were observed among sport and other volunteer groups, sharing 15% each. Meanwhile, health
care had the lowest figure at 7%, which was just a third that of environmental organizations.

Six years later, a different pattern was seen in which environmental and sport organizations
had the greatest proportions at 29% and 25%, respectively. There was a considerable
reduction in the percentage of volunteers participating in educational groups, accounting for
17%, whereas volunteers for art organizations made up 12% of the total. Almost identical
percentages were recorded for other volunteer organizations and health care, contributing the
least at below 10% each.

VOCABULARY:
make up, account for, share, contribute, represent, etc.
percentage, proportion, figure, etc.
fifth, quarter, half, three quarters, tenth, etc.

TABLES

- Analyze the task carefully

- Choose an approach (horizontal or vertical)
- Ranking or trending
- Group numbers that are close to each other (clustering)
 - Compare relevant data when necessary

GERMANY

1988 – 20.45%
2000 – increase slightly 25.32% (after 12 years)
2030 – climb further to 30.42% (peak)

CANADA

1988 – 16.32%
2000 – rose minimally to 20.67%
2030 – spike further to 26.35%

COMPARISON: a difference of roughly 10% from that of 1988.

UK
1988 – 14.23%
2000 – almost stable for 12 years 14.89% (similar)
2030 – upward pattern 20.35%

OVERVIEW:

- Increasing pattern 1988-2000-2030

- Germany had always had the highest proportion of people aged 65 and over
- Whereas the UK was seen to have the least

WRITING TASK 1

The table provides information about the changes in the proportion of the population aged 65
and over in three different nations from 1988 to 2000, with predictions for 2030. The figures
compare data collected in Canada, Germany, and the UK.

Overall, the percentage of people who are 65 and above in all three countries rose slightly from
1988 to 2000. It is also clear that Germany had always had the highest proportion of people
aged 65 and over, whereas the UK was seen to have the least, and these trends are likely to
continue until 2030.

In detail, the percentage of people who belong to the 65-year-old bracket and over in Germany
increased minimally from 20.45% to 25.32% over the first 12 years of the study. The latter
figure is likely to reach a peak of 30.42% by 2030, which will be the highest among all of the
countries included in the report.

Similarly, in Canada, there was also a moderate rise in figures starting from 16.32% in 1988 and
climbing to 20.67% in 2000. This is projected to spike in 30 years to 26.35%, a difference of
roughly 10% from that recorded in 1988.

A different trend was noted in the UK in which a stable pattern from 1988 to 2000 was
documented. During this time, the percentage of people aged 65 and above ranged between
14.23% and 14.89%. However, this is expected to follow an upward pattern in the next three
decades to hit 20.35% in 2030.
PROCESS

PROCESS A: CYCLE

- There is no beginning and ending

- Do not use adverbs/adjectives that denote beginning or ending (firstly, in the
beginning, lastly, finally, etc.)
- Describe all of the events that occur and choose a logical starting point to begin the
task

- OVERVIEW:

1. Number of steps
2. Summary of the stages
3. The process repeats

PROCESS B: FLOWCHARTS/MAPS/DIAGRAMS/ILLUSTRATIONS ON HOW THINGS WORK

- There is a clear beginning and ending

- Easiest organize among all types of illustrations
- Look for the starting point and describe the series of events that are to occur

- OVERVIEW:

1. Step-by-step process
2. First step
3. Last step (end product)
4. Tools/parts/equipment
WRITING TASK 1

The diagrams present how cement and concrete are produced. They give information about
the various raw materials required to complete the process and also the procedures involved in
the production of both products.

Overall, manufacturing cement and mixing concrete both involve a step-by-step process. It is
also clear that there are certain machine-operated tools and equipment necessary for these
materials to be produced.

In detail, cement production begins with the raw materials, particularly limestone and clay,
being crushed into powder using a crusher. This powder then enters a mixer and goes through
a pipe where it is delivered into a chamber, called the rotating heater. At this stage, the
powder is subjected to heat before being emptied into a conveyor belt that rolls the product
into a grinder where it gets ground further into cement. After all of these stages are complete,
the cement is packed into sacks and made available to the market.

Concrete production follows a different set of stages. The first step in the process is combining
50% gravel, which are small stones, 25% sand, 15% cement, and 10% water into a concrete
mixer. Once they are placed inside this hollow chamber, the machine rotates clockwise to mix
all the materials inside. After some time, these products will be evenly mixed and converted
into concrete.