UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM

Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM),

40450 Shah Alam,
Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Faculty Of Civil Engineering (FKA)

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
(ECM566)

Prepared By : Ahmad Hanafi Bin Hossen (2019528037)

Aidel Azree Bin Mohamad (2019527831)
Farnandhes Pangit Anak Henry Chukan(2019582387)
Muhammad Ridhwan Bin Madhan (2019527935)
Haziq Azizi Bin Jeman (2019527981)
Muhammad Syabil Hafiz Bin Mohamed Shariffuddin
(2019541937)
Group : EC220 6C2
Programme : EC220 – Bachelor Of Engineering (Hons.) Civil
Faculty : Faculty of Civil Engineering
Prepared for : Dr. Nur Izzati Binti Ab Rani

Deadline: 30th November 2020

Question 1
WHAT IS A
PROJECT
CHARTER?

IN THE CONTEXT OF PROJECT

MANAGEMENT PROCESS
PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES
need to be clear and in concise
language.
REQUIREMENTS OF PROJECT
not too specific on the details
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
briefly explain on the project
KNOWN RISK OF THE PROJECT
list down the categories of the possible
risks
SCHEDULE OF EVENTS WITH THE
START AND END DATES
mark the events and put it in a
calander so that everyone is awared
on the expected dates
BUDGET
the summarised cost of the project
REQUIREMENTS FROM THE
ORGANIZATION FOR APPROVAL
the conditions of approval
who will approve and how it will get
approved
STAKEHOLDERS OR KEY PLAYERS
the decision of the person that will be
in charged
"SMART" METHOD
specific
measurable
attainable or achievable
relevant
time
 MAIN POINTS IN A
PROJECT CHARTER

Project Charter is a document issued by the project initiator or

sponsor that formally authorizes the existence of a project, and
provides a project manager with the authority to apply
organizational resources to the project.

Main
Points ?

Outline the project scope and

objectives
Ensure project sponsors and all
stakeholders are in alignment on a
project
Be a clear, single reference for all
involved in a project
Help project sponsors get approval
of stakeholders when buy-in is still
needed
 BENEFITS OF A
PROJECT CHARTER

It gives an authority to the project manager to

complete the project
Explains the business importance and existence of
project.
Demonstrates Management support for the
project.
Defines outcome for the project.
Aligns project with the organization objectives.
Provides a team with a clear concise reporting
system.
Protects team members from scope creep.
Helps in avoiding disagreements between
stakeholders.
Authorizes the existence of the project or
establishes the project.
Gives the project manager authority to spend
money and procure resources.
Provides the high-level requirements for the
project.
 DEMONSTRATING CONDUCTING
PROJECT THE PROJECT
MANAGEMENT AND ALONG WITH
MANAGEMENT THE
SUPPORT OBJECTIVES

DEFINING THE
PROJECTS PURPOSES OF SETTING OUT THE
MANAGEMENT
SCHEDULE, A PROJECT
EXPATATIONS FOR
BUDGET AND CHARTER RESULTS
DELIVERABLES

TO APPROVE
THAT A
PRACTICING THE
PROJECT HAS
NATURE AND THE
STARTED AND
SCOPE OF WORK
AUTHORIZING
THE PROJECT
Question 2
 What are Input Documents?

Input documents are the first part of the process in developing a project charter, which are
normally documented decisions. According to the PMBOK guide, the following input documents
are essential for developing project charter: business documents, agreements, enterprise
environmental factors (EEF) and organizational process assets (OPA).

1. Business Documents

The business case and benefits management plan are within the
business documents and are sources of information about the project’s objectives
and how it will contribute to the business goals. These two documents are
interdependent and iteratively developed and maintained throughout the life cycle of
the project.

The business case is a documented economic feasibility study and

is used as a basis for authorization of further project activities. This
document lists the objectives and reasons for project initiation and
Business Case may result in the decision to initiate the project or not. The business
case also includes, but not limited to, documenting the business
needs, business situation analysis, recommendation of options to
pursue in the project and an evaluation regarding the project.

Benefits management plan is a documented explanation for the

processes for creating, maximizing and sustaining benefits by a
project. This document describes details of the benefits which may
Benefits
include the target benefits, strategic alignment with business
Management Plan
strategies, timeframe to realize benefits, benefit to owner, metrics to
be used, assumptions to be in place and the risks for realization of
benefits.

2. Agreements

Agreements are the initial plan for a project and can be in a form of
contract, letter, memorandum or an agreement when a project is performed for an
external customer. For the agreement document, its major components will vary
may include the procurement statement of work, pricing terms, insurance or any
kind of agreement that is related with cost, time and conditions that are beneficial to
either party when planning to initiate a project.
 3. Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF) & Organizational Process Assets
(OPA)

The enterprise environmental factors (EEF) and organizational process assets

(OPA) are inputs where the Project Management Institute terms them as influences, which
can affect the Develop Project Charter process.

Enterprise environmental factors (EEF) can either be internal or external to an

organization. Every organization has to exist and work within the EEF. In simple terms, we live
in an environment that influences our work in certain ways. These influences may have
positive or negative impacts on the project. Examples of EEF can be internal and external as
follows:

External EEF Internal EEF

1. Government regulations 1. Organization culture

2. Market conditions 2. Available Resources
3. Industry standards 3. Internal political conditions
4. External political conditions 4. Infrastructure
5. Legal restrictions 5. Type of organization structure

Organizational process assets (OPA) are always internal in an organization. OPA are
inputs of almost all processes in the PMBOK guide and the project management can modify
these OPA according to their requirements. These assets can be stored once the project is
complete when required for future projects. OPA can be divided in two categories:

The second compromises the corporate

The first is for processes, policies and
knowledge for storing and retrieving
procedures for conducting work.
information.

Example:
It includes:
1. Risk register
1. Policies
2. Lessons learned
2. Procedures
3. Stakeholder register
3. Standard templates
4. Past project files
4. General guidelines
5. Historical information

Project management team unable to modify These elements influence the project’s
the elements usually, as it has been provided success and will keep growing as the
by the organization. organization becomes larger.
The project manager can provide feedback It is used to identify risk which is similar from
and suggestions, while the higher-ups can past project records to make a risk checklist
make decisions to modify. and modify it as per recent project.
Question 3
⚫ It is a simple short document ⚫ The item that will be inserted in a
project charter are as follow;
that will give us a full
i. Reasons for constructing the
explanation on the project project.
that will be conducted which ii. The objectives of the
will also include all the construction of the project.
important information. iii. The cost of the project that will
be used.
iv. Stakeholders and any person
who is involved in the project
since they will be given the
authority to manage the project.
v. Any legal document that is
needed to support the approval
of the project construction.

⚫ The primary purpose of having a project charter is it will give the project manager the authority to start the
project upon having the approval from the executives and the project can be start immediately while using
the resources that have been provided so that the project manager may accomplished the objective of the
project.
⚫ The executives of the project can also see the value of the project development if the project charter is
created correctly without any flaws.
⚫ A trainer and principal of PMstudent which is Josh Nankivel once said that, “A project charter should also
serve as an executive overview of your project, one that any new executive can reference to evaluate it. A
good project charter can help save you from unnecessary scrutiny or having your project shut down because
some executives didn’t see the business value in it from their perspective".
⚫ In project management PMI stands for ⚫ PMI requires membership which can
Project Management Institute. For be register through online on their
project management profession, this websites. This PMI membership is for
is the worlds leading not-for-profit those who is an active project
professional organization. The management professional. The
objectives of this organization is to people who is have require the
help those who seek success in membership are mostly project
managing their project and it also manager or practitioners who
provide tools, network and even wanted to sharpen their skills so that
practices to develop one skills. they could take on an event large
Currently, PMI has help more than 2.9 scale project construction. It is best
million professional worker across use within the industries such as
every country in the world. construction, architecture, consulting
and some more.

⚫ PMI also offers a very wide range ⚫ Below are some of the list that we
of credentials and certifications as can get with the help of PMI.
it is acknowledge by every i. Certified Associate in Project
company. PMI will always found Management (CAPM)
something that is fit for a project ii. Project Management
manager either he is new into the Professional (PMP)
society or have experience already iii. Program Management
since PMI has a very high Professional (PgMP)
reputation. Professional will be iv. Portfolio Management
able to recognize the knowledge Professional (PfMP)
and competency that they have as v. PMI Agile Certified Practitioner
PMI has both entry-level and (PMI-ACP)
specialist certification schemes to
help them.
 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

⚫ The definition of expert judgement in this context is someone who can provided a
judgement base on ones expertise in an application area, knowledge area, discipline
and many more as it is appropriate for the activity that is being performed. Any person
or group may provide such expertise with a specialized education, knowledge,
experience or even training.
⚫ For developing a project charter, the expertise must be considered from individuals or
groups that has specialized training or knowledge based on the following topics;
◼ Organizational strategy,
◼ Benefits management,
◼ Technical knowledge of the industry and focus area of the project,
◼ Duration and budget estimation,
◼ Risk identification.

⚫ For developing a project management the expertise that should be considered which
has a specialized knowledge or training are as following topics;
◼ One who can manage the process that can meet the project needs and also can
interacts among other processes to ensure an essential inputs and outputs
achieve.
◼ Someone who can determine which tools and techniques that need to be used to
complete a process
◼ A person who prioritize the work project and can ensure that the resource
allocated is appropriate for the work and the project can be finished on time.
⚫ Thus, we can conclude that expert of judgement is one of the many tools that is needed
to have while developing a project charter.
⚫ There are many ways of data gathering for a project. We are not limited on our ways of gathering data unless by
using the wrong ways. Below are several ways of obtaining data for a project;

Brainstorming
⚫ This might be the more traditional ways of data gathering since it will be the first
technique that we will think of since it only need us to use our brain and produce
ideas.
⚫ This technique is best use when there is a group environment which led by any
facilitator to think of a list of ideas in a short period of time.
⚫ Brainstorming is one of the ways for people to gather data or even find a solutions
based on the subject matter.
Focus Group;
⚫ In this technique, people are being gather together to focus on a subject that
is needed to be solved.
⚫ This can bring together stakeholders and experts to learn about the
perceived project risk, the success criteria, and other topics in a more
conversational way which can be done in a group.
⚫ This technique is a good way to learn about what is the opinions of other
about a problem that occurred in a project.

Interview
⚫ This technique of data gathering is
usually used when one needs to enquire
an information that is very high-level
requirements, assumptions or
constraints, approval criteria and other
information from the stakeholders by
talking to them directly.
⚫ This is best use when there is a serious
matter which will directly need to deal
with the stakeholders approval.
Conflict management
• The proficiency in handling
differences between clients
during project chartering
can increase the success
criteria of the project
• Able to execute the project
more efficient at high-level
of requirements
• Able to achieve agreement
for the identified project
objectives

Facilitation
• The efficiency of guiding a group
event to successfully in making
decision, solution or conclusion
• A facilitator was hired to ensure
mutual understanding between
the contributors can be
achieved by encouraging active
participation during the
discussion

Meeting management
• Preparation of the scheduled
meeting for the key stakeholder and
sending the follow-up of minutes
and seconds of the project details
Meetings
• The special event of gathering
stakeholders for the project
• Preparing agendas to be
discussed in the project
meeting

Small projects
• Usually only one team to carry out the planning and the
execution
Large projects
• Normally a project management team was assigned to do
a majority of the project planning
• The remainder of the project team was brought on when
the initial planning was complete
Question 4
DEVELOP PROJECT
CHARTER

-The Establish Project Charter

is the mechanism by which a
contract is created which
formally authorizes the
existence of a project and gives
the project manager the power
to use organizational resources
for project activities.
-The main advantages of this
approach are that it offers a
clear connection between the
project and the strategic goals
of the project. Organization,
provides a structured project
record which illustrates the
organizational contribution to
the project.

Figure 1: The inputs, tools and techniques and

outputs of the process

Figure 2: The data flow diagram for the process

 -The project charter may be
established by the sponsor or the
project manager in conjunction
with the initiating body. This
-A relationship between the partnership enables the project -The approved project charter
manager to gain a deeper will officially begin the
performing and requesting
understanding of the intent, project. The project manager
organizations is defined by
goals and objectives of the is identified and appointed as
the project charter. In the project. This understanding
case of external ventures, the early as possible. The project
would make the allocation of
preferred way to create an is feasible, ideally when the
resources to project activities
arrangement is usually a more effective. The project project charter is being
written contract. The charter charter grants the Project established and always
of a project may ensure Manager the power to schedule, before the start of the
proper delivery under the implement and oversee the planning process.
contract, it is also used to project.
create internal agreements
within an organization.

DEVELOP PROJECT
CHARTER

-Projects are initiated due to -Project charter validates the

internal business needs or -Projects shall be initiated by alignment of the project with
external influences. These an individual outside the the organization's plan and
needs or influences often project, such as a sponsor, ongoing work. The charter of
trigger the creation of a needs program or project the project is not known as a
analysis, feasibility study, management office (PMO) or contract because no
business case, or description a portfolio managing body consideration or money has
of the situation that the chair or an appointed been promised or exchanged
project will address. representative. The initiator in its development.
or supporter of the project
should be at the required
level to secure funding and
devote resources to the
project.
1. Project purpose - Establishing 2. Measurable project objectives 3. High level requirements -
the business need that the project and related success criteria – A There are several elements that
addresses will provide guidance statement of the objectives of the are part of the project charter (i.e.
and clarification for everyone on project and the requirements for above the project) as well as the
project decisions and create a success is a strong statement of what project management strategy (i.e.
basis for good leadership from a the organization expects from the within the project). The
successful organization. If project. It means that everyone is specifications of the project as
everyone knows why the project working for the same goal and that it envisaged by the organization can
is being carried out they can be is transparent what those goals are. be set out in the project charter in
laser focused on the end result. order to make it clear what the
organization is meaning by
designing the project.
4. Assumptions and constraints
- Many project problems emerge
from uncertain assumptions, and THE COMMON OUTPUT
many of these assumptions are OF A DEVELOP 7. High-level project description
apparent to the organization's and boundaries - A high degree
PROJECT CHARTER
management prior to the of scope is usually established, if
development of the project. They PROCESS not on paper rather than in the
should then be included in the minds of the executive, long
project charter and therefore before the project becomes a
passed on to the project project. Writing this scope into a
management plan. project charter makes it crystal
6. High-level risks - Most of the
clear what the developers of the
projects have one or two big risks
project are thinking about.
that characterize the project. For
5. Summary milestone schedule However the final scope of the
example, a structural failure for a
- Most projects have milestones project should not be considered.
bridge overpass project, or a
identified by executives before website payment program
the project becomes a project, containing security
whether specifically mentioned or vulnerabilities. There are risks
implied. For example, a mine 8. Summary budget- All
that are crucial to the progress of programs are generated within the
access road must be completed the project and are usually
before construction machinery framework of the constraints of
considered before the project the organizational budget. This
can move in. These milestones becomes a project. They should
describe the project and should background should be
also be included in the project communicated within the
thus be included in the project charter, but should not take the
charter, although they do not framework of the project charter
place of a project risk analysis in order to move the financial
substitute a comprehensive within the project management
project schedule during the limitations to the planning phase
plan. of the project.
planning phase of the project.