.

-
. , ,-,

.~
-­
CLEARANCES - SUB STATIONS Voltage class Ground' Cleari1nc~ Sectional Clearance
-
1. Standard Bay widths in metres (metres) (!1le~res), __ '.

Not exceeding 11 KV 2.757 2.60

11 KV 3.05
-do- 33 KV 3.70 2.t3Q
33KV 5.0
-do-132 KV .­ 4.60 3.50

,
132KV 12.2 4.30 .
-do- 220 KV 5.50
220KV 17.0 -do- 400 KV 8.0 7.0
\
400KV 27.00
2. Bus bars
a) Bus bar. materials
. 4. S"rge Divertors (Lightning Arrestors)

a) The LA Voltage rating corresponding to the system voltages

norrilally adopted are indicated below.
The materials In common use for strung Bus are AAAC conductors. The conductors
commonly used are: . ­
Rated System Voltage KV Highest System Voltage KV Arrestor ratings in KV
(Effectively earthed systen
11 KV&33KV The size of the standard conductors for 33 K~ & 11 KV depen
11 12 9­
Transformer Capacity.
33 36 30
132KV 19/4.22 mm COCKROACH ~

132 145 120

220KV 19/5.36 mm LOCUST
220 245 I
198
400KV 37/4.27 mm SCORPION
400 420 336
-
In the use of regid bus arrangement aluminium tubes are commonly used. The size
b) Location of lightningarrstors: The LAs employed for protecting
Aluminium tubes commonly used are:
transformers sho installed as close as possible to the transformer.
The electrical circuit length be LA and the tranformer bushing terminal
,11 KV 40mm should not exceed the limits given be lov
33KV 40mm
Max. distance between LA &
_132 KV 80mm Rated System Voltage KV BILKV Peak Transformer bushing termi
220KV
400KV
80/100 mm
100 inm
(inclusive of lead length iI .
mtrs.) (Effectivelyearthe
b) ­ Normally adopted phase spacings for strung bus are indicated below:
~1 85 12
11KV - 915mm
33KV 1400 mm 3t \
200 18
132KV 3600 mm 132,_ 550 35
220KV 4500 mm
t1
400 I).V 7000 mm 650 43

3. MiQimum clearances for bare ~onductors orlive parts of any apparatus in outdoor sub­ 2~0 900 Close to tranformers
st~tions (Rule 64(2) (a) ii of IE Rules (1956)
1050

22 23
-, -
 I
Over head lines - Clearances III. Where an overhead line crosses another overhead line, clearaces shall be as under;

I. Ground Clearances: Voltage category High Voltage Extra High Voltage

Ldcation of the Line Low & Medium Voltage High Voltage.

Across the Street 5.8 metres ,Nominal system voltage 22KV 33 KV 66KV 110KV 132KV 220KV
6.1 rm

Along the Street 5.5 metres 5.8m Clearance Minimum Clearance in metres

Between lines when cross·, "

"

Lines erected elsewhere other than the\jlbove two cases ing each other (derived)

a. For low, medium & high voltage lines upto

'" •. 4.6 metres

250V

650V
2.44

2.44
2.44

2.44
2.44

2.44
2.75

2.75
3.05

3.05
4:58

4.5,8
and including 11,000 volts, if bare.
3.05 4.58
11 KV 2.44 2.44 2.44 2.75
b. For low, medium &high voltage lines upto ..4.0 metres 2.75 3.05 4.58
~

22KV 2.44 2.44 2.44

and including 11,000 volts, if insulated.
33KV 2.44 2.44 2.44 2.75 3.05 4.58
c. For high voltage lines above 11000 volts. ..5.2 metres '\;>.

66KV 2.44 2.44 2.44 2.75 3.05 4.58­

d. For extra high voltage lines. Shall not be less than 5.2
metres plus 0.3 metre for 110 KV 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 3.05 4.58
every 33,000 volts or part
thereof by which the Volt
132KV 3.05 3.05 , 3.05 3.05 3.05 4.58

220KV 4.58 4.58 4.58 4.58 4.58 4.58

age of the line exceeds
33:00OV.
" $·411
~~
Provided the minimum clearance along or across the street shall not be less than 6.1 metres.
<!;(}O¥-V "1'~1-f
II. Clearances
j
from Buildings:
•

Vertical clearance when the Horizontal clearance whr

Voltage of the O.H. Line line passes above the line passes adjacent te
structure. structure

Low and Medium Voltage.'

2.5 metres 1.2 metres

High voltage lines upto and

3.7 metres 1.2 metres (upto & including
including 33,000 V. 11,000 V) . l
2.0 metres (Above 11 KV & \
, upto and including 33 KV .
Extra High Voltage lines. 3.7 metres 0.3 metres for 2.0 metres plus 0.3 mett
/ every additional 33,00 volts for every additional 33,000
Ot part thereof. volts or part thereof.

<.
-
-/ 24 25
 /

The sIze of rods use<! for arcIng horns should be as for air-break switches. Major r=actorsinfluencing the earth resistance: The resistance of the earthing
system depends upon the following factors:
I· 1. Type and condition of the Soli :
H.T. HORNGAP FUSE

, Earth conductivity is essentially electrolytic in nature and Is affected by the moistur(! content
ofihe soil and by the chemical composition and concentration of salts dissolved inthe contained
water. Hence pliwes like wet marshy ground,clay, wamy soil are preferable for locating the earth
electrodes. Where if not possible to get such locations, artificial chemicl;ll treatment may be
given to the soil around an earth electrode so as to improve the earth electrode contact resistance.
2. Moisture content of the soil :
Moisture content is one of the controlling factors in earth resistivity. But the presence of moistures
will be useful
,
onlyupto
.
20% beyond which there will be no reduction in the resistivity.
3. Depth of burial of earth electrode (pipe or plate) :
. .
Plate electrodes are generally buried in such a way the top is at a depth of 1.5 metres. The
lengtl1 of earth pipes can be from2.5m to 3 m. It is generally observed that there will not be much
reduction in the resistance of the earth electrode even if the length of the rod or pipe (i.e. depth of
burial) is increased beyo(ld 3.75 metres. Likewise the diameter of the pipe electrode also do not
have much influence on the.electrode.
resistance. ,

A number of pipes or rods may be connected in p~rallel and the resistance is then practically
t proportional to the reciprocal of the number employed. The electrodes. shall be separated by a
distance equal to a maximum of twice the driven depth of the electrodes.
Earth Electrodes:
st f...nu! . A B C 1:) E F l!nder ordinary conoitions of soil, use of copper, Aluminium and G 1electrodes is recommended
NO VOI.:'fAGt (.\,."C))') (A9':l~ C4PPRDX1 Iron & Mild steel electrodes are also used where there is no possibility of corrosion. Aluminium
I 11 J<V ~ -0 t .. , ,31.3 t9 10 SO shall not be used underground.
(20"3) (60·g) (1'.~) (.41·,) {U'4-' . (1. 5 '.04-'
2 '2.'2,I<V 10·0
( 2;-4-)
~,

"t;.3LfJ)
. 31 . U·
(~I''') (;".9)
.0n
(i~ ..
.....
{",.~ 1
Earthing conductors:
The size of the earth contiilUity conductors should be correlated with the size of the current
;$ :~3li.V IS -~ 42 $0 ,0 26 ,carrying conductors. Generally the size of the earth continuity conductors should be the largest

4 ;'''\t
(ail..')
20.0
(1.e-7) (I~,.,) (1S4.)
' 3' 94.:J' .s
(u· ..n .("11."
.4"
current carrying conductor, provided the minimum size of earth continuity conductors is not less
than 2.5 mm 2 for sopper and 4 mm2 for Aluminium. As regards the size 'of GI earth continuity
('°<8) (1)t.4J (~.JI") UH'4-) (,S,d) ltD;"'" . i
conductors, they n\J~y be equal to the size of the current carrying conductors with which they are
,,·A1.t\. ., IMGNStOWS ,I'lot ,tNc.n&.~ A"O IN (C tJ) ~~ . : '

Recommended e~rth resistance values:

~(JTf!:TJ1~ FUSE wnUi. SHOtJLB '.'f. PReTatc,"{i-O BY
, £NCLI'HhtfQ 1'T \N 1\ GLA5l!fTU:'SI W'MIitl THI 1. Large Power Stations - 0.5 ohms.
... us~ IS \.lAtu.E 1"0 f!I~C.U,JiJiC'AL C3'.AMAGE 2. ~ Major SUb-stations - less than 1.0 ohms.
utJo~rt, OP~N .AHt eONt'lTJ""'.
3. Small stations - less than 2.0 ohms. .
,.
The resistance of indMdualearth electrodes can be between 5.0 and 8.0 ohms.
26
27
 The General'slze of earth continuity conductors and main earth Bus conductors are a

¢
follows:
VI lO&Ht-t-+-+--l .!II 2Smll'l 1. In an industrial/Commercial installation either 25 mm x 3 mm copperstrip or 50mrn x 6 mm
u
Jr,
« ~I strip should be made use of for main earth Grid. Earth continuity conductor.s of lower size
• ~ 1!-;" (either strips or wires) may be used for equipment earthing depending on the rating of the particular

I5.~
equipment/appliance to be earthed.
10(1
, 2. In domestic wiring copper wire of 14 SWG or GI wireof 12 SWG s~~11 be made use of for
I 'j()t--"'""'....~~~-f--4 earthing all 3 pin 5A plugs.and earthing of ceiling fans and other such domestic fixtures. Higher
u
guage earth wires shall be used for earthing in the power circuits.
...:( PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING (IS 230911989)
0'"--'..":·2-2..... '.'-6~H
· ' -.....
UHGtl{ Of 1>11'(111\1,
• Table 1 : Shape and minimum sizes of conductors for use above ground.
It .. • 10
,;.t1ICblf O~ $l.lT IN A4CtSUIII£, SI.No. Material and Shape Minimum Size
V4kJA-fJOn: OF SOrt. itmnf\'l~'" 1. Standard Copper wire 50 mm" (or 7/3.00 mm dia.)
SAt:r ( Na<:l) Co~'TaNT, C ..",y Son.
11..wn>lIi, 3 P.£Rct;Jo:T MOISTUkf. 2. Copper strip 25 X3 mm
3• GalyaniZed Iron Strip 25x3mm
.... ..!
.." :Pl'

i-+.;...,r-t-+-f-....+-t-l-t-I--f-· ~ ~ +,f-f-+-I-I-+-I--f-H-.J....I-I-+-I­ - -/--'T'''f-l.H til I' 4. Aluminium Strip

.
25x3.15 mm
H-~~+·H-+-f-f-4-I-I- - - - - 1- ­ H ..·H+I-:,I-++.. - - -l-t'+H'H 81
H+t-+-HH-+-!-I­
-f­ .. - - .. -J-t-t-t-t I-'t-t-H
- i- ;_..... ':t-+++~I I--H++-I+·H++·
...'" ~=~, Table 2: Shapes and minimum sizes of Conductors for use below ground
0
'"
.nffi
0'
::2:,
SI.No. Material and Shape Minimum Size
'-'1.1 .~
15 1. Copper strip 32 x6mm
0
~Q. ,~
)/til) i ~
>;
2. Galvanized Iron Strip 32 x6mm
oat
... ..., ~J
::t;j.,_
.~~
"J' ..

~@i As the lightning current is discharged through the earth electrode, the surrounding soil is
la ...., .': . ,,::, 0/."""" '
~~ ,l'.1 raised for the duration of the discharge to a potential with respect to the of
body \I)J~:.1{tgtil Such

.: _i1;; potential difference is lethal to a person itit exceeds a few thousand volts. and to an:a,nil;Qalif it
exceeds a few huted volts. As this potentlaf difference is a function of the prOduct: onhe'i\~hthi~9 .
:.. Q ~
. ­ -t-I--Hc-t-I-t-+t-H
l-f....... t-.·-!­ iii
;;
'1'
current and the re )stance of the earth electrode, it is important to keep the latter as'lew as
:>;, possible. For practical purposes a maximum value of 10 ohms is recommended.
<:> 0
g This earth termination should be located as close as is practicable to the down conductor.
Inter-connections with other terminations of the Conductor system and with other earth terminations
for the purpose of equalising the potential distribution In the ground should be made below the
ground.

28
29
 equipment earthing: Recommended size of earth lead
4) The size of the Lightning arrestors earth strip shall be 25 x 3 mm copper strip. (5 KA,
(Motors and Switchgear) 9 KV type Lightning Arrestors).
Fltltlngof Size of earthing condUctor
4[f3 V, 3ph, 50 HZ 5) In case ofA.C. Generators, Neutral and body earth electrodes should not be intercon­
I~qulprnt}nt In H.P Bare copper AI. PVC insulated Galvanized Iron nected. Inter connection shall be between NE1, NE2 and BE1, BE2 only.

lJp105 V-\ -12SWG 6 Sq.mm. 10 SWG or 7/22 6) The earthgrid shall be run at a minimum depth of 50 cms below ground. However,
1'1 to 15 6'~ 10SWG 16 Sq.mm. 8SWG the earthing conductors connecting the eqUipment may be laid at a depth of 25 cms.
11'1 to 50 Ill·~ 8SWG 35 Sq.mm. 6SWG 7) Earth conductors in trenches containing power cables should be fixed to the walls
01to100
10110150
\4> -­ 6SWG
25 x 1 .5 mm strip
50Sq.mm.
70Sq.mm.
25 x 3 mm strip
25 x 6 mm strip
near the top (about 10 cms from the top).

lfil 10200 8) Copper l€ arth strip supported from or In contact with galvanized steel should be tinned
25 x 1.5 mm strip 95Sq.mm. 40 x 6 mm strip
iilll fwd above to prevent electrolytic action.
25 x 3 mm strip 120Sq.mm. 40 x 6 mm strip

Noiol I) The size of main earth grid shall be two runs of 25 x 6 mm copper strip or two
EARTH FAUL:r PROTECTIVE DEVICES
runs of 50 x 6 mm G.I. strip.
2) Earth connections for all HV motors and switch gears should be not less than Under Rules 61 (A), and 73(1) of I.E. Rules 1956, installation of residual current circuit Breaker
25 x 6 mm copper strip of 185 sq.mm. PVC insulated stranded Aluminium . is mandatory in all installations of 5 KW and above, Neon signs and X-rays.
conductor or 50 x 6 mm G.1. strip. There are two basic forms of such devices that can be used for individual non-earthed/earthed
Trrmarormer and Generator earthing (Recommended size of earth lead) (with limited application) equipment as follows:

MAting or Transformer or Body earth Neutral earth Residual current Operated devices (RCCS)
Generator A residual current circuit Breaker senses the balance of current flowing in the line and neutral
I) Upto 160KVA 25 x 6 mm Copper or 25 x 3 mm Copper Strip wires of the installation. When the balance is upset by some of the current leaking away to earth
40x 6 mm G.I. Strip the C.B. trips.

Ill) Above 160 KVA& 40 x 6 mm Copper or 25 x 6 mm Copper Strip The RCCB operates on the principle of measurement of differential (residual) current using a
upto 315 KVA 50 x 6 mm G.!. Strip switching device through a bipolar electromagnetic tripping relay. When the residual current
exceeds he calibrated current, the device trips & interupts the circuit. The RCCBs are independent
liI) Above315KVA& 50 x 6 mm Copper or 40 x 6 mm Copper Strip of mains voltage.
upto500 KVA 75 x 6 mm G.I. Strip
2. Fault Voltage operated ElCS :
~) Above 500 KVA & 75 x 6 mm Copper or 50 x 6 mm Copper Strip
upto 750 KVA 100 x 6 mm G.I. Strip A voltage operated earth leakage circuit breaker comprises a contact switching system together
with a voltage sensitive trip coil. On installations this coil is connected between the metal work to
G) (Above 750 KVA & 100 x 6 mm Copper & 75 x 6 mm Copper Strip
be rotected and as Qood an earth connection as possible. Any voltage raise above earth on that
upto1000KVA 100x10mmG.I.Strip :
metal work exceedirl'9 the setting of the coil will cause the Breaker to trip so giving indirect shock
Nol.: 1) The earth strip sizes for all higher rated transformers and Generators shall risk protection. . '
be arrived at based on the Provisions of BIS 3043. 1987.
Tripping coils are designed so that a fault voltage operated device will operate on a 40 V risa
2) All the earth electrodes in the Transformer yard shall be. interconnected with when the earth electrode resistance is 500 Ohms or 24 Volts on a 200 Ohms electrodes.
in the ground. The size of earth strip shall be equal to size otthe Corresponding
neutrall body earth strip.

3) The Lightning arrestor's earth strip shall be brought down on insulators.

30 31
 IS : 10028 (Part II) - 1981 : Indoor Transformer Installations
Minimum recommended spacing between the walls and transformer periphery

A. Wall on one side c

B. Wall on two sides

co 6'S PVC
CONQUH
C. Wall on There Sides £loIe£ooeo <::

EI

D. Wall on four sides

(Enclosed room) !.21>m I

Minimum clearance between the highest pOint of the conservator tank to the ceiling of the
transformer room should be sufficient to remove the mounting on the transformer like the
conservator. However, the clearance should not be less then 0.5 metres
onAIL A
1.1 KV 3, 3%, Core Traopopur cables current ratings with Alluminium conductors
Current in AM Ps
....
C
Q

Size of the cable Installed in free air laid in ground

1.5 13 16

2.5 18 21

4 23 28

6 30 35

10 40 46

16 51 60

25 70 76

35 86 92

50 105 110
\
70 130 135
. Non: -Mter 1~\·iD( ,b" •• nll 'rDm'the ..lith but 10 Ihe .1.(ltod~ Ibwu,b ,b~ pvC (oDdu,,, ..\ ,he pi.
Miff condlliu',bo\lW b~ ,ul.d' .. ill> b:lu mili compuullcl.
95 155 165

~20 180 185

....11 di",uticn.;o !\IilUme"""
150 205 210
TvrU::4'- .-\RRAIiGI¥tNT or PI!'! EUCTIlotllt.
185 240 235

240 270 250

300 315 305

400 335 375

'32 33

 I
f

-1.(1.. .l2'1t4:c,CHGGlf

" , 4 ",vt S",'~#E.r;:K ~~

\lj11$Joitl R LoF ttl! ,
~
~t 1'M1;. eUIt.Ot S(I'"
It: lIt<OUI.'O .e. C:rt.
G.
H. ,WffH jrru..,,,,
._......l..
i

,I ( ,
OSTAll.. A

I~....,.....:;t.U_U
o 7$ -$ ""~ ,~ 'Qa ;~," '$ ~s SI'l
I,·i~ ..
G.

;~
~I .L ~o:r~; "'~~011l:~,i~"'.Bf!l5I1/i:.2:",,!;IC::J''il
-(;.1 sr :;~p '''''''~CK '.ut -I.. .V.~..t.A l"'¥.f(Jil
qOU, " .. U~. CURRENT
TRANSFORMER

I nxH".;....( (lblER 'I.Ulitf~<:t !I<O\I~

CIJlCUIT
t ----:, . ,

OE-:';~. B
n. CC;YlPt l) NU'" SITIU.,,, I
BRUKeIt

i
----------I .~"
.. '2 (;j IOlt U:lfC II!
~o ...'" « 'elO", '."111'11 II )

'~~
,
\",l"";..::''''''~;:....;<;:.:'_''t""A,,,r;.:I!,",:..:.'''.;:a;.:;II,-,~~~I;.~'';;';;'' .....'" .
~
u
~; FIXinG. :I<e: OUI$ler
SURfaCe ~I!OU~o' K
e:ov..", ~,:> W4T» 'II1,rUl'l'" I
I
,car All
.;,
C ,
:;)
Q
Z
...z:
tit

All <1,.......""";0 IlIllllme.i"" ...0

Fie. lS TV'P1CA" .... aRANa_liNT or PLAtt ELI;.cnooll:
CIRCUIT
e
GREAKER "'"
Q
4: PUSH EHHrOH
llGHTlilNG :!!
Sf MION 'STAl'lT E il
ARRESTER ":>
(I)

T't'PI~Al EARTH STRIP

,
~\

1)Tf;- The Ilultlbffof ele':llOd.. lUld Ih. $i•• 0( lb. ,rI'icl ~owlucto.I'lo bll wQtk~d OUt t i p.~ 2l.S.2.Q~,

1.
­
A TYl'lC~ EA.llTHUlO
.
GlUt! rOp.,AN OUTDOOR. SUlI$TATION {
.
65 kV ArlD Allova}

{'!$A £.a1l~'n, .... rnln9t_~t !Qt MQIOl. "",II Rvsil alii to.. StlltoA,$um., e"rtl\ COlln.ctiom. '0
SIOllt~t LOQII.§ Ira"" Ea"1I COt\IIt(lUlltllI 01 Motot
Tvprc.u. £..I....nit.'lO CoNN(.CTtO.'f OUMl'..l_ CnId

34
"
3S
Use of Capacitors:
PREFE~ENce TABLE FOR CALCULATING THE SIZE OF CAPAClT08 FOR POWER
In order to improve the Power factor, the consumer shall instal capacitors where the natural
FACTOR IMPROVEMENT (IS: 1752/1975):
power factor is low.
CAl'Acn:O.R sc:t£S TOllPOwn FACTOR IMPROVEMENT
i. Individual Compensation; Wherever possible the Capacitor should be connected directly (Cl....,. 6,1)
[thT'll-tll
btf"ftov:&o Powc.JI; YACTOA.
across the terminals of the low power appliance or equipment. This ensures the control to be ~W-4"
,..-------~---.-------,---"'-.------
automatic through the same switc'hing devices of the appliance or equipment.
heUUL
1100 I)'ss ,a'!iO O'lll 0'92 (I.g, 0-:1>1 0'9~ 0'96 -'O:'9'-;).1)Oo.99-"iiiO
II) (2) Ii) (4) (~) (Ii) f1I (a) (9) (to} (1/) (12) (13) (l~)
0:
iI. Group Compensation: In indsustries wherer la~ge n~m~er ~Iliall motor:s or oth~r applianc~s M ..ltiplyb'a f.<11lt'
.'
and machines are installed and whose operati~n IS periodical It IS., economical to dispense with
O'iQ
a.1
DH
"410
'-6~
"6(1$
I '110~
I"7l'l
l·tn
.l'1G9
"MI
1'7')11 '-$9'
I'/lll
"914
1'11,,0
'-959
1'.891)
1'99S"
1'9l.~
iN)3l l'D/JS :.I'lofll NiNJ
individual installation of capacitors. Abimk of capacitors may be installed to connect them to the
HZ
.011 "ft'
1'3~r;
1:5H 1'i,81 I'?!>? "1311 1'171 1'800 I-33ft "'07t
"1173
1-,lIll
l-()2t
1'9(;(
"002
:N12il
2'2~'

'If
1-"67 1'6H 1'651 1'660 .1"713 I-?il I-lill to!!;! Z'IG"
I'~!I 1'411 1'5~3 j·~Il:.
I'BI6 1'1103 j·VB... :2-101
1'614 I 'Iit1 Hi'? 1'711 I"!>I
distribution centre of main bus bars of the groups of machines, . . HS \'UI) 1'360 . 1'50t "S:lt I'~a; "$n H2G 1-6:'9
1'790 f'lIn l'll!t!} 11-0<11
1a~~
r 011
1-119 I'l~~l l~. Ji~ I'Hl !'SIlZ I-;$~~ .1'561 HillO
I'~?:S 1-137 Hili '·11·... . "9f1il
1-1)<) I ~I,u 1'~'17 1"1/'; l'u'6 /'617 r'1l~ HUr. 1'!l2~
m: Central Compensation: Capacitors may also be .installed at a central point, that is, at the "18
~.9
HIM j.7OG
I 'Ifill
131)
1'~ll
1'37(1
l'''~'l .
1,,00
1'~1I1
"1:10
1'~I'i
".41
I'SS~
1-~91
1'~88
I-SH
,-(129
",$75
N,1
I'G?'
'-7:>Q
I;(;IH
1·11ll1
I ftl<>
incomingsupply position. In order to overcome problems of drawing leading currents on,light 0:11)
"OlD
O'lllll "II~ H~It\
1'3l1i
J ~'ti
j'.)$$
1'31':1
l'lUG
1'3'11
1'420
/'Yi9
NS)
,'>tal I'm
HI '~!l!I
Hal
1'578
l"l!1
' '-6l9 1'1M
.-)1 01lG I"II<:G 12112 1'7:1t1 ":t,",., '-1!)1 "~~ !-73l
loads, these capaCitors may be operated manually or automatically as required. The automatic Ol2 oII'·{ .~+ • I(,j') j-jijl' l'US !'24?
1'323
"lI81
"3S1
I '.iUS
1'395
j-nl
1'1~S 1-40i I'$H ,·o~~
\-'93 J,~j)~
control is preferred as it eliminates human errors. Automatic operation may be arranged by
Hl
GS4
liMO
oDO'
0-000
U'93'}
I'll"
lors
I-ll I l'IJ. J·:lt}5' 101)7 ,,:m t'30!t I'Z19
Ni'
·"3!J1 1'4(i,6
I'{I;H
t"£110
1'103 l'Il(l 11M '-196 1;231) l'~G8 ,':;10,8 l'3~G
' CI,~) 0'_ I-I,js 1'4" t"!t5U
"'filI
O·l!'.,] 1"l11i'J l-00ll j'l2t 1'13(>
means of suitable relays in which 'a contractor controls the capaCitor bank and maintains the 1'19<1 "U8 l'lUl 1-1>19
054 o'no Olin!} 0'.1');; I CIt. li)~1 \-005 1'111 "151 . 1"189 )'22' 1'111
"311
'-)J8 1-4no
correct amount of KVAR in the.clrcult.
(131 II'Gn 0(122 0':,0
n-!):!l
o ~ll'" H:H) 1'011 I'O'!! Nt3 t'UI 1-191 1'239 "!oo "Nt
0::.<1 fH;')1 O'7n~ lHW) 0"'6 1'lliO 1'012 1-1)7G
IHIO "Ili l'Ui 1-10l 1-763 '-4115
O-~ O'HII
I)'Ht
II'OIH
01112 O"J' o'9oa' I-DOS Hll9 1'011 HI? l'U;5 "226 '-3fiR
O~ 1)'5~. l¥619
01110 O'~ 0'!f39 l¥1111 ,'/Xl}
The recommended capacitor rating for direct connection to ac (50 HZ) induction motors is given 1'013 '1'063 I'llI /'192 "331
O'M II'$-I!) tl"(i'I'J 0'&15 INt.!! Ollro IT!II1-l 0'936 . 0'970 1'01)8 1'(ltS \'15:7
""!)Ii '-~!19
1n the table below (18.775211975): o·f.2 tHI5 OIl~S O'?31 0(01) O'81G (j'010 Q''!J02 I O'91G 0'91. 1'01t I'!I~t 1-1%3. 1'261
0-63 . 0"l8)
IHi 0-.:;0
0"613
o-SIIO
O'7~ 0-n1
O-'Ui
v·ao. 0'8.'11 !Ill,\) (I!I01 Il-!Ht o~o:z J-030 Hllll 1'233
0"'11 0"71 1l'8\l!l 0'1l:3.1 trll1t Q-9O!) Q'~9
oO~'11
HI~ 1·'00
O'6S fHI' 0''»' O'OO~ ""-'13 G"",\) 0'71,. (I'60G (j-8iO fli-S711 0'918 66 !-017 j-lfo9
Capacitor rating in KVAR when motor speed is . O'~G O-lOS "O'Slll O-6n !..ilU (l'l09 o't-n O'7H -(nlOlI 0"8t7 0887 (I-!l.)$ O"99G l'ns
!, 0'67 ()-3~a 0-188 11'624 O'6:;t !Y1l79 0'711 0'7-1.5 INIi 0'8H G'ltn ()-9\lS 0'9&6 1.'Hlll
0'68 O'l?9 O;~" 0'~9~ o'lin
Rated out-put of lI'450 0-6/11 NUl q-7~ c/-7es 0'825 , 0-8110 (j-!/n 1117,

Motors (HP) '·3000 1500 1000 750 600 500 66P 4"2')9 O:i29 0-5&.5 /)-$9l 0-670 o'(>~ Q+f,6ft 0'~10 ' 0'158
0'193 0-&-10
010 0'210 1HOO 0'5311 o"~.
O'9ll7 '''O<I~
O'5!11 01;25 OilS; 0(091 0'1::19
a'1-69 0'81l 0-818 HI1:O
rev.lmin. rev.lmin. rev.lmin. rev.lmin rev.lmin. rev.lmir nn lI'tu O'31:z 0,308 0-:>'" G-~~J O-!>'Jl INa!! n-fi-b1 0-101 IHi! 0-)8:; 0'850 Q-wl
flU. lI-2U O"U .O'H9 (l'~11 O'~Jt 0'[>611 O·W(/ Ufi),. IHn
:un 1118'; 0'316 0-4~:t
o'lIl O')S4 O-O'll,
(l-!lG:l
3 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 :nH
:~l ;i
u'u.!*
l)J~l
O,t~
o'l'~z
IH211
o'm
~,!~~ ~ 2:t:~
(H11l O'4~'
0-:'-11
aSH
U,tn1
O~13
O'~·Ui
(1'!lI!'
O"'~lfl g:1~ . I.)
Q't.,*
(>6S 0'721.
0-100
O'1Jl"

0'710
o'!!lG
U-9(l')
il'~m O'~,.~l 0-1'[ 1)"(;1t 0'li13 IH1' Il"Ill\:t
5 2 2 2.5 3.5 4,0 4,0 :tllJj" n'uti 1I'23S O'!lI 0'3'1',\ O'~~'; (l:'i'o/) (H~t U·:t1f~ IHl>f (ifill·} O'Ij!'.2 l¥667 O'1I5S
~(li) II'un 0'2m1 (H.~" (un 0'-1(10 1)"-1:.1. (1'4101. \1':.00- 11-5311 0'518 fJ-~O 0'029
Ill'lli 0-1I~:. 0'183 O'!I!~
"GIlI
7.5 2.5 3,0 3,5 4.5 5.0 5,5 :.IU!! 1)'026 O'I~ 0'291
41"47 0'311
(j·.:!i1
n-~OIS OilU 11'11'4 o-~12 O'S~7 O'!iM 0'63' 080:1.
0110
0'10 U'~UI !l'tH 0'-11'" 0--111$ (1-513 . 051P 0'/i03 0' 716
0-130 0'266., O'2~. ,'1-32\ 0')',.; 0'381 0,,.2, 0'.t.!1 o,~<):g I)-liS 0'5a7
10 3,0 4.0 4.5 5,5 6_0 6,5 Ilil!
1)')$0
(trt).l 0'2-10 .o'21il! 1I'2!lS 1I'32!! 0361 0-395 0-f~3 0'473 O'U~ IH'5G 0-7H
41'l1~ 41'ole Q'2H 11"212 O''lI>~ . 0:\<13 0'3,0;
15 4~0 .. 5.0 6.0 7.5 8,5 9.0 118/ oos~ (I-IS8 . IUl" ' &':14' fI':171 /I )I>'j,
1S';tM)
.,·3f3
1HU1
O'3UI
IHH jJ'189
V '4(;1
0530
11-50'1·
O-MJ11
0-,,7:1
Mti O'il'
O'O~6 4'1'1 U"l~.tO 0111 0'2':.1 P 71.J 11·31' 03$~ O'39~ tH)1 (Htll O-G"s,
20 5.0 6,0 7.0 9.0 11.0 12.0 ~~
n*,
IN:!<l 41-!$f U-J!U 112?~ f) 2'''i1 11'..,,1 11'3111 0'30 1J-i17 o .. ~ IN.l"
II-IO!I f~l:In !I-If.7 'I'Ijlll 1I1;JO 1~'2r.. II'JIlI Cl-3d
25 6.0 7.0 9,0 10.5 13.0 • 14.5 1In1
~llft
Dn
[043
.,05i 11' '.
f1-flIG
UHf
11'11:1
. "'11'1
l!'In
0'2111
0-11." fifE
II- !J
O:!7S
(HfG
t:\ 7117
1i:'2.·
O':I'JU
/)"Jj"
o·,:t:'J
O.H
~",~
113~,~
O'YI3
O'~{;7
(t,'!rlB
30 7.0 8,0 10.0 12.0 15,0 17.0 Jll)Ol
0'EB on'tl'
Olr.ll
II'OOG
O~iI
11'117
o-~,
0'/-19
11-121
!l'ti
II'PIS
11'~30
U"ll',t
11-:1(,1 O'.3tI'l
0':/11,
0'36'.) U'!,2
O':l$* O'HI lI'ilH
UI O'llU o·o~.a 1l"1lOO o'u. lI'IIiI O~lll 0':/"'IfI o'lIn IN',S;

50 11.0 12.5 16.0 18.0 23.0 25.0 .. 1'1 1l'~1 Q'Ilr>l Oil!)7 tl-l:li 1l'11~ O-:!'D 0'291 IN..a

/75 16.0 17.0 21.0 23.0 29.0 32,6

I
QtJ
(!~I
n'~
IiItIIi
- 111)1:t o 0116
O-o~ j
0'10)
0'071
(I'OJ]
O·H\
Olll
O'Il3!l
O'Ut:.!
a-l!ll
11'11,.0
41'124.>
{HIM
O-;l}2
01211
O'lll(;
ol-m
039$
0'36'
0'379
o-2!lt
100 21.0 23,0 26.0 28.0 35.0 40.0 I
~!il (I·un II'IV, tl-230
1193 0-000 \)'2C!
I
150 31.0 33.0 36.0 38,0 48.0 55.0 .I D-" 0'1,"
200 40,0 42.0 45.0 47.0 60,0 67,0 I,
. !
Non - '1"M- (Onftlmlr it- &dviH:d to mA\~ ~opn .ttowa U!~ G\l ~u l\Jp-p~t v.olt.,N w'.t"t4t ,hoe:' t:~in durin, the
~t(.1"1 h~JJ and nul" dt()().lC" ~ttllilly htlhcr VAt{ th." rtl{(l.ti'U'tU'ttdctUtt the t~ tel' In. W\t.. ~IU,n.
- _. . .-.--' - , . ­
(.
250 46.0 50.0 53.0 55.0 68,0 76.0 ~q

3(1
. 37
 General Information
Allowable Current Densities: (For Copper) :

Bus Bars (Indoor & enclosed 116 amps/cm 2

Bus'Bars (Outdoor) 186 amps/cm2

For aluminium bus bars, 75% of the above values may be taken.

Insulation resistance of windings of Power Transformers.

Rated Voltage of Minimum safe insulation resistance in mE!flohms

the winding 30°C 40°C 50°C 60°C

66 KV and above 600 300 150 75

33KV 500 250 125 65

6.6KV&11KV 400 200 100 50

Below 6.6 KV­ 200 100 50 25

Di~lectricstrength of Transformer Oil.in Service (IS: 1866/1978)

Characterisic Equipment Suggested initial Permissible .Tobe Test method

Voltage frequency of tests limits reconditioned
1 2 3 4 5 6
Breakdown > 170KV Immediately prior >50KV Less than the IS: 6792 of
Voltage > 70 to 170 to energising, then >40KV value specified 1972 (2.5 mm
KV after 3 months and >30KV in Col. A Gap.)
<70KV after every year

38 39
 STRANDED STEEL CORED ALUMINIUM CONDUCTORS Derating Factors for
(ACSR) Various Cable Formations
Approxi. Approxi Approxi.
MULTI-COllI!: C~BLES LAIO ON ~ACKS IN AIR
Nominal Stranding and Wire Ultimate purrent Car- Weight DI
. '. Numb,,!;, of t,lull\be~ of cables pe!;' cilcl(
Copper Diameter Tensille rying Conductor AItMNGEMEN1'.
Code Name Area ~englh of Capacity at (KglKm) r<l<:1(5

~
1 2 3 ~ 9
(Sq.mm) conductor 400Cam-
(Kg) bient

~-. 'i
Aluminium Steel Temp. 1 100 !Ill '6 93 92
(No/mm) (No/mm) (Amps) :1: 100 ~~ 93 90 89
1 ,) lOO 'J4 92 89 all
Mole 6.5 6/1.50 1/1.50 407 75 43
4 100 9~ 90 87 66
Squirrel 13 6/2.11 1/2.11 771 112 85
Gopher 16 6/2.36 112.36 952 131 106
20 6/2.59 1/2.59 1136 149 128 MULTI-CORR CABLES LAID ON ~ACKS IN AIR
Weasel
Fox 23 612.79 1/2.79 1310 157 1485
ARRAN.GtMENT NtlMl>el;" of Humb.H· of eables 'pe~ r:~ck
Ferret 25 6/3.00 1/3.00 1503 178 171
C<.IOk5
1 :I 6 ?
Rabbit 30 6/3.35 1/3.35 1860 205 214 '-'

Mink 40 613.66 1/3.66 2207 227 255 1 100 84 60 15 7J

Horse 42 1212.79 . 7/2.79 6108 247 542 :1: 100 80 7.6 '11. 69
I
45 6/3.99. 2613 303
3 100 78 i4 70 6<1
Beaver 113.99 250
4 100 76 72 ~I.I 66
Racoon 48 6/4.09 1/4.09 2746 260 318
Otter 50 6/4.22 1/4.22 2923 272 339
Cat 55 6/4.50 1/4.50 3324 300 385 Grouping inthe ground (Multi-core Cables in flat rormati'on).

Dog 65 6/4.72 7/1.57 2399 320 394

Number of cal:>le$ in tn'l)ch
Leopard' 80 .6/5.28 711.76 4137 380 493
Coyote 80 26/2.54 71190 4638 380 521
Spacing ~t'D 8 10
2 ;) ~ Ii
Tiger 80 30/2.36 712.36 5758 380 604
Wolf 95 30/2.59 712.59 6880 418 727 6~ 62 54 50 46
Cablu touching 79
Lynx 110 30/2.79 712.79 7950 460 844 15 em 82 72 66 59 54 5l
- 130 9127 976 30 cm 86 76 12 6$ 62 5'
Panther 30/3.00 713.00 510
Lion 140 30/3.18 713.1 10210 540 1097
Bear 160 3013.35 7/3. 11310 585 1219 (Mtl~ti-core cable-sin tier ft.lI:1ttation l
Goat
, .'
185 30/3.71 713.71 13780 == 648 1492
GroUp4119
\.
~n tn.eo 9~Qund

rol:'lII4tion of cabl.. s €fHBG}

Sheep 225 30/3.99 713.99 15910 710 1726
$$$
~
spacin<} 9!jjEfj
Kundah 250 4213.50 7/1.94 9002 747 1282
@Ef)G) ffiEiHIi
Zebra / 260 54/3.18 713.18 13316 780 1621
cable_ touching 60 51 43
Deer , 260 30/4.27 714.2 18230 780 1977
),.5 elll 64 5S 46
Elk 300 30/4.50 714 20240 850 2196
lei em 69 60 SO
Camel 300 54/3.35 713.35 14750 850 1804
(.·.;,i:",,:: .'
Moose 305 54/3.53 713.53 16250 895 2002
/

40 41