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Soil Ex6

This experiment aims to determine the in-situ density of natural or compacted soils using the sand cone method. The student measures the density of a soil sample taken from a test hole dug on site. Calculations determine the volume of the hole, moisture content, and dry unit weight of the soil. The dry density is found to be 1.102568 g/cm3. Potential sources of error in the experiment are discussed. The conclusion states that the sand cone technique was used to calculate the dry density and compares it to compaction specifications.

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Azeezan Alessa
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20 views

Soil Ex6

This experiment aims to determine the in-situ density of natural or compacted soils using the sand cone method. The student measures the density of a soil sample taken from a test hole dug on site. Calculations determine the volume of the hole, moisture content, and dry unit weight of the soil. The dry density is found to be 1.102568 g/cm3. Potential sources of error in the experiment are discussed. The conclusion states that the sand cone technique was used to calculate the dry density and compares it to compaction specifications.

Uploaded by

Azeezan Alessa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Jordan University of Science and Technology

Civil Engineering Department


CE463-GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING LAB

Student Name: Abdulaziz Essa


ID : 159145
Exp Name : Feild Density Measurement

Exp No. 6

Instructor: Eng. Maysa Khasawneh

Submission Date: April 19 ,2023

Sec : 1 group :1

Evaluation Elements Max Grade


Grade
1 Title Page (evaluation form) and Overall Appearance -

2 Abstract 15

3 Introduction 5

4 Objective 5

7 Results and Data Analysis 25

8 Discussion 30

9 Conclusion 20

10 Total 100
Abstract:
This experiment’s goal is to determine the relative compaction. The dry density of the compacted
soil may be used to determine how much compaction was produced. Additionally, there are various
approaches to calculate the Field Density, including the Sand Cone Method.

Introduction:
It is required to measure the compacted dry unit weight of soil as it is being compacted on the
ground and to compare it to the construction’s specification. There are several techniques for
calculating the field unit weight of compaction, including the use of nuclear density meters, rubber
balloons, and the sand cone approach that we employ in this experiment. The range (at least 90%)
must contain both the standard d field and the maximum d field.

Objective:
Determine the in-situ density of natural or compacted soils using sand pouring cylinders.

Experimental details:

Apparatus:

• Standard Ottawa sand


• Metal square plate (side length = 30 cm with hole of 10 com diameter).
• Jar Connected to a cone of known volume.
• Spoon.
• Sensitive balance.
• cylindrical mold.
• can and jack

Procedure:

1. Fill testing apparatus with sand and record the total mass.
2. Select the area of compacted lift to be tested. Place the base plate over the smoothed area
and fasten down with pins. Plate must stay in this position and be stable throughout the test.
3. Dig a test hole within base plate opening, with the auger, trowel, or other tools. Soils that
are granular require extreme care and may require the digging of a conical-shaped hole.
4. Place all of the loosened material from the hole into an aggregate balance pan, or a
moisture-tight container if not weighed right away.

2
5. Place testing apparatus on the base plate and open valve. After the sand has stopped
flowing, close the valve; remove apparatus, and record final mass.
6. Weigh the wet soil or soil aggregates removed from the hole to the nearest 0.01 lb. and
record.
7. Take about 20g of the wet soil and place in a tare, and then put it in the oven to obtain the
dry weight of soil. Record the weight of tare, and tare + wet soil.

Results and Calculations:

Wt of bottle + sand + cone (before) (g) 8432


Wt of bottle + sand + cone (after) (g) 5274
Wt of soil from hole (g) 1450
Wt of sand 1400
Wt of sand from hole (g) 1398.534
Density of sand (g/cm^3) 1.35
Volume of hole (cm^3) 1302.2
Wet density of soil (g/cm^3) 1.114
Wt of can (g) 21.23
Wt of can + wet soil (g) 123.79
Wt of can + dry soil (g) 120.15
Moisture content (%) 3.68%
Dry density (g/cm^3) 1.102568

Sample calculations:
123.79 −120.15
ω% = ∗ 100= 3.68%
120.15 −21.23

W1− W2− W4 8432−5274− 1400


Volume of Hole V = = = 1302.2
γSAND 1.35

W3 1450
Moist unit weight (γwet ) = V
= 1302.2
= 1.114

W3 1450
Dry mass of soil from test hole = = = = 1398.534
(0.01)∗(w+100) (0.01)∗(3.68+100)
γwet 1.114
Dry unit weight γd = (1+ w% =
)
1.0368
(1+ 100 )
= 1.102568
100

Discussions:

Sand used in the test weighed 3158g. The moist mass of soil to fill the hole (1450g) is calculated by
taking this value and deducting the mass of sand needed to fill the funnel and plate. The volume of
the test hole (V), moisture content (w), and dry unit weight of the soil in situ (2) are found to be

3
1302.2cm3, 3.68% , and 1.102568, respectively, using calculations from chapter 14 of the lab
handbook. This experiment is now undergoing the risk of experimental mistake. One of them is that
not enough sand was collected, not enough soil was used as a sample, the hole was drilled at a
slightly different depth, and the soil also included contaminants that might lead to varied densities.

Conclusion:
The information gathered from trials using the sand fiber technique is used to calculate the dry
soil's density. This experiment's goal is to ascertain if natural soil or dirt that has been compacted
using a sand pouring cylinder is more dense. The potential for experimental error is present and
ongoing in this investigation. One of them is that not enough sand was obtained, not enough land
was sampled, the hole was dug at a slightly different depth, and the soil also included contaminants
that may lead to varying densities. The actable should be in the range of 90-95% if the compaction
value was less than 90%.

References:
Bowles, Joseph E. Engineering Properties of Soils. 4th. Boston: Irwin McGraw-Hill, 1992

ASTM Standard D 854, 2000-2002, “Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
Water Pycnometer,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, www.astm.org

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