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Published: Feb 1, 2007

Transmission Description

COMPONENT LOCATION

Item Part Number Description

1 Transmission selector lever assembly
2 Cable bracket
3 Automatic transmission
4 Transmission Control Module (TCM)
5 Lever arm
6 Transmission fluid cooler

OVERVIEW

The AW F21 automatic transmission is a 6 speed, electronically controlled unit manufactured by Aisin AW in Japan.
The transmission represents the latest in automatic transmission technology for a transverse, All Wheel Drive (AWD)
unit. The transmission features lock-up slip control, 'CommandShift™' functions and automatic and driver selectable
modes to give the optimum on and off road performance.

The transmission is controlled by a TCM which contains software to provide operation as a semi-automatic
'CommandShift™' transmission. The TCM allows the transmission to be operated as a conventional automatic unit by
selecting P, R, N, D on the selector lever. Movement of the selector lever across the gate to the 'M/S' position puts
the transmission into electronic 'Sport' mode. Further movement of the lever in a longitudinal direction to the + or –

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position puts the transmission into electronic manual 'CommandShift™' mode. For additional information, refer to
External Controls (307-05 Automatic Transmission/Transaxle External Controls)

The AW F21 transmission has the following features:

Designed to be maintenance free

Torque capacity of 450 Nm

Transmission fluid is fill for life

The torque converter features a controlled slip feature with electronically regulated lock-up control on gears 2
to 6

Shift programs controlled by the TCM

TCM has an adaptive capability to ensure efficient gear shift quality throughout the service life of the
transmission

Diagnostics available from the TCM via the high speed Controller Area Network (CAN) bus.

TRANSMISSION

The transmission comprises the main casing which houses all of the transmission components. The torque converter
is located in a separate converter housing.

AW F21 Automatic Transmission - Sectional View

Item Part Number Description

1 Clutch - C2
2 Brake - B2
3 One-way clutch - F1

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4 Clutch - C1
5 Brake - B1
6 Clutch - C3
7 Torque converter
8 Fluid pump
9 Differential assembly
10 Counter driven gear
11 Counter drive gear

The main casing retains the fluid at the bottom. A combined drain/filler plug is located in the bottom of the casing. The
oil level is checked by removing the inner fill plug when the transmission fluid is at a temperature of between 50 to
60°C (122 to 140°F). When the oil flow becomes a drip from the plug hole, the level is correct.

The transmission has a fluid cooler which is located on the Left Hand (LH) end of the radiator. The cooler is
connected to the transmission converter housing by 2 pipes. The fluid cooler is connected into the engine cooling
system and cools the transmission fluid by heat transfer through the cooler to the engine coolant. For additional
information, refer to Transmission Cooling (307-02 Transmission/Transaxle Cooling)

TORQUE CONVERTER

Item Part Number Description

1 Torque converter housing
2 Lock-up clutch
3 Turbine
4 Impeller
5 Stator
6 Fluid pump
7 Input shaft

The torque converter is the coupling element between the engine and the transmission and is located in the
transmission housing, on the engine side of the transmission. The driven power from the engine crankshaft is
transmitted hydraulically and mechanically through the torque converter to the transmission. The torque converter is
connected to the engine by a drive plate.

The torque converter comprises an impeller, a stator and a turbine. The torque converter is a sealed unit with all

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components located between the converter housing cover and the impeller. The two components are welded together
to form a sealed, fluid filled housing. With the impeller welded to the converter housing cover, the impeller is therefore
driven at engine crankshaft speed.

The torque converter contains a hydraulically operated lock-up clutch which is controlled by the TCM via a solenoid in
the valve block which actuates spool valves to control the hydraulic pressure applied to the clutch. This allows the
TCM to provide 3 modes of converter operation; unlocked, partially locked and fully locked.

VALVE BLOCK

The valve block is located in a vertical position at the front of the transmission main casing, behind a sealed cover.
The valve block contains a number of solenoids, dampers and spool valves to control the transmission operation. The
solenoids are controlled by the TCM to provide gear changes and smooth transition between ratio changes.

Solenoids

Item Part Number Description

1 3-Way solenoid - S1
2 3-Way solenoid - S2
3 Line pressure control solenoid - SLT
4 Shift control solenoid - SLC2
5 Shift control solenoid - SLC1
6 Lock-up control solenoid - SLU
7 Shift control solenoid - SLC3
8 Shift control solenoid - SLB1
9 Valve block

Shift Control Solenoids - SLC1, SLC2, SLC3, SLB1

The shift control solenoids (SLC1, SLC2, SLC3 and SLB1) are installed on the front valve body. The solenoids
respond to inputs from the TCM and control the hydraulic pressure applied to the clutches (C1, C2 and C3) and to the
brake B1 to provide smooth shifting. The TCM uses a single or a combination of these solenoids to provide shifts
from 1st to 6th gear.

If a solenoid fails, the TCM will remove the current to the shift control solenoids and the transmission will use limp
home mode, to prevent damage to the transmission.

Line Pressure Control Solenoid - SLT

The line pressure control solenoid (SLT) is installed on the front valve body. The solenoid is controlled in a linear
manner by the TCM which uses throttle opening degree signals and engine torque information from the Engine
Control Module (ECM) to determine the solenoid operation. The solenoid controls the line pressure applied to the
clutches and brakes to provide smooth shifting.

If the solenoid fails, the TCM will remove the current supplied to the solenoid. Maximum line pressure will be applied
to the clutches and brakes unless the failure is due to the solenoid valve sticking, which may result in low line
pressure.

Lock-Up Control Solenoid - SLU

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The lock-up control solenoid is installed on the front valve body. The solenoid is controlled in a linear manner by the
TCM which uses engine speed, throttle opening degree signals and transmission speed sensor signals to determine
the solenoid operation. The solenoid controls the amount of lock-up or slip required for the torque converter lock-up
clutch.

If the solenoid fails, the TCM removes the current supplied to the solenoid which results in no torque converter lock-
up being applied.

3-Way Solenoid - S1, S2

The 3-way solenoid (S1) is located on the center valve body and solenoid (S2) is located on the front valve body. The
solenoids are on/off solenoids controlled by the TCM. A combination of the 2 solenoids is used to operate either the
1st gear engine braking or enable gear shifts.

If a solenoid fails, the TCM will remove the current supplied to both solenoids.

Speed Sensors

Item Part Number Description

1 Speed Sensor (SP) - Output shaft speed
2 Counter drive gear
3 C2 clutch drum
4 Speed sensor (NIN)

Two speed sensors (NIN and SP) are used in the transmission and are located within the transmission housing.
Speed sensor (SP) is located adjacent to the counter drive gear and reads from the gear teeth to provide an output
shaft speed signal. Speed sensor (NIN) is located adjacent to the clutch C" drum and reads off teeth on the outer
circumference of the drum to provide an input shaft speed. Both speed signals are received by the TCM which uses
the 2 signals to calculate engine torque output, shift timing and torque converter lock-up.

Fluid Temperature Sensor

The fluid temperature sensor is integrated into the internal wiring harness within the transmission. It detects the fluid
temperature in the hydraulic pressure control circuit and transmits a signal corresponding to the temperature to the
TCM. The TCM monitors the temperature and provides smooth gear shifts across a wide range of temperatures.

DRIVE CLUTCHES

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Multiplate Drive or Brake Clutch – Typical

Item Part Number Description

1 - Input shaft
2 - Main pressure supply port
3 - Piston
4 - Cylinder – External plate carrier
5 - Clutch plate assembly
6 - Baffle plate
7 - Diaphragm spring
8 - Output shaft
9 - Bearing
10 - Dynamic pressure equalisation chamber
11 - Piston chamber
12 - Lubrication channel

There are three drive clutches and two brake clutches (B2 is a multiplate brake clutch & B1 is a double wrap brake
band) used in the AW F21 transmission. Each clutch comprises one or more friction plates dependent on the output
controlled. A typical clutch consists of a number of steel outer plates and inner plates with friction material bonded to
each face.

Clutch / Brake Operation

C1 Clutch Connects the front planetary carrier to the rear planetary rear sun gear
C2 Clutch Connects the intermediate shaft to the rear planetary carrier
C3 Clutch Connects the front planetary carrier to the rear planetary middle sun gear
B1 Brake Locks the rear planetary middle sun gear
B2 Brake Locks the rear planetary carrier

The clutch plates are held apart mechanically by a diaphragm spring and hydraulically by dynamic pressure. The
pressure is derived from a lubrication channel which supplies fluid to the bearings etc. The fluid is passed via a
drilling in the output shaft into the chamber between the baffle plate and the piston. To prevent inadvertent clutch
application due to pressure build up produced by centrifugal force, the fluid in the dynamic pressure equalization
chamber overcomes any pressure in the piston chamber and holds the piston off the clutch plate assembly.

When clutch application is required, main pressure from the fluid pump is applied to the piston chamber from the
supply port. This main pressure overcomes the low pressure fluid present in the dynamic pressure equalization
chamber. The piston moves, against the pressure applied by the diaphragm spring, and compresses the clutch plate
assembly. When the main pressure falls, the diaphragm spring pushes the piston away from the clutch plate
assembly, disengaging the clutch.

One-Way Clutch

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One-Way clutch - Typical

Item Part Number Description

1 Roller
2 Cage
3 Spring
4 Inner race

The roller clutch used on the one-way clutch uses parallel rollers, located between the smooth, cylindrical inner race
and the inclined cam faces of the clutch body. Springs are used to hold the rollers in position between the two contact
faces.

When the clutch is rotated in a clockwise direction, the rollers become trapped between the inner race and the
inclined cam faces of the clutch body, providing positive (locked) rotation of the inner race, locking the counter-
clockwise rotation of the rear planetary carrier. When the clutch is rotated in a clockwise direction, the rollers are
moved away from the inclined cam faces and can rotate freely (unlocked) with the clutch body, providing no drive
from the clutch to the rear planetary carrier. In this condition the clutch can rotate freely on the inner race.

PLANETARY GEAR TRAIN

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Item Part Number Description

A Double web planetary gear train - Rear
B Single web planetary gear train - Front
1 Clutch C2
2 Brake B2
3 Free wheel clutch F2
4 Counter drive gear
5 Brake B1
6 Clutch C1
7 Clutch C3
8 Fluid pump
9 Input shaft
10 Differential gear assembly
11 Counter gear assembly
12 Pinion gears
13 Sun gears
14 Ring gear
15 Pinion gear
16 Sun gears
17 Ring gear

The planetary gear trains used on the AW F21 transmission comprise a single web planetary gear train and a double

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web planetary gear train. These gear trains are known as Ravignaux type gear trains and together produce the six
forward gears and the one reverse gear.

Engine torque is transferred, via operation of single or combinations of clutches to the two planetary gear trains. Both
gear trains are controlled by reactionary inputs from brake clutches to produce the six forward gears and one reverse
gear. The ratios are as follows:

Gear 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Reverse

Ratio 4.148 2.370 1.556 1.155 0.859 0.686 3.394

POWER FLOWS

Operation of the transmission is controlled by the TCM which electrically activates various solenoids to control the
transmission gear selection. The sequence of solenoid activation is based on programmed information in the TCM
memory and physical transmission operating conditions such as vehicle speed, throttle position, engine load and
selector lever position.

Item Part Number Description

1 Clutch - C2
2 Brake - B2
3 One-way clutch - F1
4 Brake - B1
5 Clutch - C1
6 Clutch - C3

Power Flow - 1st Gear Engine Braking

Solenoid Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Solenoid

SLC 1 SLC 2 SLC 3 SLB 1 S1 S2
D Engine Brake - X X X X X

X = Operating

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Clutch and Brake Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Clutch Brake One-Way clutch

C1 C2 C3 B1 B2 F1
D Engine Brake X - - - X X

X = Operating

When the engine brake is active, driving force is transmitted to the transmission from the road wheels, via the power
transfer unit. The rear planetary carrier is locked from clockwise rotation by the one-way clutch (F1) and brake (B2).
This results in torque from the wheels being transmitted directly to the engine, providing engine braking.

Power Flow - 1st Gear

Solenoid Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Solenoid

SLC 1 SLC 2 SLC 3 SLB 1 S1 S2
D 1st Gear - X X X - -

X = Operating

Clutch and Brake Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Clutch Brake One-Way clutch

C1 C2 C3 B1 B2 F1
D 1st Gear X - - - - X

X = Operating

The planetary gear trains are in the following conditions:

Front planetary gear train Input: Ring gear Locked: Sun gear Output: Carrier
 Input: Ring gear
 Locked: Sun gear
 Output: Carrier

Rear planetary gear train Input: Rear sun gear Locked: Carrier Output: Ring gear
 Input: Rear sun gear
 Locked: Carrier
 Output: Ring gear

Front Planetary Gear Train

The input shaft rotates in a clockwise direction, driven by the torque converter. The planetary ring gear rotates in a
clockwise direction along with the planetary pinion gear which also rotates clockwise on its axis and orbit. The
planetary sun gear is locked by the fluid pump which causes it to press against the planetary ring gear and orbit the
sun gear, rotating on its axis.

The front planetary carrier rotates clockwise in the same direction as the planetary pinion gear. The clutch (C1) is
activated and locks the planetary carrier to the rear planetary sun gear.

Rear Planetary Gear Train

The planetary sun gear rotates in a clockwise direction. The planetary short pinion gear rotates in a counter-clockwise
direction. The planetary carrier attempts to rotate in the same direction but is restrained by the one-way clutch (F1).

The long pinion gear rotates clockwise on its axis and the middle sun gear rotates counter-clockwise while idling. The
ring gear is rotated by the long pinion gear and drives the counter drive gear in a clockwise direction.

The counter driven gear is driven in a counter-clockwise direction which in turn drives the differential ring gear in a

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clockwise direction.

Power Flow - 2nd Gear

Solenoid Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Solenoid

SLC 1 SLC 2 SLC 3 SLB 1 S1 S2
D 2nd Gear - X X - - -

X = Operating

Clutch and Brake Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Clutch Brake One-Way clutch

C1 C2 C3 B1 B2 F1
D 2nd Gear X - - X - -

X = Operating

The planetary gear trains are in the following conditions:

Front planetary gear train Input: Ring gear Locked: Sun gear Output: Carrier
 Input: Ring gear
 Locked: Sun gear
 Output: Carrier

Rear planetary gear train Input: Rear sun gear Locked: Middle sun gear Output: Ring gear
 Input: Rear sun gear
 Locked: Middle sun gear
 Output: Ring gear

Front Planetary Gear Train

The input shaft rotates in a clockwise direction, driven by the torque converter. The planetary ring gear rotates in a
clockwise direction along with the planetary pinion gear which also rotates clockwise on its axis and orbit. The
planetary sun gear is locked by the fluid pump which causes it to press against the planetary ring gear and orbit the
sun gear, rotating on its axis.

The front planetary carrier rotates clockwise in the same direction as the planetary pinion gear. The clutch (C1) is
activated and locks the planetary carrier to the rear planetary sun gear.

Rear Planetary Gear Train

The planetary sun gear and the carrier rotate in a clockwise direction. The middle sun gear is locked by the brake
(B1). The short pinion gears rotate counter-clockwise on its axis and orbits in a clockwise direction. The long pinion
gears rotates clockwise on its axis and its orbit.

The ring gear is rotated in a clockwise direction by the long pinion gear. The ring gear and the counter drive gear both
rotate in a clockwise direction.

The counter driven gear is driven in a counter-clockwise direction which in turn drives the differential ring gear in a
clockwise direction.

NOTE:
Engine braking is available when this gear is selected.

Power Flow - 3rd Gear

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Solenoid Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Solenoid

SLC 1 SLC 2 SLC 3 SLB 1 S1 S2
D 3rd Gear - X - X - -

X = Operating

Clutch and Brake Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Clutch Brake One-Way clutch

C1 C2 C3 B1 B2 F1
D 3rd Gear X - - X - -

X = Operating

The planetary gear trains are in the following conditions:

Front planetary gear train Input: Ring gear Locked: Sun gear Output: Carrier
 Input: Ring gear
 Locked: Sun gear
 Output: Carrier

Rear planetary gear train Input: Middle sun gear Locked: - Output: Ring gear
 Input: Middle sun gear
 Locked: -
 Output: Ring gear

Front Planetary Gear Train

The input shaft rotates in a clockwise direction, driven by the torque converter. The planetary ring gear rotates in a
clockwise direction along with the planetary pinion gear which also rotates clockwise on its axis and orbit. The
planetary sun gear is locked by the fluid pump which causes it to press against the planetary ring gear and orbit the
sun gear, rotating on its axis.

The front planetary carrier rotates clockwise in the same direction as the planetary pinion gear. The clutch (C1) is
activated and locks the planetary carrier to the rear planetary sun gear. Clutch (C3) is also activated and locks the
carrier to the middle sun gear.

Rear Planetary Gear Train

The planetary short pinion gear and the long pinion gear are engaged which causes both pinion gears to lock due to
the different rotational directions. Torque from the sun gear and middle sun gear is transmitted to the planetary ring
gear which rotates clockwise in the same direction as the planetary carrier.

The counter drive gear rotates in a clockwise direction with the ring gear.

The counter driven gear is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction which in turn drives the differential ring gear in a
clockwise direction.

NOTE:
Engine braking is available when this gear is selected.

Power Flow - 4th Gear

Solenoid Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Solenoid

SLC 1 SLC 2 SLC 3 SLB 1 S1 S2

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D 4th Gear - - X X - -

X = Operating

Clutch and Brake Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Clutch Brake One-Way clutch

C1 C2 C3 B1 B2 F1
D 4th Gear X X - - - -

X = Operating

The planetary gear trains are in the following conditions:

Front planetary gear train Input: Ring gear Locked: Sun gear Output: Carrier
 Input: Ring gear
 Locked: Sun gear
 Output: Carrier

Rear planetary gear train Input: Rear sun gear, Carrier Locked: - Output: Ring gear
 Input: Rear sun gear, Carrier
 Locked: -
 Output: Ring gear

Front Planetary Gear Train

The input shaft rotates in a clockwise direction, driven by the torque converter. The planetary ring gear rotates in a
clockwise direction along with the planetary pinion gear which also rotates clockwise on its axis and orbit. The
planetary sun gear is locked by the fluid pump which causes it to press against the planetary ring gear and orbit the
sun gear, rotating on its axis.

The front planetary carrier rotates clockwise in the same direction as the planetary pinion gear. The clutch (C1) is
activated and locks the planetary carrier to the rear planetary sun gear. The intermediate shaft rotates in the same
direction as the input shaft. Clutch (C2) is also activated rotates in the same direction as the intermediate shaft.

Rear Planetary Gear Train

The planetary carrier rotates in a clockwise direction with the intermediate shaft. The short pinion gear rotates
clockwise on its axis and orbits at a faster speed than the sun gear. The long pinion gear rotates counter-clockwise
on its axis and orbit. The rotation of the ring gear is in a clockwise direction and is slower than the rotation of the
carrier due to the long pinion gear's rotation is counteracted by the planetary carrier.

The counter drive gear rotates in a clockwise direction with the ring gear.

The counter driven gear is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction which in turn drives the differential ring gear in a
clockwise direction.

NOTE:
Engine braking is available when this gear is selected.

Power Flow - 5th Gear

Solenoid Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Solenoid

SLC 1 SLC 2 SLC 3 SLB 1 S1 S2
D 5th Gear X - - X - -

X = Operating

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Clutch and Brake Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Clutch Brake One-Way clutch

C1 C2 C3 B1 B2 F1
D 5th Gear - X X - - -

X = Operating

The planetary gear trains are in the following conditions:

Front planetary gear train Input: Ring gear Locked: Sun gear Output: Carrier
 Input: Ring gear
 Locked: Sun gear
 Output: Carrier

Rear planetary gear train Input: Middle sun gear Locked: - Output: Ring gear
 Input: Middle sun gear
 Locked: -
 Output: Ring gear

Front Planetary Gear Train

The input shaft rotates in a clockwise direction, driven by the torque converter. The planetary ring gear rotates in a
clockwise direction along with the planetary pinion gear which also rotates clockwise on its axis and orbit. The
planetary sun gear is locked by the fluid pump which causes it to press against the planetary ring gear and orbit the
sun gear, rotating on its axis.

The front planetary carrier rotates clockwise in the same direction as the planetary pinion gear. The clutch (C3) is
activated and locks the planetary carrier to the rear planetary middle sun gear. The intermediate shaft rotates in the
same direction as the input shaft. Clutch (C2) is also activated and rotates in the same direction as the intermediate
shaft.

Rear Planetary Gear Train

The middle sun gear rotates clockwise in the same direction as clutch (C3). The deceleration of the front planetary
gear slows the speed of the input shaft. The intermediate shaft rotates clockwise in the same direction as the input
shaft. The planetary carrier also rotates clockwise in the same direction as the intermediate shaft.

The long pinion gear rotates clockwise on its axis and orbit. The carrier rotates faster than the middle sun gear which
causes the middle pinion gear to be cancelled out by the speed difference. The middle pinion gear orbits and rotates
on its axis in a clockwise direction.

The planetary ring gear rotates in a clockwise direction. The speed of the ring gear is faster than the planetary carrier
because the long pinion gear's rotation is combined with the planetary carrier's speed. The counter drive gear rotates
in a clockwise direction with the ring gear.

The counter driven gear is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction which in turn drives the differential ring gear in a
clockwise direction.

NOTE:
Engine braking is available when this gear is selected.

Power Flow - 6th Gear

Solenoid Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Solenoid

SLC 1 SLC 2 SLC 3 SLB 1 S1 S2
D 6th Gear X - X - - -

X = Operating

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Clutch and Brake Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Clutch Brake One-Way clutch

C1 C2 C3 B1 B2 F1
D 6th Gear - X - X - -

X = Operating

The planetary gear trains are in the following conditions:

Front planetary gear train Input: - Locked: - Output: -

 Input: -
 Locked: -
 Output: -

Rear planetary gear train Input: Carrier Locked: Middle sun gear Output: Ring gear
 Input: Carrier
 Locked: Middle sun gear
 Output: Ring gear

Front Planetary Gear Train

The input shaft rotates in a clockwise direction, driven by the torque converter. The intermediate shaft rotates
clockwise in the same direction as the torque converter. Clutch (C2) locks the intermediate shaft to the rear planetary
carrier.

Rear Planetary Gear Train

The planetary carrier rotates clockwise in the same direction as the intermediate shaft. The planetary long pinion gear
rotates clockwise on its axis and orbit. The rotational speed of the middle sun gear increases with input shaft speed
because it is locked.

The planetary ring gear rotates in a clockwise direction. The speed of the ring gear is faster than the planetary carrier
because the long pinion gear's rotation is combined with the planetary carrier's speed. The counter drive gear rotates
in a clockwise direction with the ring gear.

The counter driven gear is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction which in turn drives the differential ring gear in a
clockwise direction.

NOTE:
Engine braking is available when this gear is selected.

Power Flow - Reverse Gear

Solenoid Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Solenoid

SLC 1 SLC 2 SLC 3 SLB 1 S1 S2
R Reverse Gear - Less than 11 volts X X - X - -
R Reverse Gear - More than 11 volts X X X X - -

X = Operating

Clutch and Brake Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Clutch Brake One-Way clutch

C1 C2 C3 B1 B2 F1

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R Reverse Gear - Less than 11 volts - X - X - -

R Reverse Gear - More than 11 volts - - - - X -

X = Operating

The planetary gear trains are in the following conditions:

Front planetary gear train Input: Ring gear Locked: Sun gear Output: Carrier
 Input: Ring gear
 Locked: Sun gear
 Output: Carrier

Rear planetary gear train Input: Middle sun gear Locked: Carrier Output: Ring gear
 Input: Middle sun gear
 Locked: Carrier
 Output: Ring gear

Front Planetary Gear Train

The input shaft rotates in a clockwise direction, driven by the torque converter. The planetary ring gear rotates
clockwise with the input shaft.

The pinion gear rotates clockwise on its axis and orbit. The planetary sun gear is locked by the fluid pump which
causes it to press against the planetary ring gear and orbit the sun gear, rotating on its axis. The planetary carrier
rotates clockwise with the pinion gear orbit.

Clutch (C3) is activated and rotates clockwise and locks the planetary carrier to the rear planetary middle sun gear.

Rear Planetary Gear Train

The middle sun gear rotates clockwise with the clutch (C3), but at a lower speed than the input shaft. Brake (B2) is
activated and locks the planetary carrier. The long pinion gear rotates counter-clockwise which in turn rotates the ring
gear counter-clockwise.

The counter drive gear rotates in a counter-clockwise direction with the ring gear at the same speed.

The counter driven gear is rotated in a clockwise direction which in turn drives the differential ring gear in a counter-
clockwise direction.

NOTE:
Engine braking is available when this gear is selected.

Power Flow Neutral

Solenoid Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Solenoid

SLC 1 SLC 2 SLC 3 SLB 1 S1 S2
N Neutral X X X X - -

X = Operating

Clutch and Brake Operation

Transmission Selector Lever Position Clutch Brake One-Way clutch

C1 C2 C3 B1 B2 F1
R Reverse Gear - - - - - -

X = Operating

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In neutral, all the solenoids, except the 3 way solenoids, are energised and the clutches and brakes are all
disengaged. This allows rotation from the input shaft to rotate the front planetary gear train without transferring any
drive to the differential ring gear.

TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE (TCM)

Item Part Number Description

1 TCM
2 'Neutral 'N' position
3 Park 'P' position
4 Position sensor/manual shaft
5 Electrical connector

The TCM is located on the top of the transmission casing and is connected on the high speed CAN bus to send and
receive information to and from other system modules.

The TCM outputs signals to operate the transmission solenoid valves to control the hydraulic operation of the
transmission.

The ECM supplies the engine management data on the high speed CAN bus system. The TCM requires engine data
to efficiently control the transmission operation, using for example; crankshaft torque, engine speed, accelerator
pedal angle, engine temperature etc.

The TCM processes signals from the transmission speed and temperature sensors, ECM and other vehicle systems.
From the received signal inputs and pre-programmed data, the module calculates the correct gear, torque converter
clutch setting and optimum pressure settings for gear shift and lock-up clutch control.

The steering angle sensor and the ABS module also supply data to the TCM on the high speed CAN bus system. The
TCM uses data from these systems to suspend gear changes when the vehicle is cornering and/or the Anti-lock
Brake System (ABS) module is controlling braking or traction control.

The TCM is positioned over the manual shaft which protrudes through an oil seal on the top face of the main casing.
The shaft locates in a rotary position sensor and turns the sensor in the appropriate direction when a selection is
made using the selector lever. The rotary position sensor is a Hall effect sensor which outputs a specified voltage
relating to the selected selector lever position.

The selector lever is connected to the automatic transmission and the rotary position sensor in the transmission by a
Bowden cable. Movement of the selector lever moves the position switch via the Bowden cable and the switch
position informs the TCM of the selected position; P, R, N or D. The sport and manual +/- 'CommandShift™' switch
passes sport or manual selections to the TCM on a Local Interconnect Network (LIN) bus. The TCM outputs
appropriate information on the high speed CAN bus which is received by the instrument cluster to display the gear
selection information in the message center.

If the TCM or transmission requires replacement, a setting procedure must be performed using a Land Rover
approved diagnostic system to allow the TCM to learn the neutral position of the transmission. The TCM uses the
neutral position as a reference point for each of the gear positions P, R, N and D.

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CONTROL DIAGRAM

NOTE:
A = Hardwired; D = High speed CAN bus; O = LIN bus

Item Part Number Description

1 Battery
2 Battery Junction Box (BJB)
3 Central Junction Box (CJB)
4 TCM
5 Selector lever
6 Selector lever PRND and M/S Light Emitting Diode (LED) displays
7 High speed CAN bus to other vehicle systems
8 Instrument cluster
9 Steering angle sensor

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10 ABS module
11 ECM

INSTRUMENT CLUSTER

Item Part Number Description

1 Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
2 P R N D display
3 Sport mode display
4 'CommandShift™' transmission status display
5 Message center

The instrument cluster is connected to the TCM via the CAN. Transmission status is transmitted by the TCM and
displayed to the driver on one of two displays in the instrument cluster. For additional information, refer to Instrument
Cluster (413-01 Instrument Cluster)

Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)

The MIL is located in the upper left hand corner of the instrument cluster, within the tachometer. Transmission related
faults which may affect the vehicle emissions output will illuminate the MIL.

The MIL is illuminated by the ECM on receipt of a relevant fault message from the TCM on the CAN. The nature of
the fault can be diagnosed using a Land Rover approved diagnostic system which reads fault codes stored in the
TCM memory.

Transmission Status Display

The transmission status display is located on the right hand side of the instrument cluster, in the speedometer LCD
display. The display shows the selector lever P R N D position and in the case of manual ('CommandShift™') mode,
the selected gear. When the selector lever is moved to the 'Sport' position, 'SPORT' is displayed below the
CommandShift™ gear display.

Symbol Description
P Park selected
R Reverse selected

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N Neutral selected
D Drive selected
1 1st gear selected ('CommandShift™' mode)
2 2nd gear selected ('CommandShift™'mode)
3 3rd gear selected ('CommandShift™'mode)
4 4th gear selected ('CommandShift™'mode)
5 5th gear selected ('CommandShift™'mode)
6 6th gear selected ('CommandShift™'mode)
SPORT Sport mode selected

Message Center Display

The message center is located below the speedometer and the tachometer at the bottom of the instrument cluster.
The message center is a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) to relay vehicle status information to the driver. For additional
information, refer to Information and Message Center (413-08 Information and Message Center)

CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK (CAN)

The high speed CAN broadcast bus network is used to connect the powertrain modules. The CAN bus is connected
between the following electronic units:

High Speed CAN Bus

TCM

Instrument cluster

Steering angle sensor

Restraints control module

Engine Control Module (ECM)

ABS module

Adaptive Front lighting System (AFS) control module

Diagnostic socket.

The CAN bus allows a fast exchange of data between modules. The CAN bus comprises two wires which are
identified as CAN high (H) and CAN low (L). The two wires are colored yellow/black (H) and yellow/brown (L) and are
twisted together to minimise electromagnetic interference (noise) produced by the CAN bus messages. For additional
information, refer to Communications Network (418-00 Module Communications Network)

In the event of CAN bus failure, the following symptoms may be observed:

Transmission operates in default mode

Torque converter lock-up clutch control is disabled

Gear position indication in instrument cluster LCD inoperative (this will also occur with any transmission fault).

DRIVING MODES

A number of different driving modes are available. Some can be selected by the driver and some are automatically
initiated by the TCM to adapt to different driving conditions.

Normal

Sport

Manual 'CommandShift™'

Cooling

Hill Descent Control (HDC)

Cruise

Limp home

Coast

Fast off recognition

Uphill and Trailer

Downhill

Wide Throttle

Terrain Response

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Reverse lock-out

Normal

Normal mode is automatically selected by the TCM when the ignition is switched on. In this mode all automatic and
adaptive modes are active. Normal mode uses gear shift and lock-up maps which provide the optimum of fuel
consumption, emissions and driveability, depending on the driving style.

If the transmission is operated in sport mode or 'CommandShift™' mode and the selector lever is moved back to the
drive 'D' position, then normal mode operation is resumed.

Sport

Sport mode provides enhanced acceleration and responsiveness by the use of sports shift maps. This mode allows
the transmission to down shift more readily and hold gears for longer at higher engine speeds.

Manual 'CommandShift™'

Manual 'CommandShift' mode allows the transmission to operate as a semi-automatic transmission. The driver can
change up and down the six forward gears with the freedom of a manual transmission.

Shift maps are provided to protect the engine at high speeds. The TCM will automatically change up to a higher gear
ratio to prevent engine overspeed and change down to a lower gear ratio to avoid engine laboring and stalling.

When kick-down is requested the TCM shifts down to the lowest available gear. When the vehicle is stationary, the
driver can select 1st, 2nd or 3rd to start off.

When moving from a standstill, upshifts can be pre-selected by making '+' selections with the selector lever for the
number of upshifts required. The TCM then performs the requested number of upshifts when appropriate shift points
are reached. For example; when moving off in 1st gear, if 3 '+' selections are made in quick succession, the TCM will
automatically upshift through the gears to 4th gear as the vehicle accelerates, without any further selections being
made.

Cooling

Cooling mode is activated when the TCM detects excessively high transmission fluid or engine coolant temperatures.
When this mode is active torque converter lock-up is activated earlier to minimize a further rise in fluid and/or engine
coolant temperature and assist fluid cooling.

Hill Descent Control (HDC)

The HDC mode assists the ABS module in controlling the downhill speed of the vehicle. When HDC is active, the
TCM selects the most appropriate gear for the descent to maximize engine braking.

Maximum engine braking is applied using a shift map which initiates later upshifts and early downshifts.

Cruise

When speed control is activated, the TCM receives a speed control active message on the high speed CAN bus. The
TCM activates a speed control map which minimizes up and down shifts.

Cruise mode is active when speed control is selected on and the transmission is in drive 'D', sport 'S', HDC or Terrain
Response Grass/gravel/snow program. Unique cruise maps override the current mode to provide a smooth driving
feel and mode reselection.

Limp Home

If a transmission fault is detected by the TCM, the TCM adopts a limp home strategy and a message
'TRANSMISSION FAULT LIMITED GEARS AVAILABLE' is displayed in the message center. If the fault has an effect
on engine emissions, the MIL in the instrument cluster will also be illuminated.

In limp home mode, P, R and N functions operate normally (if the fault allows these selections) and the TCM locks
the transmission in 3rd gear to allow the driver to take the vehicle to a Land Rover dealer or approved repairer.
Torque converter lock-up is disabled and reverse-lock-out will not function.

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If the vehicle is stopped and subsequently restarted in the limp home mode condition, the TCM operates normally
until the fault which caused the condition is detected again.

Coast

Coast mode provides earlier downshifts during coasting dependant on output shaft deceleration rate to improve
driveability and refinement by avoiding negative to positive driveline torque reversals transmission during the
downshifts.

Fast Off Recognition

Fast off recognition is activated when the TCM detects that the driver has released the accelerator pedal quickly. This
is detected by the TCM monitoring for a high level of negative pedal angle from ECM signals on the high speed CAN
bus. If this condition is detected, the TCM holds the current gear ratio to allow the driver to complete the manoeuvre
without the need for a downshift. The mode can remain active for a predetermined length of time or if the driving style
remains passive.

Fast off recognition mode assists vehicle stability and is used in conjunction a lateral acceleration input during
cornering to maintain the current gear until the corner is negotiated.

Uphill and Trailer

Uphill and trailer mode can be active when the transmission is operating in normal, sport or Terrain Response modes.
When the vehicle is pulling a trailer or driving up an incline, the TCM detects the increased resistance by monitoring
engine torque and speed signals received from the ECM on the high speed CAN bus and also transmission output
shaft speed sensor signals. Uphill and trailer mode will provide downshifts to prevent a drop in transmission torque
output and maintain driving force.

Downhill

Downhill mode can be active when the transmission is operating in normal, sport or Terrain Response modes. When
the vehicle is descending an incline the TCM detects a reduction in resistance by monitoring engine torque and
speed signals received from the ECM on the high speed CAN bus and also transmission output shaft speed sensor
signals. Downhill mode assists engine braking by selecting an appropriate gear reducing the load required on the
brakes.

Wide Throttle

Wide open throttle mode operates for part throttle upshifts and kick-down upshifts. It provides consistent wide open
throttle upshift performance under all driving conditions. The full engine speed range is used in all driving modes;
normal, sport, hill modes and Commandshift. Compensation is used for delays (hydraulic and electronic) in gear
change request to gear change start to provide smooth changes and correct shift point correction.

Terrain Response

The Terrain Response system has a unique set of shift maps for each of the Terrain Response programs. These
programs override existing modes; for example when HDC is active and the 'Sand', 'Mud and Ruts' or
'Grass/Gravel/Snow' programs are selected, a specific Terrain Response map is used, not the HDC mode shift map
detailed previously.

Reverse Lock-Out

If the selector lever is moved from N to R and the vehicle is travelling forwards, reverse selection is prevented if the
vehicle speed is 11 km/h (6.8 mph) or more. When reverse lock-out is activated, the clutch (C3) is released without
energizing solenoid (SLC3), preventing the transmission from selecting reverse gear.

TRANSMISSION FAULT STATUS

If the TCM detects a fault with the transmission system, it will enter a default (limp home) mode to prevent further
damage to the transmission and allow the vehicle to be driven. If possible reverse gear will be available and also 3rd
gear only.

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When a fault is detected a high speed CAN message is sent from the TCM and is received by the instrument cluster.
The instrument cluster illuminates the MIL (if required) and displays an applicable message in the message center.
For additional information, refer to Information and Message Center (413-08 Information and Message Center)

Some transmission faults may not illuminate the MIL or display a fault message, but the driver may notice a reduction
in shift quality.

ENGINE SPEED AND TORQUE MONITORING

The ECM constantly supplies the TCM with information on engine speed and torque through messages on the CAN
bus. The TCM uses this information to calculate the correct and appropriate timing of shift changes.

If the messages are not received by the ECM, the TCM will implement a back-up strategy to protect the transmission
from damage and allow the vehicle to be driven.

In the event of an engine speed or torque signal failure, the transmission will adopt the electrical limp home mode
with the transmission operating in a fixed gear.

TOWING FOR RECOVERY

WARNING: Ensure that the remote handset remains docked whilst the vehicle is being towed.
Removing the remote handset will engage the steering lock, which will prevent the vehicle from steering
correctly. If the engine cannot be run whilst the vehicle is being towed, there will be no power assistance for
the steering or brakes. This will result in greater effort being required to steer or slow the vehicle, and
greatly increased stopping distances.

CAUTION: The vehicle should only be towed with four wheels on the ground. Towing with two
wheels on the ground will result in serious damage to the transmission. The vehicle should only be towed
for a maximum of 80 km (50 miles), at a maximum speed of 80 km/h (50 mph). Towing for a greater distance,
or at a higher speed may result in serious damage to the transmission.

NOTE:
The recommended recovery method is by trailer or recovery vehicle.

Secure the towing attachment from the recovery vehicle to the front towing eye.

Insert the remote handset in the start control module and switch on the ignition by pressing the start/stop button once.

NOTE:
Leaving the ignition switched on for extended periods will cause the battery to drain.

Apply the foot brake, and move the selector lever to the neutral 'N' position. With the footbrake still applied, release
the park brake. If electrical power to the selector is not available, the emergency release lever on the selector lever
can be used to release the interlock solenoid.

The vehicle can be towed a maximum of 80 km (50 miles) at a maximum speed of 80 km/h (50 mph).

Park the vehicle on firm, level ground. Apply the park brake and move the selector lever to the park 'P' position.

Switch off the ignition and remove the remote handset.

CAUTION: The vehicle cannot be towed in a reverse direction.

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