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SQL Cheat Codes

This document provides SQL cheat sheet that summarizes common SQL queries and functions used to retrieve, filter, sort, calculate and modify data in database tables. Key SQL clauses covered include SELECT, WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, JOIN, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, DISTINCT, LIKE and aggregate functions. It also discusses TABLE operations like TRUNCATE, ALTER and creating INDEXES and VIEWS.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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28 views

SQL Cheat Codes

This document provides SQL cheat sheet that summarizes common SQL queries and functions used to retrieve, filter, sort, calculate and modify data in database tables. Key SQL clauses covered include SELECT, WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, JOIN, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, DISTINCT, LIKE and aggregate functions. It also discusses TABLE operations like TRUNCATE, ALTER and creating INDEXES and VIEWS.

Uploaded by

hemant more
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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30- SQL

CHEATCODE FOR
EBEGINNERS
This is used to retrieve data from one or more tables. It is
SELECT
the most basic and frequently used query in SQL.
EXAMPLE: SELECT * FROM table_name;

WHERE This is used to filter data based on certain conditions.

EXAMPLE:SELECT* FROM table_name WHERE Column_name = value;

ORDER BY This is used to sort data in ascending or descending


order.

EXAMPLE:SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name ASC/DESC;

This is used to retrieve data from one or more tables. It is


GROUP BY
the most basic and frequently used query in SQL.
EXAMPLE:SELECT column_name, COUNT(") FROM table_name GROUP BY
column_name;

This is used to combine data from two or more tables


JOIN
based on a related column.

EXAMPLE: SELECT* FROM tablel JOiN table2 ON tablel.column_name =


table2.column_name;
INSERT INTO This is used to insert new data into a table.

EXAMPLE: INSERT INTO table_name (column1,column2, column3) VALUES


(valuel, value2, value3);

UPDATE This is used to update existing data in a table

EXAMPLE: UPDATE table_name SET column_name = new_value WHERE


condition;

DELETE This is used to delete data from a table.

EXAMPLE:DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;

DISTINCT This is used to retrieve unique values from a column

EXAMPLE:SELECT DISTINCT column_name FROM table_name;

LIKE This is used to search for patterns in a column.

EXAMPLE: ELECT* FROM table_name WHERE column_name


LIKE %pattern%';
BETWEEN This is used to retrieve data within a range

EXAMPLE:SELECT *FROM table_name WHERE column_name BETWEEN


valuel AND value2;

IN
This is used to retrieve data where a column matches any
value in a list.
EXAMPLE: SELECT* FROM table_name WHERE Column_name
IN (value1, value2, value3);

This is used to retrieve data that does not meet a certain


NOT
condition

EXAMPLE: SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE NOT column_name = value;

DISTINCT This is used to retrieve unique values from a column

EXAMPLE: SELECT DISTINCT column_name FROM table_name;

MAX This is used to retrieve the maximum value in a column.

EXAMPLE:SELECT MAX(column_name) FROM table_name;


MIN This is used to retrieve the minimum value in a column.

EXAMPLE: SELECT MIN(column_name) FROM table_name;

AVG This is used to retrieve the average value ofa column.

EXAMPLE: SELECT AVG(column_name) FROM table_name;

SUM This is used to retrieve the sum of values in a column

EXAMPLE:SELECT SUM(column _name) FROM table_name;

COUNT This is used to retrieve the number of rows in a table.

EXAMPLE :SELECT COUNT(") FROM table_name;

This is used to filter data based on a condition that uses


HAVING
an aggregate function.
EXAMPLE: SELECT column_name, AVG(column_name) FROM table_name
GROUP BY column_name HAVING AVG(column_name) > 10;
This is used to combine the result of two or more SELECT
UNION
statements.
EXAMPLE: SELECT column_name FROM tablel UNION SELECT
column_name FROM table2;

This is used to retrieve data from the first SELECT Statement


EXCEPT that is not present in the second SELECT Statement.
EXAMPLE: SELECT column_name FROM table1 EXCEPT SELECT
column_name FROM table2;

This is used to retrieve data that is common to both


INTERSECT
SELECT statements.

EXAMPLE: SELECT column_name FROM tablel INTERSECT SELECT


column_name FROM table2;

EXISTS This is used to check if a subquery returns any rows.

EXAMPLE: SELECT*FROM table1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT *FROM table2


WHERE tablel.column_name = table2.column_name);

SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name > ANY


ANY
(SELECT column_name FROM table2);
EXAMPLE:SELECT *FROM table_name WHERE column_name> ANY (SELECT
column_name FROM table2);
ALL This is used to compare a value with all values in a list or
subquery.
EXAMPLE: SELECT* FROM table_name WHERE column_name > ALL (SELECT
column_name FROM table2);

CASE This is used to apply conditional logic in a SELECT statement.

EXAMPLE: SELECT column_name, CASE WHEN Column_name = value


THEN 'Output1'ELSE 'Output2' END FROM table_name;
This is used to retrieve the first non-null value from a list
cOALESCE
of values.

EXAMPLE: SELECT COALESCE(column1, column2,column3) FROM


table_name;

NULLIF
This is used to compare two values and return null if they
are equal.

EXAMPLE :SELECT NULLIF(column1, column2) FROM table_name;

This is used to combine rows from two or more tables


JOIN based on a related column.

EXAMPLE:SELECT column1, column2 FROM tablel JOIN table2 ON


table1.column_name = table2.column_name;
TRUNCATE TABLE This is used to delete all data from a table

EXAMPLE: TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

ALTER TABLE This is used to modify the structure ofa table.

EXAMPLE: ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name data_type;

INDEX
This is used to create an index on a column, which can
improve the performance of queries.

EXAMPLE:CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name);

This is used to enforce rules on columns, such as


CONSTRAINT
requiring a value to be unique or not null.
EXAMPLE: ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name
UNIQUE (column_name);

This is used to create a virtual table based on a SELECT


VIEW
statement, which can be used like a regular table
EXAMPLE: CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT COlumn1, column2 FROM
table_name WHERE column1= value;

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