(ee ° le | A = C vio a7 ty ——- Yn) be vectors ib lala to be eMhonvennl| tk aa elo, ip lef sa —-| _ Aut y Viv} = a nat ee 2 | © Cushagonal matrix (AAS A'A = toxn ) _ 5 7 we bmw that Aft= AA =r —o 2 | __| ama AAT'= ATA=r —O tuo a2 ear [Lo eo) “ocnplate fer} Lt ef — Gouy ondnorgonal. mati of rn’ | +00 sb Ton “Poe 2x2 foe, teal. [ sine -c0s6/ ee) [30 sins [-sing c030_| 1 | J . ) > > » > 2 2 > Fee 2X3 = 0 sind o sing -@80 0! Loo © ( > > > example! f wre __ bs Mth —U sinh ceBh% | (mpprs ry E aeeo ————— = a ante asd] aa) - - : es Ce ee . a0 tbd=0 ~ tation -to-te_oenig ret — be deel - Now, y= Tab] = thy’ v2" Ted] = ad tag | = Oo Ty vie al ut A be_any matHix , hm potlowing axo calivalent G) A&B Bethe (i) Rows A pocorn an _ottronbomal su (i) Columba o% A form on o4thonoxmal sit Patt fos yf [Soest ee eto ator ot a nd ivopuctios - = LO Are / | © AB @_kh (Ate) (A+B)! = (68) _chay'= «| ea) trader GD a ro=r CTD) te ae fa'+ Ag! +6A! +oBa4 ABB p! Ft AR'40A'+t-7 Aral + '+BAl= —r | = Aa! ped. % == AB+ of “I “holds ozWe | ot. (ER Pace an @_fe0uta) (Al FAL AM! ® ge Sum_of, diag AA'=L Oo” Mueree AS (A-— 4)'| -onals tan © PIAA (El | i» always = A (AlAl_ aS) ietage mo oeng {1 eauala to ay ty re = AP CA)” LAL (AI=1 pl ~ = (pap® ea: tex) | P=) [fae] TP Hotels =n [feo | = #* y . 7 o o ~y Unitas Matix (0A? APa= =). - y > We it =p? 7 = —_ We_kenoud trat _AA® =pla=r —(D (tie) Y and AR =a' Aap OO ~ Fuom © od® [ae=at] ~ a 79 —, => - — Ary wnicaeey A / a 2] ____| pat A=[a 2} _ ee a =). Le 4 _ = ape=r => [a bs] [qa el-fr of c a4f[e al Lol] : = leat terbd | [1 a let+ba cetdd | [0 2 > tal (p= 4] | aw [al* | lett _fal”= Conditions per - od at + bd =0 Undtaily AMX 3 [a ae baz od > =~ eM WV 9 VaM= VeVR 9g We V2 > Ve ly aot puoduck Im case eh comple ~ ct A tytn A uaa ad ges wow, aes orn_getapienpmml gut! swlltive to hoe > a) Of coriplee victors _ | Spat >[QT page &" | Aus 9s eesy puthogmal wabrie 9 wang? — — ats! No, Ape” exam} ee f= ee fen _ivinke | 5 dee or Me gor ec 7 — (sinhe wsnx J but not ween. ——@ — —Savey eal —stdegoal matelx i» wala _ Pb fpase biog + ; ene © Ate ; a” a (At@) CATRD®= F CAD Gat) PIE (A+B) (a° +8%)=5 (AL A__- A= ARE HR Be an? bor (A%) CaP. A) =5 Z + Ab e+ 6p Ope : (A®) (A= [aoe ef e 4 (AAMT Holds. neta enuy ig _@)_+% CARP) a a [ele a] 20% for PB - [ 0 any sink 0B (06) cAee? O10! Ae (6° Ae) ; Ane= or a tant = rl 25 AAT = 11 Bia RA _ _ der Ch) aot) = 1 2 “(RAD kA P= | faeealE RACR AP) =x [dot l=] ~ KR AAO=r : ae(B =e! 5 BER RR LE == [em a Snes vb eyualto 4° | TAY: ale, _ fe ee éxonnple - 5 ~ ; ra fe ty gee — > lo fe But not oetrogirnal &. ee = ‘Neti Moban CAR = APA) > - eee mabeix ib noternal, “alt nual og onek molwix ib reel 7 Gusuy real _synirmeteic ws noeomad. tury hugmixtan/ dew hugmikon 6 neesrrel waa Suerey seed. sea) byrmvmetic mrakix ib nomad > 5 Same amples: [iti 2] 516-3] ~ Po i} *Ts J me ~ >t Ae [it 0] ~ Lo al Hue Ao = APA 5 pAe= [3 a. °} = _fatiyyy Alagoral meet. i > faspuusios! 5 (ath) Late)? = (A+8)( ate) (arB) (nox 2°) = (99+ 07) (ATA) pAo+ Ae? + ane +82 = AA + 68+ OA+ 1% iy feeeeAT iy asAte =[fnteu 1 Awbn | = Ta) 3 3d LI [Pat 21 { Aarteor| | 4) 6 5] c) Block S er be of Aan _Ai2e, «x \. ee. = )rRAu RA < [RAxt RAa2 | 4 * oe Licoreon * e.. tah om) Oe 7 ¢ i A=|)\2 1 B=} vie rae +2-= - >, 4h ai 4 Lk RE Pi | ge 5\ 6 . ; IY Aaa ot > [ By bu + Arr Bal Au Bp + An. é L. [Fou t Arab! Ax Biot Aaa Bor Pl _ - x -. = » OA "showed be quate matin : _ © _ Abagonal bok aw also square matte oe - ~ Examples’ a > me x _ a > fi feig tats ti ety 5 > tot) oi TTT T Ty 7] ji tie 6, 8) — pe v {4 “yyy 4y df 4 | 44 4 | y 55135 5) Blexs La, 5 8({ 5 al, ‘ > Net a” Kay ! | Syitnre block a look! mated x “alr - ~ . ° > Auprimcbyy “4 texe fame _nd.of hoeefeontay* werctad dius 6 ically . betel dumvenebei J<. —_—— — ala =9 —— 5 e. cee = fra > trent wane «; aan ; id such tree A=A _ —> for Bxd mateix —> 8 Tratein 4bUmd_ ae © ie 5 fap jox10 maken —2 21° mabe ow Gc) = Sth AelR] Ly AU Idemnpetent maser ©, : 0 of! puch that [RE @ oa: CODY Not comple X «x f° => Saivndity ie_ornly mabeix_yutioh i» blempotert abe att ad rubella : a: —S PAkh= 0 dovmet i A=0 6% B=0 €. But AB=O (riop Lind WAIED ape Ib/= 0, al: a =F Licehankies ¢ : Ate = Gis) Are Bike o P7407 +ABt BA= ATB & AB= BA -~O ak Or + ROT BA = HO Ae= -bA —@ he AB+BA=O Aaoing O*® a Pag entiltiny by A AB= 0 él ARB + ABA = 0 sub O byO - Ap=-Abh | o BA =0 © Post rue ply 6Y A Ab= 6A=0 ot : ABA + BAO shold only { AO =BA so e| LC ABA= BA Now FE J ir. » t 9%Nn, pa [oM {O87 lame ABA S {eA} = Now y pA= Ae _| RATS AABE [easier = & [k*s) a yee eK a okde 1 RORNIRP | apt 7 om © et HUH R=0 CRA | ane an - — - oat pal. pt , fA Ate ANS _ ~ WaA eA 7 © (a> inlzoms » GA dunbity roduc. , [AI=L , otturuuaise AI=0 > Cortes mot “Hl - 5 2 ae we com. plan [ex ceo on aagoral ! omtuith * Twace & maximum at > ton le wth all entries | ~ = Lax om wad= { 0, 1,2) ~--0 0 » += % use com be onboed ote Man 0,1 YO a [me ) ow [4 ~~ -- ~ [wu #] a + . , 2 4 tJ ner? eae > wf! 1 -~--¥ 9 / bo Mmaknt x ? oT | 3 1 0 ~.0 ___J 1 ¢ 3 = - — — 5 feu comple muvnibyy: _9_=0 yvk 4 (atth)= arth 07 atari!) pee bab’ + dabi= ath wo ya at | Not pagal 7 Compare m4 ar oot _—— aca deb =b verbea 7 2>04IL [beet ee lB7O Se —)) b=0 aro Spirales io E $ vy om a HE NN Ke compro 10a “ee itg =n ! : fo oOo oo KI e; o 0 od O GS o OO 'o 0 | _ < of op of I Lyk 0 0 9 Of ey fy - : es. (Are) AP ©_1Al nails (ADEE a nz « At BEART BA= I (@—A)* ale L+L + Ae =z AN A IE) <.. [Ret en=-2 | OOP: ary = : Holds oly y potaa=—z | (ATTY | © py exise ©. ee | oe se” @ he : uP) 3a eae Og (Ab) *= AB AB ont lynty rt. Sh BA Ab, > [Asa aout [ie Wnvelypary lai ABBA = ABA a = AIA = WoL eH ce ni fra Se Hace of odd o mates amd vice s 1 esa OG ek. foe ox! foe YY Jere canon Ms mmpoctedix - s $n _azuw | myer OK) ayy |__-—————e-ty eg fre | | any Sperat eee aed _ - eheed, %Nilpot mE Mokete \AF=0) Syniton ku A= [aiglngn be a pyuare mater toon 4 th cabled niente moktix 4 A*= Otmmix] [Ren] Nilpotunt compu ]0 | [Jo 2 foe = Indo L = e ofto o | oe _ po wtunaoy, ue get zoe _mecbieie, tae’ on ATC son 118 idee ~~ 7 k | Inoue of Méepotentcommet etcend Lbs oridun iba Fors enamnple: foe 3X3 rmatwlrx, on AX» yao mtx wv not ine | ne COOGEE GAS i> ae we obtain cero rats D> te 8-0 _ | SS Lat)= lol 1S always Ve * heerminant of i) iaik=0__| Uepatune 8200, i = IAl=0 | a? Rut Won & not eu | 4 gui [4 0) » Wu [RI=9 /#(q)'= 0 a ~~ To-el Aut ew not niteteme foe BKD Mapex: [1 o_o a 0 4 0 _ be ., tesa SperatQannie 2a wet ha < gro ult sare of eA | as that op ‘A’ _@ _Sriide —_— 5 Se ae ane Ya) SI de) f — ; — RtO a ® k=O, ey _ 7 [ ametee (A=) dnt 2 talk = _«& o34 ve [inr=0) « -@_ Ae « = AB & mi)polent when __— |; AB= BA te comenure | ‘Wwe cust makix © a. ukin IAl=0 amd etA2=0 But net mlepoterrt « 5h Snide (AD = FP PU een Ax3 « gnc (8>= 8) _ ‘ Foner (9 B= in(eB > Uppue Bulamputore : ie Fo 3 '}fo 419 Sparel ee atayonals 4 oo \ 6 oO i ath « [00 3 PG OT — = Row ; paz | 0007 9nim=i| 2 hd we SOL ' | bp 00 : oehee @) at ot ll ll eg ba PETOM COTO R Oey veuderererte | | | | 1 Bxs Sal | Lal bee bees] patel wate ont | bent Lah + a ¥ C a ae Be PEN A | | Lb 2 = $ ls = Z* Zo Alig 7 Aamt B we saiol tom 2etp diwbors jf eb=O wm _af0 4 bFO, ep eed _faample t 2p _2¢ Chemtindee 20> [rt pets J i ony compesite t K Whheut Zico abuligs fund 6 wu widte be witout ano abuses, _Qeb=0 4 Hes) hun ether a=0 ov b=Q & example + Real mumbo. mang a e * Come ‘inks to rerremler *> © ¥* Wey squuate aMakix ¢ uni weit os @ Suan _symametule. on ic aku X feo fe 28> Ata = ate) pil — At b= Ate! and C=A-A At b= are! ond c= AA) A= (nip) = AeA - fia) =6 4 Dey Sinetea os) 5 c= (AA e EAA AZ pte -O | Adi AtA'= 26 | 4 A= bto)! oO bath A-A’= 20 Alo) el a p=ot-o -O | ~ype na aly shud nwurny He TR x Au "of yesmittan and as in and A exy squat oly tine ey PEL PHLQ. un usher my ew bok hema, * ay Hevmnition maleix ca _be “action PHB P48 ane yal a_i J Seu) ~[Nor-onrve-y)— _ cs F i nated 5 epic comemnuite. * Scale Mate ‘Matelx. Teas See X Nil patarit Mabare — = foe en A= find La] why rb Prder XA . CO [Rr wit ae Qn Wis we howe Dwlle [ | a inne wuldin ob pol MM ais of Fecocten ; , ) ) tu: A: 2 _ 7 .5]= | , cS] : - =— Quss! a A's ott gw Awe nilpotent o mgt} i y iy es vi en FAY ome pet be powwoe pL fans 2M oe > KD (ANyS= 0 * | : Wo nln 4 AON pet To Ab eA re = | a > We get Some pour & A uur amaky» A=. _ "| y and tham ky i albo foosie _ i _ Sparat7H AN=o_, Hem GQ) 70. is “Sag AAO Tone a et (Wy? =0_ a a Je] ey mms (ay 20. “es a ee 7h Aad, Hun Ale? ; xs ahs "20. as power 4 ein eaten & 240. ee HK Ailveminant of eat, xowonal, tntegical. maguie — © \p axe: ¥en, xakonel integra ance suapec tively G). a in ouoy onbed cH Th ; OE OED e- Setouminant Chast of All Matas =e © | Pe rt w . : « 2 rs i gt ae ein. ae > =. ‘ [= ‘ ts wi | / it — Se €rhd Page % Mempotent yrabevt alse hae 28 jngtekin eats Nusrber. 06 nan pull emdeies Cc Sp | 7 No of eoserial _eathrice” atehueiaey “onglents ole a fda Fie knoeon ab tse anal ete that _ - Ak eh = fou iP ny fee sual i [7] =mn __tman 2) foe wmpua wud ou R= (%--~% | = 2mn. te Ooh aR tn att as St Fee comple ped outs compied'no. =| pet comm i--J ty foe ingonal epvliies = [acer] =: stetak = deagonet enbiies Les} =n 2 : 7 i Va 5) Fou uppor teloongulare mouedn. [8 ad _]oo%, Teg > : picasa = Tah \+2t3+-----tn = mal nt.) ok] n> Sn b= mint) =FAC pase \ ; eo 7 on of Cuong A000 of A ae oh We (ieee 2 then fee AB 16 ab _ — 4 a a xn makix “ uthoee “ath, you ® sum i S _¢@ = a am. mXp “amelie “whose Kini dyn be : UB Hwn eae How AUT _&f ABZ lab? ee ——~¢ — a ae fe AP As [oe ___*g re eee _ ~ © ij = Fp — —s _ ——— = 7 a Ea —e Th b> ~ © Jom ys . « Unni jp tont_Mabiiz fs SS oo => A syuane trae A Loi] is Qail to be umpotent'g f tD_IAl = a, Gi) any € ue foto ale igs _ © Hep pureed ~ 4 6 © Ata (Not Holds) . dt fi = a B= 7 (ei eee ‘ Ate= [22] C — ig | a »’ aun > @_fist » kt A= | o | b= fi o | ~~ i ° ml o - > lal J=-1 > Ae fe 2] ABI = =| ~ oa few Fo Saw wo AB olds oe @ 1nel — Aetweré nant petds (A®l = 1A) «Bl CIDIET) 1 - AX = A A= Hadas R= IRA RA = Hallo wey R=t1 BL fealA) = valuvays bntegerces, a Sumrea integ.ecs ir } aleGe AT = Atle. I ake YAl, ve: @ bign oy -ve big ¢ SN SP OER SE BWUUEOGOt Ee Ce?Fe exemple + foe 3%? omirorh % onde — a = By, nL — cr — — — - = fo a — — @. pe Formula + no. of amniners of oxdaw 2: x7 ee ee MaKe Gc Noo, minglls of oudee 9: "X79 o. Minis ai abo known en Setrvminel Kank ng E * Roo tebwlon Foon A rae bald int $e fetLouinng. two conditions Wold ait 2A Ott “at _bottone of rmapeix. © of uayaling Ion ene i pueceuling Jove. *"Clmronbeug_ operation? OD RR ager 0% Re KRE, APO dike , B) Ri > ket KR where 020 ok 40= ¥ Kow Kew Reduce | tumondal far Sar ead ary i. a at tae and tach, badtip— yy — eaclepk leo a a > Rank Rank of matric v largest chon xx0 roe ome = Ha mati, jal on lan “manor of eadla ao WIR ib 2% 7 fall cap mae we wt ame Wh, sain ib 4p, => WW amiga dole alten] pect deur oh ong tex VUddduudcdd = SUA) = 4A) 3 > AH) 1,4 IMFO 4 end iy > + 8) 2 SIA) = BATA ] = AD + 5CBS » © [BABY = mm( stay 408) ) > a _ Sdepete nt moti, ~ an | AE TT > = _| ») BA) + sAD 4 3(92) +1 > AZA (Hiveny AA) + SCA) 4 Ot [MGR AtA)+ §(8) 4 SLAG EN 2AA) =n [nce w SIA) + 4A) = SUA) Fm SAD on [ee mw (A) + 46) = SU tN oR ss Pa _ 5 Aten s ‘0d = = Te s eae” Tee = Se 2&5 > OR) p®=0 (onder =K» > 44) = Fm] CK nt s Pull £cOMR : Sy 2Mabele = : Rock. rake. Knxm) =minlneMd 5+ R OT ae 2 ee Ae kn, b= : SLAB) = 3 D4SLB=N 9 NEP te B Fulbog $(B) J 4 stm: n » nem te Ae oe ) » M_furst vos SCB=n, Le ‘nape B 6 of pull doak | ov oul ve 10 UL Bib of full ecamk Mem) Kove Sb ond Ors BAD SB =ME | fecal Page CY Null) ef a aa mw ynadiin 32> e —— _¢ 7 Nuwee 7 “altix, means no “4 sees, — _ in “put _nedakon, an a _ = N@d= {ks ax=o} c: Be Pint X_ “woh inal -$- belts Ax= 0. _¢ = natty ya) = i * Sone % ‘Ged ultpedar a Reb 4°7 Of A be macnn aku AuLoh tat S| f)~5 e nt ebinineet A _blerrremls SUBIe Spek fe aa ML tt), 2, ny) 6 ET A= No- of columns, © Rebulk 2% 7 In Jdurnpotent matic » S(AD= LAD rn _ - - + —; - Repu 3? Ay bbe tuo Ane Matin ocdoto 6 mk such tat AB= 0, AB ib irs /. mntein , thw S(AD+ 4 (BS=6 < fucA) + wid =n « efxoo4 4(A) +38) £ 5@B)tN 4 ~~ 45(A) +508) = 1 DL Aw=0 => (ABd= 7 iso, Slat B) = 4(AD +4185 nN 4 415) —-O Ceernn Of ©, [scart ear] ; ; Lf 25 th) a _ cb) = i 7 Vey | v > [ouid+ pen) ee a) aoe a 3 Magen) =F IAI = Lact — te ladjAl to ab lal +0 _ ve aaj 44 full sR, : Kune Ladj Al = a pb) _5(A)=_ 1! (wee i= 05 eee Saag Ad = + ? a 004 ' SCA) + 4 laodjA) £ S(A-adpA) +7 ye + Sach) = oe AUTAL-In) (ay AY = | (Ale o fe SC ada) : eae sa Toa Ao es a 4 Sl adph) $0. ged) inlet angie l [scold CL) SUA =n-2_, tron SLanjay= Ph 0, foot! —witwn we _yondl. 500 A)_ shun) we ctemintt orn mou oy ore Loli Livto get minge oh i=! te: Of DAB: le get roo cele UUnaac rene 20t SLady A) 4 N-2 0. yee ret L ye ET)ry 4UAD=0 —> Salty A) = =n ay 4(@=9) => saad 1 — foe ay (A) = ne > 5104 AD =O, e Hence, _S(adgA) of Ab 123773. == _ —t _@ Saas Dn atabe Bere € € oy ry Abe any seni neat 7 4(A= SUA= 51D) = SUEA= ALA) = 5142) = =H ED ~ gn Hd (OAL 5(A)= en Neen) —$§<* TLE Fa a - stay H me : — a ee Rebult-6 > YA mnitpo tent Hum “AY Nie potent pene ib ue va hai ! Result ti? 4(0AG)- IBD yf fy ove ren seryare = NGS pp Da sf Frmeduuetol from ane sane _ae tart ete ag! [ AZ garh_ of ib bane Hak of A, A ee JO) juducga {oan _ Ce Bi - ee ae