III - II Semester

L T P C
3 0 0 3
Artificial Intelligence
Course Objectives:

Course Objectives:

1) To have a basic proficiency in a traditional AI language including an ability to write

simple to intermediate programs and an ability to understand code written in that
language.
2) To improve analytical and problem-solving skills based on the characteristics of the
problem using various heuristic search techniques and to improve designing and
playing a game
3) To have knowledge on propositional calculus, proportional and predicate logic to
understand few systems such as natural deduction, axiomatic system, etc.
4) To have an understanding of the basic issues of knowledge representation and blind
and heuristic search, as well as an understanding of other topics such as minimax,
resolution, etc. that play an important role in AI programs.
5) To have a basic understanding of some of the more advanced topics of AI such as
learning, natural language processing, agents and robotics, expert systems, and plan-
ning
6) To have basic knowledge on probabilistic analysis and networks as well as fuzzy
systems and fuzzy logics.

UNIT-I
Introduction to artificial intelligence: Introduction, history, intelligent
systems, foundations of AI, applications, tic-tac-toe game playing, development of
AI languages, current trends in AI
Problem solving: state-space search and control strategies: Introduction,
general problem solving, characteristics of problem, exhaustive searches, heuristic
search techniques, iterative deepening a*, constraint satisfaction

UNIT-II
Problem reduction and game playing: Introduction, problem reduction,
game playing, alpha-beta pruning, two-player perfect information games
Logic concepts: Introduction, propositional calculus, proportional logic,
natural deduction system, axiomatic system, semantic tableau system in
proportional logic, resolution refutation in proportional logic, predicate logic

UNIT-III
 Knowledge representation: Introduction, approaches to knowledge
representation, knowledge representation using semantic network, extended
semantic networks for KR, knowledge representation using frames
Advanced knowledge representation techniques: Introduction, conceptual
dependency theory, script structure, CYC theory, case grammars, semantic web

UNIT-IV
Expert system and applications: Introduction, phases in building expert
systems, expert system versus traditional systems, rule-based expert systems,
blackboard systems truth maintenance systems, application of expert systems, list of
shells and tools
Uncertainty measure: probability theory: Introduction, probability theory,
Bayesian belief networks, certainty factor theory, Dempster-Shafer theory

UNIT-V
Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic: Introduction, fuzzy sets, fuzzy set operations,
types of membership functions, multi valued logic, fuzzy logic, linguistic variables
and hedges, fuzzy propositions, inference rules for fuzzy propositions, fuzzy
systems.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Artificial Intelligence- Saroj Kaushik, CENGAGE Learning,
2. Artificial intelligence, A modern Approach , 2nded, Stuart Russel, Peter Norvig,
PEA

REFERNCE BOOKS:
1. Artificial intelligence, structures and Strategies for Complex problem solving, -
George F Lugar, 5thed, PEA
2. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Ertel, Wolf Gang, Springer
3. Artificial Intelligence, A new Synthesis, Nils J Nilsson, Elsevier

Micro Syllabus of Artificial Intelligence

UNIT-I
Introduction to artificial intelligence: Introduction, history, intelligent
systems, foundations of AI, applications, tic-tac-toe game playing, development
of AI languages, current trends in AI
Problem solving: state-space search and control strategies:
Introduction, general problem solving, characteristics of problem, exhaustive
searches, heuristic search techniques, iterative deepening a*, constraint
satisfaction
.
 Unit Module Micro Content
Introduction
history
Intelligent systems
Introduction to Foundations of AI
artificial
intelligence Applications
Tic-tac-toe game playing
UNIT I Development of AI languages
Current trends in AI
Introduction

Problem solving: General problem solving

state-space search
Characteristics of problem
and control
strategies Exhaustive searches
Heuristic search techniques
Iterative deepening a*
Constraint satisfaction
UNIT – II
Problem reduction and game playing: Introduction, problem reduction,
game playing, alpha-beta pruning, two-player perfect information games.
Logic concepts: Introduction, propositional calculus, proportional logic,
natural deduction system, axiomatic system, semantic tableau system in
proportional logic, resolution refutation in proportional logic, predicate logic.
Unit Module Micro Content
Introduction
Problem reduction
Problem
reduction and Game playing
game playing
Alpha-beta pruning
Two-player perfect information games
UNIT II
Introduction
Propositional calculus
Logic concepts Proportional logic
Natural deduction system
Axiomatic system
 Semantic tableau system in proportional
logic
Resolution refutation in proportional logic
Predicate logic
UNIT– III
Knowledge representation: Introduction, approaches to knowledge
representation, knowledge representation using semantic network, extended
semantic networks for KR, knowledge representation using frames
Advanced knowledge representation techniques: Introduction,
conceptual dependency theory, script structure, cyc theory, case grammars,
semantic web
Unit Module Micro Content
Introduction
Approaches to knowledge representation
Knowledge Knowledge representation using semantic
representation network
Extended semantic networks for KR
Knowledge representation using frames
Introduction
Advanced
knowledge Conceptual dependency theory
UNIT III representation
Script structure
. techniques
CYC theory
Case grammars
Semantic web
UNIT – IV
Expert system and applications: Introduction, phases in building expert
systems, expert system versus traditional systems, rule-based expert systems,
blackboard systems truth maintenance systems, application of expert systems,
list of shells and tools
Uncertainty measure: probability theory: Introduction, probability
theory, Bayesian belief networks, certainty factor theory, Dempster-Shafer
theory
Unit Module Micro Content
Introduction
Expert system
UNIT IV Phases in building expert systems
and applications
expert system versus traditional systems
 Rule-based expert systems
Blackboard systems truth maintenance
systems
Application of expert systems
List of shells and tools
Introduction
Probability theory
Uncertainty
Bayesian belief networks
measure
Certainty factor theory
Dempster-Shafer theory
UNIT V
Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic: Introduction, fuzzy sets, fuzzy set
operations, types of membership functions, multi valued logic, fuzzy logic,
linguistic variables and hedges, fuzzy propositions, inference rules for fuzzy
propositions, fuzzy systems.
Unit Module Micro Content
Introduction

Fuzzy sets
Fuzzy set operations
Fuzzy sets and
UNIT V Types of membership functions
fuzzy logic
Multi valued logic
Fuzzy logic
Linguistic variables and hedges
Fuzzy propositions
Inference rules for fuzzy propositions
Fuzzy systems

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