Real Analysis

CSE Previous year Questions from 1992 To 2022

Syllabus
Real number system as an ordered field with least upper bound property; sequences, limit of a sequence,
Cauchy sequence & Cauchy principle of convergence, completeness of real line; series and its
convergence, absolute and conditional convergence of series of real and complex terms, rearrangement
of series. Continuity and uniform continuity of functions, properties of continuous functions on compact
sets. Riemann integral, improper integrals; fundamental theorems of integral calculus. Uniform
convergence, continuity, differentiability and integrability for sequences and series of functions; partial
derivatives of functions of several (two or three) variables, maxima and minima

Note: Last time Syllabus was revised in 2008

2022
∞ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
1. Test the convergence of ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙. (10 marks)
𝟏+𝒙𝟐

2. Let 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 on [𝟎, 𝒌], 𝒌 > 𝟎. Show that 𝒇 is Riemann integrable on the closed interval [𝟎, 𝒌] and
𝒌 𝒌𝟑
∫𝟎 𝒇 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟑
. (15 marks)

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐
3. Find the maximum and minimum values of 𝒂𝟒 + 𝒃𝟒 + 𝒄𝟒 , when 𝒍𝒙 + 𝒎𝒚 + 𝒏𝒛 = 𝟎 and

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐
+ 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟏. Interpret the result geometrically. (20 marks)
𝒂𝟐

𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝒙𝟑 𝟒𝟒 𝒙𝟒 𝟓𝟓 𝒙𝟓
4. Test for convergence or divergence of the series 𝒙 + + + + + ⋯ (𝒙 > 𝟎).
𝟐! 𝟑! 𝟒! 𝟓!

(15 marks)

1
 2021
𝒙𝟒 𝒙𝟒 𝒙𝟒
5. Test the uniform convergence of the series 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟏+𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐 + 𝟑 + ⋯ on [𝟎, 𝟏]. (10 marks)
(𝟏+𝒙𝟒 ) (𝟏+𝒙𝟒 )

6. If a function 𝒇 is monotonic in the interval [𝒂, 𝒃], then prove that 𝒇 is Riemann integrable in [𝒂, 𝒃].
(10 marks)
7. Find the maximum and minimum values of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟔𝒙 − 𝟐𝟒 for 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏. (15 marks)
8. Find the stationary values of 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 subject to the conditions 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒚𝟐 + 𝒄𝒛𝟐 = 𝟏 and
𝒍𝒙 + 𝒎𝒚 + 𝒏𝒛 = 𝟎. Interpret the result geometrically. (20 marks)

2020
9. Prove that the sequence (𝒂𝒏 ) satisfying the condition |𝒂𝒏+𝟏 − 𝒂𝒏 | ≤ 𝜶|𝒂𝒏 − 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 |, 𝟎 < 𝜶 < 𝟏 for all
natural numbers 𝒏 ≥ 𝟐, is a Cauchy sequence. (10 marks)
10. Prove that the function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙𝟐 is not uniformly continuous on the interval [𝟎, ∞].(15 marks)
𝒙𝟑 +𝒚𝟑 𝝏𝟐 𝒖 𝝏𝟐 𝒖 𝝏𝟐 𝒖
11. If 𝒖 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 , 𝒙 ≠ 𝒚 then show that 𝒙𝟐 𝝏𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 𝝏𝒙𝝏𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 𝝏𝒚𝟐 = (𝟏 − 𝟒𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒖)𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒖.
𝒙−𝒚

(20 marks)
𝝅⁄𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝟏
12. Show that ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 (𝟏 + √𝟐). (15 marks)
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙+𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 √𝟐

2019
𝒙𝟐 −𝒚𝟐
, (𝒙, 𝒚) ≠ (𝟏, −𝟏), (𝟏, 𝟏)
13. Show that the function 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = { 𝒙−𝒚
𝟎 , (𝒙, 𝒚) ≠ (𝟏, 𝟏), (𝟏, −𝟏)
is continuous and differentiable at (𝟏, −𝟏). (10 marks)
∞ 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒂𝒙)
14. Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙, 𝒂 > 𝟎, 𝒂 ≠ 𝟏. (10 marks)
𝒙(𝟏+𝒙𝟐 )

𝒏𝒙
15. Discuss the uniform convergence of 𝒇𝒏 (𝒙) = 𝟏+𝒏𝟐 𝒙𝟐 , ∀𝒙 ∈ 𝑹(−∞, ∞), 𝒏 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑 … (15 marks)

16. Find the maximum value of 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐 subjected to the subsidiary condition
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 = 𝒄𝟐 , (𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛 > 𝟎). (15 marks)
𝟐 √𝒙
17. Discuss the convergence of ∫𝟏 𝒅𝒙. (15 marks)
𝒍𝒏 𝒙

2018

2
 𝝅
𝝅𝟐 𝒙 𝟐𝝅𝟐
18. Prove the inequality: < ∫𝝅𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 < . (10 marks)
𝟗 𝟗
𝟔

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
19. Find the range of (𝒑 > 𝟎) for which the series: (𝟏+𝒂)𝒑 − (𝟐+𝒂)𝒑 + (𝟑+𝒂)𝒑 − ⋯ , 𝒂 > 𝟎, is

(i) absolutely convergent and (ii) conditionally convergent. (10 marks)

20. Show that if a function 𝒇 defined on an open interval (𝒂, 𝒃) of 𝑹 is convex, then 𝒇 is continuous.
Show by example, if the condition of open interval is dropped, then the convex function need not be
continuous. (15 marks)
21. Suppose 𝑹 be the set of all real numbers and 𝒇: 𝑹 → 𝑹 is a function such that the following
equations hold for all 𝒙, 𝒚 ∈ 𝑹:
(i) 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒚) = 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒇(𝒚)
(ii) 𝒇(𝒙𝒚) = 𝒇(𝒙)𝒇(𝒚)
Show that ∀𝒙 ∈ 𝑹 either 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟎, 𝒐𝒓, 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙. (20 marks)

2017
22. Let 𝒙𝟏 = 𝟐 and 𝒙𝒏+𝟏 = √𝒙𝒏 + 𝟐𝟎, 𝒏 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑 … show that the sequence 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 ….is convergent.

(10 marks)

𝒙 𝝅
23. Find the supremum and infimum of 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 on the interval (𝟎, 𝟐 ). (10 marks)

𝟏
24. Determine all entire functions 𝒇(𝒛) such that 𝟎 is a removable singularity of 𝒇 (𝒛 ). (10 marks)

𝟏
25. Let 𝒇(𝒕) = ∫𝟎 [𝒙]𝒅𝒙,

where [𝒙] denotes the largest integer less than or equal to 𝒙.

(i)Determine all the real numbers 𝒕 at which 𝒇 is differentiable.

(ii)Determine all the real number 𝒕 at which 𝒇 is continuous but not differentiable. (15 marks)

26. Let ∑∞
𝒏=𝟏 𝒙𝒏 be a conditionally convergent series of real numbers. Show that there is a

rearrangement ∑∞ ∞
𝒏=𝟏 𝒙𝝅(𝒏) of the series ∑𝒏=𝟏 𝒙𝒏 that converges to 100. (20 marks)

2016

3
 𝟏
27. For the function 𝒇: (𝟎, ∞) → 𝑹 given 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 , 𝟎 < 𝒙 < ∞ show that there is a differentiable

function 𝒈: 𝑹 → 𝑹 that extends 𝒇. (10 marks)

𝟏
28. Two sequences {𝒙𝒏 } and {𝒚𝒏 } are defined inductively by the following: 𝒙𝟏 = 𝟐 , 𝒚𝟏 = 𝟏,

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒙𝒏 = √𝒙𝒏−𝟏 𝒚𝒏−𝟏 , 𝒏 = 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, … 𝒚 = 𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝒚 ) , 𝒏 = 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, …and prove that
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏

𝒙𝒏−𝟏 < 𝒙𝒏 < 𝒚𝒏 < 𝒚𝒏−𝟏 , 𝒏 = 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒 …and deduce that both the sequences convergence to the same

𝟏
limit 𝒍 where 𝟐 < 𝒍 < 𝟏. (10 marks)

(−𝟏)𝒏+𝟏
29. Show that the series ∑∞
𝒏=𝟏 conditionally convergent if you use any theorem (𝒔) to show it
𝒏+𝟏

then you must give a proof of that theorem (s). (15 marks)

30. Find the relative maximum minimum values of the function 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟒 + 𝒚𝟒 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙𝒚 − 𝟐𝒚𝟐 .

(15 marks)

31. Let 𝒇: 𝑹 → 𝑹 be a continuous function such that 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) and 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) exist and are finite. Prove
𝒙→∞ 𝒙→∞

that 𝒇 is uniformly continuous on 𝑰𝑹. (15 marks)

2015
𝒏
32. Test the convergence and absolute convergence of the series ∑∞
𝒏=𝟏(−𝟏)
𝒏+𝟏
(𝒏𝟐 +𝟏). (10 marks)

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
, <𝒙≤ 𝟏
33. Is the function 𝒇(𝒙) = {𝒏 𝒏+𝟏 𝒏 Riemann integrable? If yes, obtain the value of ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙.
𝟎, 𝒙=𝟎

(15 marks)
𝒏𝒙
34. Test the series of functions ∑∞
𝒏=𝟏 for uniform convergence. (15 marks)
𝟏+𝒏𝟐 𝒙𝟐

35. Find the absolute maximum and minimum values of the function 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚 over the

region 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 ≤ 𝟏. (15 marks)

2014

4
 ∞ 𝒅𝒙
36. Test the convergence of the improper integral ∫𝟏 . (10 marks)
𝒙𝟐 (𝟏+𝒆−𝒙 )

𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟐𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒙𝝐[𝟎, 𝟏]
37. Integrate ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙, where 𝒇(𝒙) = { . (15 marks)
𝟎 𝒙=𝟎
𝒙𝒚(𝟑𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝒚𝟐 )
𝝏𝟐 𝒇(𝟎,𝟎) 𝝏𝟐 𝒇(𝟎,𝟎) , (𝒙, 𝒚) ≠ (𝟎, 𝟎)
38. Obtain and for the function 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = { 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 Also, discuss the
𝝏𝒙𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙𝝏𝒚
𝟎, (𝒙, 𝒚) ≠ (𝟎, 𝟎)

𝝏𝟐 𝒇 𝝏𝟐 𝒇
continuity 𝝏𝒙𝝏𝒚 and 𝝏𝒙𝝏𝒚 of at (𝟎, 𝟎). (15 marks)

39. Find the minimum value of 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 subject to the 𝒙𝒚𝒛 = 𝒂𝟑 by the method of Lagrange

multiplies. (15 marks)

2013
𝒙𝟐
+𝟒 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎
𝟐
40. Let 𝒇(𝒙) = { is 𝒇 Riemann integrable in the interval [−𝟏, 𝟐]? Why? Does there
−𝒙𝟐
+𝟐 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 < 𝟎
𝟐

exist a function 𝒈 such that 𝒈′ (𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙)? Justify your answer. (10 marks)

(−𝟏)𝒏−𝟏
41. Show that the series ∑∞
𝟏 , is uniformly convergent but not absolutely for all real values of 𝒙.
𝒏+𝒙𝟐

(13 marks)

42. Show that every open subset of 𝑹 is countable union of disjoint open intervals. (14 marks)

43. Let [𝒙] denote the integer part of the real number 𝒙, i.e., if 𝒏 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝒏 + 𝟏 where 𝒏 is an integer,

then [𝒙] = 𝒏. Is the function 𝒇(𝒙) = [𝒙]𝟐 + 𝟑 Riemann integrable in the function in [−𝟏, 𝟐]? If not,

𝟐
explain why. If it is integrable, compute ∫−𝟏([𝒙]𝟐 + 𝟑)𝒅𝒙. (10 marks)

2012

5
 𝟏
𝟎, 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 < 𝒏+𝟏
𝝅 𝟏 𝟏
44. Let, 𝒇𝒏 (𝒙) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 , 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 <
𝒏+𝟏
≤ 𝒙 ≤ , show that 𝒇𝒏 (𝒙) converges to a continuous function
𝒏
𝟏
{ 𝟎, 𝒊𝒇 𝒙>𝒏

but not uniformly. (12 marks)

𝝅 𝒏
45. Show that the series ∑∞ 𝟔
𝒏=𝟏 (𝝅+𝟏) 𝒏 is convergent. (12 marks)

(𝒙+𝒚)𝟐
, 𝒊𝒇 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) ≠ (𝟎, 𝟎) 𝝏𝒇 𝝏𝒇
46. Let 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = { 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 show that 𝝏𝒙 and 𝝏𝒚 exist at (𝟎, 𝟎) though 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) is not
𝟏, 𝒊𝒇 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = (𝟎, 𝟎)

continuous at (𝟎, 𝟎). (15 marks)

47. Find the minimum distance of the line given by the planes 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟓𝒛 = 𝟕 and 𝒙 − 𝒛 = 𝟗 and

from the origin, by the method of Lagrange’s multipliers. (15 marks)

𝟏
48. Let 𝒇(𝒙) be differentiable on [𝟎, 𝟏], such that 𝒇(𝟏) = 𝒇(𝟎) = 𝟎 and ∫𝟎 𝒇𝟐 (𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝟏. Prove that

𝟏 𝟏
∫𝟎 𝒙 𝒇(𝒙)𝒇′ (𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = − 𝟐. (15 marks)

49. Give an example of a function 𝒇(𝒙), that is not Riemann integrable but |𝒇(𝒙)| is Riemann integrable.

Justify your answer. (20 marks)

2011
𝟏
50. Let 𝑺 = (𝟎, 𝟏) and f be defined by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 where 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏(𝒊𝒏 𝑹). Is 𝒇 uniformly continuous on 𝑺?

Justify your answer. (12 marks)

51. Let 𝒇𝒏 (𝒙) = 𝒏𝒙(𝟏 − 𝒙)𝒏 , 𝒙𝝐[𝟎, 𝟏]. Examine the uniform convergence of {𝒇𝒏 (𝒙)} on [𝟎, 𝟏]. (15 marks)

52. Find the shortest distance from the origin (𝟎, 𝟎) to the hyperbola 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙𝒚 + 𝟕𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓.

(15 marks)
𝒏𝒙
53. Show that the series for which the sum of first 𝒏 terms 𝒇𝒏 (𝒙) = 𝟏+𝒏𝟐 𝒙𝟐 , 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏 cannot be

differentiated term-by-term at 𝒙 = 𝟎. What happens at 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎? (15 marks)

𝟏 𝟏
54. Show that if 𝑺(𝒙) = ∑∞ ′ ∞
𝒏=𝟏 𝒏𝟑 +𝒏𝟒 𝒙𝟐 , then its derivative 𝑺 (𝒙) = −𝟐𝒙 ∑𝒏=𝟏 𝟐 for all 𝒙.
𝒏𝟐 (𝟏+𝒏𝒙𝟐 )

6
 (20 marks)

2010
𝒏𝝅
𝐬𝐢𝐧( )
𝟐
55. Discuss the convergence of the sequence {𝒙𝒏 } where 𝒙𝒏 = . (12 marks)
𝟖

56. Define {𝒙𝒏 } by 𝒙𝟏 = 𝟓 and 𝒙𝒏+𝟏 = √𝟒 + 𝒙𝒏 for 𝒏 > 𝟏 show that the sequence converges to

𝟏+√𝟏𝟕
( ) (12 marks)
𝟐

𝟏
𝒙𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
57. Define the function 𝒇(𝒙) = { . Find 𝒇′(𝒙). Is 𝒇′(𝒙) continuous at x=0? Justify your
𝟎 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟎

answer. (15 marks)

𝒙𝟐
58. Consider the series ∑∞
𝒏=𝟎 𝟐 . Find the values of 𝒙 for which it is convergent and also the sum
(𝟏+𝒙𝟐 )

function. Is the converse uniform? Justify your answer. (15 marks)

59. Let 𝒇𝒏 (𝒙) = 𝒙𝒏 on −𝟏 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏 for 𝒏 = 𝟏, 𝟐, … ..Find the limit function. Is the convergence uniform?

Justify your answer. (15 marks)

60. State Roll’s theorem. Use it to prove that between to roots of 𝒆𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = 𝟏 there will be a root

𝒆𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 = 𝟏. (12 marks)

|𝒙|
+𝟏 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 < 𝟏
𝟐
𝒙
61. Let 𝒇(𝒙) = +𝟏 𝒊𝒇 𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟐 What are the points of discontinuity of 𝒇, if any? What are the
𝟐
|𝒙|
{− 𝟐
+𝟏 𝒊𝒇 𝟐 ≤ 𝒙

points where 𝒇 is not differentiable, if any? Justify yours answer. (12 marks)

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏.𝟒 𝟐 𝟏.𝟒.𝟕…..(𝟑𝒏−𝟐) 𝟐
62. Show that the series (𝟑) + (𝟑.𝟔) + ⋯ + ( ) + ⋯converges. (15 marks)
𝟑.𝟔.𝟗……𝟑𝒏

63. Show that if 𝒇: [𝒂, 𝒃] → 𝑹 is a continuous function then 𝒇([𝒂, 𝒃]) = [𝒄, 𝒅] form some real numbers

𝒄 and 𝒅, 𝒄 ≤ 𝒅. (15 marks)

𝒏𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒏𝟐
64. Show that: 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ∑∞ ∞
𝒏=𝟏 𝒏𝟒 +𝒙𝟒 = ∑𝒏=𝟏 𝒏𝟒 +𝟏 Justify all steps of your answer by quoting the theorems you
𝒙→𝟏

7
 are using. (15 marks)

65. Show that a bounded infinite subset R must have a limit point. (15 marks)

2008
𝒙
66. (i)For 𝒙 > 𝟎, show 𝟏+𝒙 < 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟏 + 𝒙) < 𝒙 .

𝟏 𝟑 𝟏
(ii)Let 𝑻 = {𝒏 , 𝒏𝝐𝑵} ∪ {𝟏 + 𝟐𝒏 , 𝒏𝝐𝑵} ∪ {𝟔 − 𝟑𝒏 , 𝒏𝝐𝑵}. Find derived set 𝑻 of 𝑻. Also find supremum

of 𝑻 and greatest number of 𝑻. (12 marks)

67. If 𝒇: 𝑹 → 𝑹 is continuous and 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒚) = 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒇(𝒚), for all 𝒙, 𝒚𝝐𝑹 then show that 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝒇(𝟏)

for all 𝒙𝝐𝑹. (12 marks)

𝒙 𝟏.𝟑 𝟏.𝟑.𝟓
68. Discuss the convergence of the series 𝟐 + 𝟐.𝟒 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐.𝟒.𝟔 𝒙𝟑 + ⋯ , 𝒙 > 𝟎. (15 marks)

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
69. Show that the series ∑ 𝒏(𝒏+𝟏) is equivalent to 𝟐 ∏∞
𝟐 (𝟏 + 𝒏𝟐 −𝟏). (15 marks)

70. Let 𝒇 be a continuous function on [𝟎, 𝟏]. Using first Mean value theorem on integration, prove that

𝟏 𝒏𝒇(𝒙) 𝝅
𝐥𝐢𝐦 ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒇(𝟎). (15 marks)
𝒏→∞ 𝟏+𝒏𝟐 𝒙𝟐

71. (i) Prove that the sets 𝑨 = [𝟎, 𝟏], 𝑩 = [𝟎, 𝟏] are equivalent sets. (6 marks)

𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 𝒙 𝝅
(ii) Prove that 𝒙
> 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 , 𝒙𝝐 (𝟎, 𝟐 ). (6 marks)

2007
𝒙𝒚
(𝒙, 𝒚) ≠ (𝟎, 𝟎)
72. Show that the function given by 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = { 𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒚𝟐 is not continuous at (𝟎, 𝟎) but its
𝟎 (𝒙, 𝒚) = (𝟎, 𝟎)

partial derivatives 𝒇𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇𝒚 exists at (𝟎, 𝟎). (12 marks)

73. Using Lagrange’s mean value theorem, show that |𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒃 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒂| ≤ |𝒃 − 𝒂|. (12 marks)

74. Given a positive real number 𝜶 and any natural number n, prove that there exists one and only

positive real number ξ such that 𝝃𝟐 = 𝒂. (20 marks)

75. Find the volume of the solid in the first octant bounded by the paraboloid 𝒛 = 𝟑𝟔 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝒚𝟐 .

8
 (20 marks)

𝟏
76. Rearrange the series ∑(−𝟏)𝒏+𝟏 𝒏 converge to 1. (20 marks)

2006
𝟏 𝒅𝒙
77. Examine the convergence of ∫𝟎 . (12 marks)
𝒙𝟏⁄𝟐 (𝟏−𝒙)𝟏⁄𝟐

𝟏 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍
78. Prove that the function 𝒇 defined by 𝒇(𝒙) = { is nowhere continuous.
−𝟏 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍

(12 marks)

79. A twice differentiable function f is such that 𝒇(𝒂) = 𝒇(𝒃) = 𝟎 and 𝒇(𝒄) > 𝟎 for 𝒂 < 𝒄 < 𝒃. Prove that

there is at least one value 𝝃, 𝒂 < 𝝃 < 𝒃 for which 𝒇′′(𝝃) < 𝟎. (20 marks)

𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒚𝟐
(𝒙, 𝒚) ≠ (𝟎, 𝟎)
80. Show that the function given by 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = { 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐
𝟎 (𝒙, 𝒚) = (𝟎, 𝟎)

(i) is continuous at (𝟎, 𝟎)

(ii) possesses partial derivative 𝒇𝒙 (𝟎, 𝟎) and 𝒇𝒚 (𝟎, 𝟎). (20 marks)

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐
81. Find the volume of the ellipsoid 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟏. (20 marks)

2005
𝒙 𝒚 𝒛 𝝏(𝒙,𝒚,𝒛)
82. If 𝒖, 𝒗, 𝒘 are the roots of the equation in λ and + + = 𝟏, evaluate . (12 marks)
𝒂+𝝀 𝒃+𝝀 𝒄+𝝀 𝝏(𝒖,𝒗,𝒘)

83. Evaluate ∭ 𝐥𝐧(𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛)𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚𝒅𝒛 the integral being extended over all positive values of 𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛 such

that 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 ≤ 𝟏. (12 marks)

84. If 𝒇′ and 𝒈′ exist for every 𝒙𝝐[𝒂, 𝒃] and if 𝒈′(𝒙) does not vanish anywhere (𝒂, 𝒃), show that there

𝒇(𝒄)−𝒇(𝒂) 𝒇′(𝒄)
exists 𝒄 in (𝒂, 𝒃) such that 𝒈(𝒃)−𝒈(𝒄) = 𝒈′(𝒄) . (30 marks)

∞
85. Show that ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒕 𝒕𝒏−𝟏 𝒅𝒕 is an improper integral which converges for 𝒏 > 𝟎. (30 marks)

2004
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
86. Show that the function 𝒇(𝒙) defined as: 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒏 , 𝟐𝒏+𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐𝒏 , 𝒏 = 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐 …. and 𝒇(𝟎) = 𝟎 is

9
 integrable in [𝟎, 𝟏], although it has an infinite number of points of discontinuity. Show that

𝟏 𝟐
∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝟑 . (12 marks)

𝒙 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍
87. Show that the function 𝒇(𝒙) defined on by: 𝒇(𝒙) = { is
−𝒙 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍

continuously only at 𝒙 = 𝟎. (12 marks)

88. If (𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) be the lengths of perpendiculars drawn from any interior point 𝑷 of triangle 𝑨𝑩𝑪 on the

sides 𝑩𝑪, 𝑪𝑨 and 𝑩𝑨 respectively, then find the minimum value of 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 , the sides of the

triangle 𝑨𝑩𝑪 being 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄. (20 marks)

89. Find the volume bounded by the paraboloid 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒂𝒛, the cylinder 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝒂𝒚 and the

plane 𝒛 = 𝟎. (20 marks)

90. Let 𝒇(𝒙) ≥ 𝒈(𝒙) for every 𝒙 in [𝒂, 𝒃] and f and g are both bounded and Riemann integrable on [𝒂, 𝒃].

At a point 𝒄𝝐[𝒂, 𝒃], let 𝒇 and 𝒈 be continuous and 𝒇(𝒄) > 𝒈(𝒄) then prove that

𝒃 𝒃 𝟏 𝒃 𝒙𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓𝒙 𝟏
∫𝒂 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 > ∫𝒂 𝒈(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 and hence show that − 𝟐 < ∫𝒂 𝟐+𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒙 < 𝟐 . (20 marks)

2003
91. Let 𝒂 be a positive real number and {𝒙𝒏 } sequence of rational numbers such that 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒂𝒙𝒏 = 𝟏.
𝒏→∞

(12 marks)

92. If a continuous function of 𝒙 satisfies the functional equation 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒚) = 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒇(𝒚) then show

that 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂𝒙 where a is 𝒂 constant. (12 marks)

𝒄𝟐
93. Show that the maximum value of 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐 subject to condition 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 = 𝒄𝟐 is 𝟐𝟕. (20 marks)

94. The axes of two equal cylinders intersect at right angle. If 𝒂 be their radius, then find the volume

common to the cylinder by the method of multiple integrals. (20 marks)

∞ 𝒅𝒙
95. Show that ∫𝟎 is divergent. (20 marks)
𝟏+𝒙𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙

2002

10
 ∞
96. Prove that the integral ∫𝟎 𝒙𝒎−𝟏 𝒆−𝒙 𝒅𝒙 is convergent if and only if 𝒎 > 𝟎. (12 marks)

(𝒂𝒏)𝒏
97. Find all the positive values of 𝒂 for which the series ∑∞
𝒏=𝟏 Converges. (12 marks)
𝒏!

𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒏𝒙
98. Test uniform convergence of the series ∑∞
𝒏=𝟏 , where 𝒑 > 𝟎. (20 marks)
𝒏𝒑

99. Obtain the maxima and minima of 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 − 𝒚𝒛 − 𝒛𝒙 − 𝒙𝒚 subject to condition

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟔𝒛 + 𝟗 = 𝟎 . (25 marks)

100. A solid hemisphere 𝑯 of radius ‘𝒂’ has density 𝝆 depending on the distances 𝑹 from the centre and

is given by 𝝆 = 𝒌(𝟐𝒂 − 𝑹) where 𝒌 is a constant. Find the mass of the hemisphere by the method of

multiple integrals. (15 marks)

2001
𝝅⁄𝟐 𝒙𝒏
101. Show that ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙 exist if and only if 𝒎 < 𝒏 + 𝟏. (12 marks)
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒎 𝒙

𝒂𝟏 +𝒂𝟐 +⋯𝒂𝒏
102. If 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒍, then prove that 𝐥𝐢𝐦 = 𝒍. (12 marks)
𝒏→∞ 𝒏→∞ 𝒏

𝟏 𝒑
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 = 𝒒
𝒒𝟐
103. A function 𝒇 is defined in the interval (𝒂, 𝒃) as follows 𝒇(𝒙) = { 𝟏 𝒑
where p, q
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 = √𝒒
𝒒𝟑

relatively prime integers. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟎 for all other values of 𝒙. 𝒊𝒔 𝒇 Riemann integrable? Justify your

answer. (20 marks)

104. Show that 𝑼 = 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒛 + 𝒛𝒙 has a maximum value when the three variables are connected by the

relation 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄𝒛 = 𝟏 and 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄 are positive constants satisfying the condition

𝟐(𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂) > (𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 ). (25 marks)

105. Evaluate ∭(𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒚𝟐 + 𝒄𝒛𝟐 )𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚𝒅𝒛 taken throughout the region 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 ≤ 𝑹𝟐 . (15 marks)

2000
106. Given that the terms of a sequence {𝒂𝒏 } are such that each 𝒂𝒌 , 𝒌 ≤ 𝟑, is the arithmetic mean of its

two immediately preceding terms. Show that the sequence converges. Also find the limit of the

11
 sequence. (12 marks)

𝟏
107. Determine the values of 𝒙 for which infinite product∏∞
𝒏=𝟎 (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐𝒏 )converges absolutely. Find its

value whenever it converges. (12 marks)

108. Suppose 𝒇 is twice differentiable real valued function in (𝟎, ∞) and 𝑴𝟎 , 𝑴𝟏 and 𝑴𝟐 the least upper

bounds of |𝒇(𝒙)|, |𝒇′(𝒙)|and |𝒇′′(𝒙)|respectively in (𝟎, ∞). Prove for each 𝒙 > 𝟎, 𝒉 > 𝟎 that

𝟏
𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒉 [𝒇(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒉) − 𝒇(𝒙)] − 𝒉𝒇′(𝒖) for some 𝒖𝝐(𝒙, 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒉). Hence show that 𝑴𝟏 𝟐 ≤ 𝟒𝑴𝟎 𝑴𝟐 .

(20 marks)

109. Evaluate ∬𝑺 (𝒙𝟑 𝒅𝒚𝒅𝒛 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝒅𝒛𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒛𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚) by transforming into triple integral where 𝑺 is the

closed surface formed by the cylinder 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 , 𝟎 ≤ 𝒛 ≤ 𝒃 and the circular disc 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ≤ 𝒂𝟐 ,

𝒛 = 𝟎 and 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ≤ 𝒂𝟐 , 𝒛 = 𝒃 . (20 marks)

1999
110. Let 𝑨 be a subset of the metric space (𝑴, 𝝆).If (𝑨, 𝝆) is compact, show that 𝑨 is closed subset of

(𝑴, 𝝆). (20 marks)

111. A sequence {𝑺𝒏 } is defined by the recursion formula 𝑺𝒏+𝟏 = √𝟑𝑺𝒏 ,𝑺𝟏 = 𝟏. Does this sequence

converge? If so, find lim 𝑺𝒏 . (20 marks)

𝟏 𝟏 𝒒
112. Test for convergence the integral ∫𝟎 𝒙𝒑 (𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 . (20 marks)

113. Find the shortest distance from the origin to the hyperbola 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙𝒚 + 𝟕𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓, 𝒛 = 𝟎.

(20 marks)

𝒙−𝒚
114. Show that the double integral ∬𝑹 (𝒙+𝒚)𝟑
𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚 does not exist over 𝑹 = [𝟎, 𝟏; 𝟎, 𝟏]. (20 marks)

̅ = 𝟒𝒙𝒆
115. Verify the Gauss divergence theorem for 𝑭 ̂𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚𝟐 𝒆
̂𝒚 + 𝒛𝟐 𝒆
̂𝒛 taken over the region bounded

by 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = −𝟒, 𝒛 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛 = 𝟑 where 𝒆

̂, ̂,
𝒙 𝒆 ̂𝒛 are unit vectors along 𝒙, 𝒚 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛-directions
𝒚 𝒆

12
 respectively. (20 marks)

1998
116. Let 𝑿 be a metric space and 𝑬 ⊂ 𝑿, Show that

(i) Interior of 𝑬 is the largest open set contained in 𝑬.

(ii) Boundary of 𝑬 = (𝒄𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑬) ∩ (𝒄𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑿 − 𝑬) (20 marks)

117. Let (𝑿, 𝒅) and (𝒀, 𝒆) be metric spaces with 𝑿 compact and 𝒇: 𝑿 → 𝒀 continuous. Show that 𝒇 is

uniformly continuous. (20 marks)

118. Show that the function 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝟐𝒙𝟒 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 has (𝟎, 𝟎) as the only critical point but the

function neither has a minima nor maxima at (𝟎, 𝟎). (20 marks)

∞ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
119. Test the convergence of the integral ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒂𝒙 𝒅𝒙, 𝒂 ≥ 𝟎. (20 marks)
𝒙

𝒙
120. Test the series ∑∞
𝒏=𝟏 𝟐 for uniform convergence. (20 marks)
(𝒏+𝒙𝟐 )

𝟏
121. Let 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 and 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 . Does ∫𝟎 𝒇𝒐𝒈 exist? If it exists then find its value. (20 marks)

1997
122. Show that a non-empty set 𝑷 in 𝑹𝒏 each of whose points is a limit-point is uncountable. (20 marks)

𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐
123. Show that ∭𝑫 𝒙𝒚𝒛𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚𝒅𝒛 = where domain 𝑫 is given by 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 ≤ 𝟏. (20 marks)
𝟔

𝝏𝟐 𝒖 𝝏𝟐 𝒖 𝝏𝟐 𝒖 𝟐
124. If 𝒖 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 [(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 )𝟏⁄𝟓 ], Prove that 𝒙𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒖 (𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝒖 − 𝟑).
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚𝟐 𝟐𝟓

(20 marks)

1996
125. Let 𝑭 be the set of all real valued bounded continuous functions defined on the closed interval

[𝟎, 𝟏]. Let 𝒅 be a mapping of 𝑭 × 𝑭 into 𝑹, the set of real numbers, defined by

𝟏
𝒅(𝒇, 𝒈) = ∫𝟎 |𝒇(𝒙) − 𝒈(𝒙)|𝒅𝒙 ∀𝒇, 𝒈𝝐𝑭. Verify that 𝒅 is a metric for 𝑭. (20 marks)

126. Prove that a compact set in a metric space is a closed set. (20 marks)

13
127. Let 𝑪[𝒂, 𝒃] denote the set of all functions 𝒇 on [𝒂, 𝒃] which have continuous derivatives at all points

of 𝑰 = [𝒂, 𝒃]. For 𝒇, 𝒈𝝐𝑪[𝒂, 𝒃] define 𝒅(𝒇, 𝒈) = |𝒇(𝒂) − 𝒈(𝒃)| + 𝒔𝒖𝒑{|𝒇′ (𝒙) − 𝒈′(𝒙)|, 𝒙𝝐𝑰}.Show that

the space (𝑪[𝒂, 𝒃], 𝒅) is a complete. (20 marks)

128. A function 𝒇 is defined in the interval (𝒂, 𝒃) as follows:

𝒒−𝟐 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 = 𝒑𝒒−𝟏

𝒇(𝒙) = { −𝟑
𝒒 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 = (𝒑𝒒−𝟏 )𝟏⁄𝟐

Where 𝒑, 𝒒 are relatively prime integers; 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟎, for all other values of 𝒙. Is 𝒇 Riemann

integrable? Justify your answer. (20 marks)

𝟐𝒏 𝒙𝟐𝒏−𝟏
129. Test for uniform convergence, the series ∑∞
𝒏=𝟏 . (20 marks)
𝟏+𝒙𝟐𝒏

𝝅⁄𝟐 𝝅⁄𝟐
130. Evaluate ∫𝟎 ∫𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒚)𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚 . (20 marks)

1995
131. Let 𝑲 and 𝑭 be nonempty disjoint closed subjects of 𝑹𝟐 . If 𝑲 is bounded, show that there exists

𝜹 > 𝟎 such that 𝒅(𝒙, 𝒚) ≥ 𝜹 for 𝒙𝝐𝑲 and 𝒚𝝐𝑭 where 𝒅(𝒙, 𝒚) is the usual distance between

𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚. (20 marks)

132. Let 𝒇 be a continuous real function on 𝑹 such that 𝒇 maps open interval into open intervals. Prove

that 𝒇 is monotonic. (20 marks)

133. Let 𝑪𝒏 ≥ 𝟎 for all positive integers 𝒏 such that is convergent. Suppose {𝑺𝒏 } is sequence of distinct

points in (𝒂, 𝒃)for 𝒙𝝐[𝒂, 𝒃], define 𝒂(𝒙) = ∑ 𝑪𝒏 {𝒏: 𝒙 > 𝑺𝒏 }. Prove that 𝜶 is an increasing function.

𝒃
If 𝒇 a continuous real function on [𝒂, 𝒃]. Show that ∫𝒂 𝒇𝒅 𝜶 = ∑ 𝒄𝒏𝒇(𝑺𝒏 ). (20 marks)
134. Suppose 𝒇 maps an open ball 𝑼 ⊂ 𝑹𝒏 into 𝑹𝒎 and 𝒇 is differentiable on 𝑼. Suppose there exists a

real number 𝑴 > 𝟎 such that ‖𝒇(𝒙)‖ ≤ 𝑴 ∀𝒙𝝐𝑼. Prove that |𝒇(𝒃) − 𝒇(𝒂)| ≤ 𝑴|𝒃 − 𝒂|∀𝒂, 𝒃𝝐𝑼.

(20 marks)

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135. Find the classify the extreme values of the function 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒙𝒚. (20 marks)

136. Suppose 𝜶 is real number not equals to 𝒏𝝅 for any integer 𝒏. Prove that
∞ ∞ 𝟐 +𝟐𝒙𝒚 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶+𝒚𝟐 ) 𝜶
∫𝟎 ∫𝟎 𝒆−(𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚 = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶. (20 marks)

1994
137. Examine the (i) absolute convergence (ii) uniform convergence of the series

(𝟏 − 𝒙) + 𝒙(𝟏 − 𝒙) + 𝒙𝟐 (𝟏 − 𝒙) + ⋯ 𝒊𝒏 [−𝒄, 𝟏], 𝟎 < 𝒄 < 𝟏. (20 marks)

𝟏
138. Prove that 𝑺(𝒙) = ∑ 𝒏𝒑 +𝒏𝒒 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒑 > 𝟏 is uniformly convergent for all values of 𝒙 and can be

differentiable term by term if 𝒒 < 𝟑𝒑 < 𝟐. (20 marks)

𝟏 𝟏
139. Let the function 𝒇 be defined on [𝟎, 𝟏] by the condition 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒓𝒙 when 𝒓+𝟏 < 𝒙 < 𝒓 , 𝒓 > 𝟎. Show

𝟏 𝝅𝟐
that 𝒇 is Riemann integrable in [𝟎, 𝟏] and ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = . (20 marks)
𝟔

140. By means of substitution 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝒖, 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝒖𝒗, 𝒛 = 𝒖𝒗𝒘 evaluate

∭(𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛)𝒏 𝒙𝒚𝒛 𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚𝒙𝒅𝒛 taken the volume bounded by 𝒙 = 𝟎, 𝒚 = 𝟎, 𝒛 = 𝟎, 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟏.

(20 marks)

1993
141. Examine for Riemann integrability over [𝟎, 𝟐] of the function defined on [𝟎, 𝟐] by

𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇𝒙

𝒇(𝒙) = { (20 marks)
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟑 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒙

∞ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
142. Prove that ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙 converges and conditionally converges. (20 marks)
𝒙

𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚𝒅𝒛
143. Evaluate ∭ 𝒙+𝒚+𝒛+𝟏 over the volume bounded by the coordinate planes and the plane 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟏

(20 marks)

1992
𝒃
144. If we metrize the space of functions continuous on [𝒂, 𝒃] by taking 𝒑(𝒙, 𝒚) = √∫𝒂 [𝒙(𝒕) − 𝒚(𝒕)]𝟐 𝒅𝒕

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 then show that the resulting metric space is NOT complete. (20 marks)

145. Examine 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒛 − 𝟒𝒛𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚𝒛 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟒𝒛 for extreme values. (20 marks)

𝟏+𝒏𝒙 𝟏+(𝒏+𝟏)𝒙 𝒅 𝒅
146. If 𝑼𝒏 = − (𝒏+𝟏)𝒆(𝒏+𝟏)𝒙 , 𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝟏 prove that 𝒅𝒙 ∑ 𝑼𝒏 = ∑ 𝒅𝒙 𝑼𝒏 . Is the series uniformly
𝒏𝒆𝒏𝒙

convergent in (𝟎, 𝟏)? Justify your claim. (20 marks)

147. Find the upper and lower Riemann integral for the function defined in the interval [𝟎, 𝟏] as follows

𝟐
{√𝟏 − 𝒙 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 and show that is NOT Riemann integrable in [𝟎, 𝟏]. (20 marks)
𝟏 − 𝒙 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍
∞ 𝒙𝜷
148. Discuss the convergence or divergence of ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙, 𝜶 > 𝜷 > 𝟎. (20 marks)
𝟏+𝒙𝜶𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙

𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 −𝒃𝟐 𝒙𝟐 −𝒂𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
149. Evaluate ∬ √𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 +𝒃𝟐 𝒙𝟐+𝒂𝟐𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚 over the positive quadrant of the ellipse 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟏. (20 marks)

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