Programming Principles in Python (CSCI 503/490)

Introduction

Dr. David Koop

D. Koop, CSCI 503/490, Spring 2023

 Python Experience?

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 Programming Principles?

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 Why Python?

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 Productivity

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 Libraries, Libraries, Libraries

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 What about speed?

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 Administrivia
• Course Web Site
• TA: Gagana Aladhalli Ramegowda (Of ce: PM 356)
• Syllabus
- Plagiarism
- Accommodations
• Assignments
• Tests: 2 (Feb. 22, Apr. 5) and Final (May 10)
• Course is offered to both undergraduates (CS 490) and graduates (CS 503)
- Grad students have extra topics, exam questions, assignment tasks

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 Academic Honesty
• Do not cheat!
• You will receive a zero for any assignment/exam/etc. where cheating has
occurred
• You will fail the course if you cheat more than once
• Misconduct is reported through the university's system
• You may discuss problems and approaches with other students
• You may not copy or transcribe code from another source

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 Schedule
• Lectures are 11:00am-12:15pm MW in PM 110
- Better for learning if you are engaged
- Ask questions
- Please advise me of any issues, including those related to your health
• Any changes will be announced as soon as possible
• Slides will be posted to the course website

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 Of ce Hours & Email

• Gagana's of ce hours will be held in person in PM 354
- TuTh: 2:00-5:00pm
• Prof. Koop's of ce hours will be held in person in PM 461
- M: 2:00-3:15pm, W: 1:00-2:15pm, or by appointment
- You do not need an appointment to stop by during scheduled of ce hours,
- If you wish to meet virtually, please schedule an appointment
- If you need an appointment, please email me with details about what you
wish to discuss and times that would work for you
• Many questions can be answered via email. Please consider writing an
email before scheduling a meeting.

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 Course Material
• Textbook:
- Recommended: Python for Programmers
- Good overview + data science examples
• Many other resources are available:
- https://wiki.python.org/moin/
BeginnersGuide
- https://wiki.python.org/moin/
IntroductoryBooks
- http://www.pythontutor.com
- https://www.python-course.eu
- https://software-carpentry.org/lessons/
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 Course Material
• Software:
- Anaconda Python Distribution (https://
www.continuum.io/downloads): makes
installing python packages easier
- Jupyter Notebook: Web-based interface for
interactively writing & executing Python
code
- JupyterLab: An updated web-based
interface that includes the notebook and
other cool features
- JupyterHub: Access everything through a
server
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 Python
• Started in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum
• “Python has surpassed Java as the top language used to introduce U.S.
students to programming…” (ComputerWorld, 2014)
• Python is also a top language for data science
• High-level, interpreted language
• Supports multiple paradigms (OOP, procedural, functional)
• Help programmers write readable code, use less code to do more
• Lots of libraries for python
• Designed to be extensible, easy to wrap code from other languages like C/C++
• Open-source with a large, passionate community

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 Python the #2 Programming Language in 2022

1 JavaScript

2 Python

3 Java

4 Typescript

5 C#

6 C++

7 PHP

8 Shell

9 C

10 Ruby

2014 2016 2018 2020 2022

[GitHub]
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 Even Wider Gap in Google Tutorial Searches

PYPL PopularitY of Programming Language

C/C++
Java
JavaScript
Python
R

Log-Scale

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

[PopularitY of Programming Language]

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 Javascript and Python are almost tied as the most popular languages
for people learning to code. People learning to code are more likely
than Professional Developers to report using Python (58% vs 44%), C++

StackOver ow Language Usage

(35% vs 20%), and C (32% vs 17%).

All Respondents Professional Developers Learning to Code 71,547 responses

JavaScript 65.36%

HTML/CSS 55.08%

SQL 49.43%

Python 48.07%

TypeScript 34.83%

Java 33.27%

Bash/Shell 29.07%

C# 27.98%

C++ 22.55%

PHP 20.87%

C 19.27%

PowerShell 12.07%

Go 11.15%

Rust 9.32%
[Stack Over ow Developer Survey, 2022]
Kotlin 9.16%
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Dart 6.54%
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 Programming, scripting, and markup languages
Rust is on its seventh year as the most loved language with 87% of Rust also ties with Python as the most wanted technology with

StackOver ow Language Preferences

developers saying they want to continue using it. TypeScript running a close second.

Loved vs. Dreaded Want 71,467 responses

Rust 86.73% 13.27%

Elixir 75.46% 24.54%

Clojure 75.23% 24.77%

TypeScript 73.46% 26.54%

Julia 72.51% 27.49%

Python 67.34% 32.66%

Delphi 65.51% 34.49%

Go 64.58% 35.42%

SQL 64.25% 35.75%

C# 63.39% 36.61%

Kotlin 63.29% 36.71%

Swi! 62.88% 37.12%

Dart 62.16% 37.84%

HTML/CSS 62.09% 37.91%

Solidity 62.08% 37.92%

JavaScript 61.46% 38.54%

[Stack Over ow Developer Survey, 2022]
F# 60.96% 39.04%

D. Koop, CSCI 503/490, SpringBash/Shell

2023 57.89% 42.11%
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 Programming, scripting, and markup languages
Rust is on its seventh year as the most loved language with 87% of Rust also ties with Python as the most wanted technology with

StackOver ow Language Interest

developers saying they want to continue using it. TypeScript running a close second.

Loved vs. Dreaded Want 71,467 responses

% of developers who are not developing
with the language or technology but have
expressed interest in developing with it

Rust 17.6%

Python 17.59%

TypeScript 17.03%

Go 16.41%

JavaScript 12.98%

Kotlin 8.08%

C++ 7.67%

SQL 6.51%

C# 6.11%

Java 5.6%

Dart 4.83%

C 4.34%

Swi! 4.3%
[Stack Over ow Developer Survey, 2022]
HTML/CSS 4.09%
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 Modes of Computation
• Python is interpreted: you can run one line at a line without compiling
• Interpreter in the Shell
- Execute line by line
- Hard to structure loops
- Usually execute whole les (called scripts) and edit those les
• Notebook
- Richer results (e.g. images, tables)
- Can more easily edit past code
- Re-execute any cell, whenever

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 Python Differences
• Dynamic Typing
- A variable does not have a xed type
- Example: a = 1; a = "abc"
• Indentation
- Braces de ne blocks in Java, good style is to indent but not required
- Indentation is critical in Python
z = 20
if x > 0:
if y > 0:
z = 100
else:
z = 10
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 JupyterLab and Jupyter Notebooks

[JupyterLab Documentation]
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 Jupyter Notebooks
• Display rich representations and text
• Uses Web technology
• Cell-based
• Built-in editor
• GitHub displays notebooks

[Jupyter]
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 Jupyter Notebooks
• An interactive programming environment
• Runs in your web browser
• Displays results (even interactive maps) inline
• Originally designed for Python
• Supports other languages, too
• You decide how to divide code into
executable cells
• Shift+Enter (or the "play" button) to execute
a cell

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 Notebooks in JupyterLab
• Directory view on left
• Create new notebooks using "+" button, "New" from the File menu, or
Launcher window
- Notebook originally has name "Untitled"
- Click on "Untitled" to change the name (do this!)
• Save a notebook using the command under the File menu
• Shutting down the notebook — use Close and Shutdown Kernel
- Web browser is interface to display code and results
- Kernel actually runs the code: usually see messages in a console/terminal
window

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 Notebooks in JupyterLab
• Open a notebook by going back to the le browser and clicking on it like you
would in a desktop view
• Past results are displayed—does not mean they are loaded in memory
• Use "Run All" or "Run All Above" to re-execute past work
- If you shut down the kernel, all of the data and variables you de ned need
to be rede ned (so you need to re-run all)
- Watch Out—Order Matters: If you went back and re-executed cells in a
different order than they are shown, doing "Run All" may not produce the
same results!
• Edit mode (green) versus Command mode (blue == Be Careful)
• Learn keyboard shortcuts
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 Notebooks in JupyterLab
• Can write code or plain text (can be styled Markdown)
- Choose the type of cell using the dropdown menu
• Cells break up your code, but all data is global
- De ning a variable a in one cell means that variable is accessible in any
other cell
- This includes cells above the cell a was de ned in!
• Remember Shift+Enter to execute
• Enter just adds a new line
• Use ?<function_name> for help
• Use Tab for auto-complete or suggestions

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 JupyterLab
• More than just notebooks:
- Text editor
- Console
- Custom components (Many extensions)
• Arrange multiple documents and views
• JupyterLab Documentation

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 Using Python & JupyterLab Locally

• www.anaconda.com/download/
• Anaconda has JupyterLab
• Use Python 3.10
• Anaconda Navigator
- GUI application for managing Python
environment
- Can install packages
- Can start JupyterLab
• Can also use the shell to do this:
- $ jupyter lab
- $ conda install <pkg_name>

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 Using Python & JupyterLab on Course Server

• Stay tuned…

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 Chicago Food Inspections
• Data: Information about food facility inspections in Chicago
• Data Source: https://data.cityofchicago.org/Health-Human-Services/Food-
Inspections/4ijn-s7e5/data
• Fields: Name, Facility Type, Risk, Violations, Location, etc.

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 Chicago Food Inspections Exploration

• Based on David Beazley's PyData Chicago talk
• YouTube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6VSAsKAj98
• Our in-class exploration:
- Don't focus on the syntax
- Focus on how interactive Python makes this exploration work well

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