A Detailed Lesson Plan Statistics and Probability

I. Learning Objectives
A. Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of the key concepts of random variables and probability
distribution.
B. Performance Standards
The learner is able to apply an appropriate random variable for a given real-life problem (such as in
decision making and game of chance.
C. Learning Competencies
1. Illustrate a probability distribution for a discrete random variables and its properties
2. Compute probabilities corresponding to a given random variable.
3. Construct the probability histogram.

II. Content
Lesson: Probability Distribution and Its Histogram

III. Learning Resources

A. References
Textbook: Statistics and Probability pp. 9 - 20
Additional Materials: Quarter 3- Module 1 Statistics and Probability (Random Variables
and Probability Distributions)
B. Other Learning Resources
a. Teacher made: Activity Sheets

IV. Procedures

TEACHERS ACTIVITY STUDENTS ACTIVITY

Daily Routine

1. Greetings Good morning sir.

Good morning class

2. Prayer
Let us pray.
Lord, we offer to you our class today.
We pray that through your Divine
Guidance, we would learn how to listen
attentively to the inputs of our teacher.
Grant that we recognize You in each of
our classmates and teachers. All these we
ask in your powerful name.

3. Classroom Management (Students are arranging seats, picking up

Before you sit down, kindly check your some trash, proceeding to their
area for pieces of paper and arrange designated seats)
your chairs properly. Make sure all of you
are in your proper and designated seats. Ok,
Take your seat.
Thank you, Sir!
4. Checking of Attendance

Class secretary, kindly report our attendance for

today. (The secretary of the class will respond
by telling the name of the absentee)
(If complete attendance) Very Good! Again, we
have again a perfect attendance.

A. Reviewing Previous Lesson or presenting the

new lesson

Last time we discussed the value of random

variables. In that lesson, it is essential to know the
number of possible outcomes. Let us have a short
review using s simple game.
 The teacher will facilitate the game. The
following questions will be presented. Possible answers:
1. In how many ways can two coins fall? 1. 4
2. If three coins are tossed, in how many 2. 8
ways can they fall? 3. 6
3. In how many ways can a die fall? 4. 36
4. In how many ways can two dice fall? 5. 12
5. How many ways are there in tossing
one coin and rolling a die?
6. Bonus- prize

B. Establishing a Purpose for the Lesson

Present pictures in the class. Let the learners Possible answers:

identify each picture. Poker
Bingo game
Say: These are pictures of games of chance, We Lottery
usually see these in casino and funfair “perya”. Roulette game
Integration: Values Education – Addiction to these Slot machine
games results to gambling that many persons and
family suffers. We should refrain from indulging
to these activities.
There is a very little chance or probability in
winning these games; and that probability is
related to our topic for today.

C. Presenting Examples/Instances of New

Lesson
 Since you already know how to determine the
values of discrete random variable. Constructing a
probability distribution is just a continuation of the
previous lesson.

Suppose two coins are tossed. Let H be the

random variable representing the number of heads
that occur. Find the probability of each of the
values and construct the histogram.

1.Construct the table for value of random

variable H. (You may ask a learner to do this.

Outcome Number of Heads Outcome Number of Heads

H H
HH 2 HH 2

HT 1 HT 1

TH 1 TH 1

TT 0 TT 0

2. Construct the frequency distribution of the

values of random variable H.

Number of Heads Frequency

(H)
0 1

1 2

2 1

Total 4

3. Construct the probability distribution of the

random variable H.
Number of Heads Frequency Probability
P(H)
0 1 1/4

1 2 2/4 or 1/2

2 1 1/4

Total 4 1

4. Construct the probability histogram.

 P(H)
1

3/4

1/2

1/4

0 1 2

D. Discussing New Concepts and Practicing

New Skills # 1

Present the given problem.

Two balls are drawn in succession without
replacement from an urn containing 5 orange balls
and 6 violet balls. Let V be the random variable
representing the number of violet balls. Construct
the probability distribution and histogram.

Will you please construct the table for value of

random variable V?
Outcome Value of V

OO 0

OV 1

VO 1

VV 2

Somebody please construct the frequency

distribution of the values of random variable V. Value of V Frequency

0 1

1 2

2 1

Total 4

Okay, Very good! Value of V Frequency P(V)

Next, please construct the probability distribution.
0 1 ¼

1 2 2/4

2 1 ¼

Total 4 1

Finally, may I ask someone to draw the histogram P(V)

1

3/4

1/2

1/4

0 1 2

E. Discussing new concepts

Practicing new skills#2
F. Developing Mastery

Let the learners answer the given problem

below. Guide the learners with their work. This
may serve as a seatwork or board work. ( can be
done by group)
 Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be the Outcomes Value of Random
random variable representing the number of tails Variable Y
that occur. Find the probability of each of the HHH 0
values of the random variable Y. Construct HHT 1
probability histogram. HTH 1
HTT 2
THH 1
THT 2
TTH 2
TTT 3

Number of Frequency P(T)

Tails
0 1 1/8
1 3 3/8
2 3 3/8
3 1 1/8
Total 8 1

P(T)
8/8
7/8
6/8
5/8
4/8
3/8
2/8
1/8
0 1 2 3
T

G. Finding Practical Applications of Concepts

and Skills in Daily Living

Ask the learners about the practical application

of probability in daily living.

Cite some real-life application of probability. Possible answers:

1. Forecasting the weather
2. Sports outcome
3. Games of chance
4. Insurance
5. Traffic signals
6. Medical diagnosis
7. Election result
8. Lottery probability
9. Shopping recommendation
10. Stock market predictions

H. Making Generalization and Abstraction

About the Lesson
Ask the students: Properties of Probability
Distribution

1.What do you notice about the probability values

of each random variable? 1. The probability of each random
variable is between 0 to 1.
2. What is the sum of the probabilities of random
variable? 2. The sum of probabilities is equal
to 1.
3. What do you notice with the shape of
probability histogram? 3. The shape is symmetrical.

I. Evaluating Learning
Outcomes Value of Random
Let the learners answer the given problem below. Variable Z
HHHH 4
Four coins are tossed. Let Z be the random HHHT 3
variable representing the number of heads that HHTH 3
occur. Construct the probability distribution and HHTT 2
draw the corresponding histogram. HTHH 3
HTHT 2
HTTH 2
HTTT 1
THHH 3
THHT 2
THTH 2
THTT 1
TTHH 2
TTHT 1
TTTH 1
TTTT 0

Number of Frequency P(Z)

Heads (Z)

0 1 1/16
1 4 4/16 or 1/4
2 6 6/16 or 3/8
3 4 4/16 or 1/4
4 1 1/16
Total 16 16/16 or 1

P(Z)
16/16
 15/16
14/16
13/16
12/16
11/16
10/16
9/16
8/16
7/16
6/16
5/16
4/16
3/16
2/16
1/16
0 1 2 3 4
Z

J. Additional Activities
Assignment: A family has three children. Let X
represent the number of boys. Construct a
probability distribution for the random variable X.
Draw the graph of the probability distribution.

Prepared by:

RANDY A. BELTRAN
Teacher III

Checked and Observed by:

MILAGROS L. VALDEZ
Head Teacher III, Science

Checked and Observed by:

EMMANUEL V. DIONISIO
Principal I