Name Date

5–8
Reteach 3AF1.5
Algebra: Associative Property

Chapter Resources
You can use the properties of multiplication to multiply 3 numbers.

Find 3 × 2 × 5.

The Commutative Property of The Associative Property of

Multiplication Multiplication

When multiplying, the order of the When multiplying, the grouping of the
factors does not change the product. factors does not change the product.
3 × 2 × 5 = 30 You can use the 3 × 2 × 5 = 30 You can use
2 × 5 × 3 = 30 Commutative 3 × (2 × 5) = 30 the Associative
5 × 2 × 3 = 30 Property to (3 × 2) × 5 = 30 Property to
switch the order group two
Copyright © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

of the numbers factors.

3, 2, and 5.

Find each product .

1. 5 × 3 × 2 = 2. 2 × 2 × 6 = 3. 7 × 4 × 1 =
4. 3 × 2 × 3 = 5. 5 × 4 × 2 = 6. 7 × 8 × 0 =
7. 2 × 7 × 2 = 8. 3 × 6 × 2 = 9. 8 × 7 × 1 =
10. 3 × 4 × 2 = 11. 6 × 3 × 3 = 12. 6 × 2 × 3 =
13. 8 × 9 × 0 = 14. 6 × 5 × 0 = 15. 9 × 1 × 5 =

Find each missing number.

16. 5 × 2 × = 80 17. × 2 × 6 = 24
18. 1 × 7 × 3 = 19. × 2 × 5 = 20

Grade 3 43 Chapter 5
 Name Date
5–8
Skills Practice 3AF1.5
Algebra: Associative Property

Find each product.

1. 2 × 2 × 6 = 2. 1 × 8 × 4 =

3. 9 × 3 × 2 = 4. 3 × 3 × 1 =

5. 5 × 2 × 4 = 6. 9 × 1 × 0 =

7. 6 × 3 × 1 = 8. 8 × 3 × 2 =

9. 4 × × 4 = 32 10. 5 × × 1 = 45

11. × 6 × 2 = 12 12. × 6 × 1 = 12

13. 3 × × 4 = 24 14. 6 × 9 × =0

15. 1 × × 3 = 15 16. 5 × × 3 = 60

Solve.

Copyright © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

17. Tony and his friends had a pizza party. They bought 2 pizzas,
each cut into 8 slices. Tony put 3 slices of banana pepper on
each piece. How many slices of banana peppers did he use?

18. Tony also bought 3 packs of soda in cans. Each pack held
6 cans. How many cans of soda did Tony buy?

19. Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
(1 × 3) × 2 = 1 × (3 × 2) (6 × 3) × 2 = 6 × (3 × 2)
2 × (6 × 1) = (2 × 6) × 1 5 × (3 × 1) = (5 × 5) × 2

Grade 3 44 Chapter 5
 Name Date
5–8
Homework Practice 3AF1.5
Algebra: Associative Property

Chapter Resources
Find each product.

1. 1 × 2 × 3 = 2. 5 × 2 × 4 =

3. 8 × 2 × 2 = 4. 3 × 5 × 1 =

5. 7 × 2 × 1 = 6. 8 × 8 × 0 =

7. 3 × 3 × 7 = 8. 4 × 3 × 2 =

ALGEBRA Find each missing number.

9. 2 × ×2=4 10. 3 × × 1 = 12

11. × 4 × 2 = 56 12. × 2 × 3 = 30

Solve. (Lesson 5–7)

Copyright © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

13. Angie collects pairs of earrings. She hangs them on an earring

tree. On the first row she hung 9 pairs, on the second row
she hung 7 pairs, and on the third row she hung 5 pairs.
If she continued this pattern, how many pairs would Angie
hang on the fourth row? How many pairs of earrings does
she have in all four rows?

14. Fred made a display with a deck of playing cards. In the first
row he used 6 cards. In the second row he used 12 cards. In
the third row he used 18. In the fourth row, 24. If the pattern
keeps up, how many cards will be in the sixth row?

Grade 3 45 Chapter 5
 Name Date
5–8
Problem-Solving Practice 3AF1.5
Algebra: Associative Property

Solve.

1. Mallory and her 4 friends are setting up a lemonade stand.

They each brought 2 bags of lemons. Each bag has 4 lemons.
How many lemons do the girls have altogether?

2. Mallory set up 2 tables with 3 containers of lemonade

on each. Each container has 8 ice cubes. Write a number
sentence to find the number of ice cubes she used.

3. Two of Mallory’s friends were each serving three customers at

each table. Write a number sentence to show the number of
customers the girls were serving.

Copyright © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

4. Every hour, 5 people stopped for lemonade and spent $2
each. After 4 hours, how much had the girls earned?

5. At the end of the day, Mallory’s 4 friends each had two

$5-bills. How much did Mallory’s friends earn altogether?

Grade 3 46 Chapter 5
 Name Date
5–8
Enrich 3AF1.5
Algebra: Associative Property

Chapter Resources
Help the leprechaun find his pot of gold. Start at the leprechaun.
Find his path by multiplying numbers as you go. When all the
numbers are in the correct path, the product is 45. Shade the
path the leprechaun should follow.

5 6
2
3

2
5
Copyright © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

4 5

45

Grade 3 47 Chapter 5
 Name Date
5–9
Reteach 3AF2.2
Algebra: Find a Rule

A rule tells you what to do. This works in math too.

To build a boxcar, Bob needs to put 4 wheels on the corners

of a wooden box. If he wanted to build 4 boxcars, how many
wheels would he need?

Step 1 Find a pattern.

You know that 1 boxcar = 4 wheels.
So, 2 boxcars = 8 wheels.
The pattern or rule is to multiply by 4.

Step 2 Extend the pattern.

3 boxcars = 3 × 4 or 12 wheels.
3 × 4 = 12
4 boxcars = 4 × 4 = 16 wheels
So, Bob needs 16 wheels.

Copyright © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Practice.
1. For every 2 wheels that Bob bought, the man in the store
gave him 2 free wheels. When Bob bought 16 wheels, how
many did he get free?

2. Write the rule for each table. Then, complete the table.

Rule: Rule: Rule:

Input Output Input Output Input Output

3 6 4 12 5 25

10 5 15 30

7 14 7 5
9 18 24 7 35

Grade 3 48 Chapter 5
 Name Date
5–9
Skills Practice 3AF2.2
Algebra: Find a Rule

Chapter Resources
Write the rule for each table. Then complete the table.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9.

Find a rule. Then extend the rule to solve.

10. On Monday, there were 5 flowers blooming in the garden.

On Tuesday, there were 10 flowers blooming. There were 15
by Wednesday. By Friday, how many flowers were blooming?

Grade 3 49 Chapter 5
 Name Date
5–9
Homework Practice 3AF2.2
Algebra: Find a Rule

Write the rule for each table. Then complete the table.
1. 2. 3.
Rule: Rule: Rule:
Input Output Input Output Input Output

3 15 4 24 3 24
20 30 32
6 30 7 5
9 45 48 7 56

4. 5.
Rule: Rule:
Input Output Input Output

2 4
21 54
5 35 9 81

Copyright © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

8 56 10

Solve. (Lesson 5–8)

6. 8 × 2 × 0 = 7. 3 × 4 × 1 =

8. 2 × 5 × 2 = 9. 2 × × 2 = 16

10. Sal wants to make oatmeal for himself and his brother. The
directions say to add 2 cups of boiling water to the oatmeal
for 1 serving. Both Sal and his brother want double servings.
How many cups of boiling water will Sal need to measure?

Grade 3 50 Chapter 5
 Name Date
5–9
Problem-Solving Practice 3AF2.2
Algebra: Find a Rule

Chapter Resources
Find a rule. Then extend the rule to solve.

1. There are 24 crayons in 3 boxes. There are 32 crayons in

4 boxes. How many crayons are in 5 boxes?

2. There are 10 strawberries in 2 boxes and 15 strawberries in

3 boxes. How many strawberries are in 4 boxes?

3. A farmer grows carrots. Each row has 5 carrots. How many

carrots are there in a garden with 7 rows? a garden with
8 rows? a garden with 9 rows?

4. After 6 weeks, Russ saved $60. By the end of the next week,
Copyright © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

he had $70. How much did he save by the third week?

5. The amusement park sold ride tickets in packs of 5, 10, 15,

20 tickets. What would a pack of 10 tickets cost if 20 tickets
cost $8?

6. A recipe calls for 2 onions for one batch. Two batches need
4 onions. How many onions are needed for four batches?

Grade 3 51 Chapter 5
 Name Date
5–9
Enrich 3AF2.2
What’s My Rule?

Find and extend the rule for each table. Then write a multiplication
sentence that tells what completes each table.

1. Rule: Multiply by
Input 0 1 2 3
Output 0 2 4 6

2. Rule Multiply by
Input 1 2 3 4
Output 8 16 24 32

3. Rule Multiply by
Input 1 2 3 4

Copyright © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Output 7 14 21 28

4. Rule Multiply by
Input 0 1 2 3
Output 0 3 6 9

5. Rule Multiply by
Input 4 5 6 7
Output 36 45 54 63

Grade 3 52 Chapter 5