Revision no.

: PPT/2K804/04
PPT/2K403/02

Computer Mouse
 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Invention of Mouse

• Douglas C. Engelbart invented several

interactive, user-friendly device such
as the computer mouse, windows,
computer video teleconferencing,
hypermedia, GroupWare, email, the
Internet and more.
• In 1964, the first prototype computer
mouse was made to use with a
Graphical User Interface (GUI),
'windows'.
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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Invention of Mouse (contd.)

• Engel Bart received a patent for the wooden shell with two

metal wheels (computer mouse) in 1970, describing it in the

patent application as an "X-Y position indicator for a display

system."

• Mice come in various shapes and sizes and from different

manufacturers but the most target manufacturers are Microsoft

and Logitech.

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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Invention of Mouse (contd.)

• The Mouse consists of different components as follows.

– A housing that you hold in your hand and move around on your

desktop.

– A roller ball that rotates as you move the mouse

– Several buttons to make selections.

– A cable for connecting mouse to the PC

– An interface connector to attach the mouse to the PC

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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Mouse Interface Types

• There are many ways that mice and trackballs are interfaced to

a computer which are as follows:

– Bus

– Serial

– PS/2

– USB

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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Mechanical Mouse Working

• A ball inside the mouse

touches the desktop and
rolls when the mouse
moves

• The underside of the

mouse's logic board.
• The exposed portion of
the ball touches the
desktop

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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Mechanical Mouse Working (contd.)

• Two rollers inside the mouse • The following image

touch the ball. shows the two white
• One of the rollers is oriented so rollers on this mouse
that it detects motion in the X
direction
• The other is oriented 90
degrees to the first roller so it
detects motion in the Y
direction.
• When the ball rolls, one or both
of these rollers roll as well.

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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Mechanical Mouse Working (contd.)

• The rollers each connect to

• The following image
a shaft, and the shaft spins shows the disk:
a disk with holes in it.

• When a roller rolls, its shaft

and disk spin.

• A typical optical encoding

disk.

• This disk has 36 holes

around its outer edge.

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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Mechanical Mouse Working (contd.)

• On either side of the disk there is an infrared LED and an

infrared sensor. The holes in the disk break the beam of

light coming from the LED

• The infrared sensor then sees pulses of light.

• The rate of the pulsing is directly related to the speed of the

mouse and the distance it travels.

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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Mechanical Mouse Working (contd.)

• A close-up of one of
the optical encoders
that track mouse
motion.

• There is an infrared LED (clear) on one side of the disk and

an infrared sensor (red) on the other

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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Mechanical Mouse Working (contd.)

• An on-board processor chip

reads the pulses from the

infrared sensors and turns them

into binary data that the

computer can understand.

• The chip sends the binary data to the computer through

the mouse's cord

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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Mechanical Mouse Working (contd.)

• The logic section of a mouse is dominated by an encoder

chip

• It’s a small processor that reads the pulses coming from

the infrared sensors and turns them into bytes sent to the
computer.

• Two buttons that detect clicks(on either side of the wire

connector).

• Almost all mice used on personal computers use this opto

mechanical arrangement.
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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Mechanical Mouse Working (contd.)

• The disk moves mechanically, and an optical system

counts pulses of light.
• Each encoder disk has 2 infrared LED's and 2 infrared
sensors, one on each side of the disk (so there are four
LED/sensor pairs inside a mouse).
• This arrangement allows the processor to detect the disk's
direction of rotation.
• There is a piece of plastic with a small, precisely located
hole that sits between the encoder disk and each infrared
sensor.

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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Mechanical Mouse Working (contd.)

• This piece of plastic

provides a window Plastic
through which the sheath
infrared sensor can
"see".
• The window on one side
of the disk is located
slightly higher than it is
on the other

• One half the height of one of the holes in the encoder disk,
to be exact.
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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Mechanical Mouse Working (contd.)

• That difference causes the two infrared sensors to see

pulses of light at slightly different times.

• There are times when one of the sensors will see a pulse of

light when the other does not, and vice versa.

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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Optical Mouse

• Early mice made by Mouse Systems and

a few other vendors used a sensor that
required a special grid-marked pad and
the need to use them with a pad caused
them to fall out of favor.
• Microsoft's IntelliMouse Explorer
pioneered the return of optical mice
using optical technology to detect
movement, and it has no moving parts
itself (except for the scroll wheel and
buttons on top).
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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Optical Mouse (contd.)

• Done by upgrading the optical sensor from the simple type

used in older optical mice to a more advanced CCD (charge
coupled device) which essentially is a crude version of a video
camera sensor that detects movement by seeing the surface
move under the mouse.

• Versatility and low maintenance make optical mice an

attractive choice and the variety of models available from both
vendors means you can have the latest optical technology for
about the price of a good ball-type mouse.

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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Trackball

• A trackball is comparable to a mechanical mouse in operation.

• In the trackball, instead of moving the mouse to roll the ball,

you actually roll the ball yourself with your hand.

• Ball’s motion is translated into motion in the X - direction and

the Y-direction, and any movement is transmitted to the PC for

processing which is used in Laptop.

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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Trackball (contd.)

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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Infrared Wireless Mouse

• Most mice are attached to the serial port via a cable, some

mice use infrared transmission to send the codes to a receiver

that is attached to your serial port.

• Infrared mice are cordless in that they do not have a cable that

attaches the mouse portion to the serial port.

• As the infrared light cannot pass through objects it requires an

infrared mouse to be in direct line of sight with the receiving

unit connected to the PC.

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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Infrared Wireless Mouse contd..

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 Revision no.: PPT/2K804/04

Design & Published by:

CMS Institute, Design & Development Centre, CMS House, Plot No. 91, Street No.7,
MIDC, Marol, Andheri (E), Mumbai –400093,
www.cmsinstitute.co.in

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