LIBERTY KNITWEAR LIMITED (UNIT-2)
ADDRESS: G-88/1, CHANDRA, PALLIBIDDUTH, KALIAKOIR, GAZIPUR.
RSC ID: 23053(EXTENTION)
EARTH RESISTANCE TEST REPORT OF
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM (LPS)
Inspection Date: 2022
Name of Engineer : Engr. M. Sahharier Habib Hasan
Qualification of Engineer : B.Sc. in EEE, MBA.
(MIEB-41582)
Details of Earth Tester:
Meter Name & Brand: Digital Earth Tester (KYORITSU-4105A)
Resistance Range: 0.1MΩ-2000MΩ
Voltage Range: 250V-1000V
INTRODUCTION
Nothing is quite so common or abundantly available throughout the world as the earth’s soil. We are more
apt to think of earth as something to be tilled for planting or to be excavated for a building foundation. Yet,
it also has an electrical property -- conductivity (or low resistance) -- that is put to practical use every day in
industrial plants and utilities. Broadly speaking, “earth resistance” is the resistance of soil to the passage of
electric current. Actually, the earth is a relatively poor conductor of electricity compared to normal
conductors like copper wire. But, if the area of a path for current is large enough, resistance can be quite low
and the earth can be a good conductor. It is the earth’s abundance and availability that make it an
indispensable component of a properly functioning electrical system. Earth resistance is measured in two
ways for two important fields of use:
1. Determining effectiveness of “ground” grids and connections that are used with electrical systems to
protect personnel and equipment.
2. Prospecting for good (low resistance) “ground” locations, or obtaining measured resistance values that
can give specific information about what lies some distance below the earth’s surface (such as depth to bed
rock).
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Why is earthling necessary?
Earthling means setting up an electrical bond between a given point in a network, installation or machine
and an earth electrode. This earth electrode is a conductive part which may be inserted in the ground or in a
conductive medium, in electrical contact with the Earth (see definition in NFC 15-100). Earthling thus
involves using a wire conductor to connect an earth electrode to the metal chassis earths which might
accidentally come into contact with the electric current due to an insulation fault on an electrical device. In
this way, there will be no danger for people because the fault current will have drained into the earth. If
there is no earthling, any person involved will be subjected to an electric current which may kill them,
depending on its level. Earthling therefore enables leakage currents to flow away safely and, if it is linked to
an automatic cut-off device, can ensure that the power supply to the electrical installation is switched off. So
correct earthling keeps people safe while also protecting installations and property if there are fault currents
or lightning strikes. It should always be linked to a cut-off system. Example: If the insulation on the load is
faulty, the fault current is drained to earth via the protective conductor (PE). Depending on its value, the
fault current may cause the installation to be cut off when the residual current device (RCD) is tripped.
Measurement principle
Four electrodes are set up in line in the ground, equally spaced at a distance "a" from one another. A
generator is used to inject a measurement current "I" between the two outer electrodes (E and H). The
potential ∆V is then measured with a voltmeter between the two central electrodes (S and ES).
The measurement instrument used is a traditional earth ohmmeter capable of injecting the current and
measuring the ∆V value. The resistance value R read on the ohmmeter can be used to calculate the
resistivity by applying the following simplified formula: ρ = 2 π a R Where ρ is the resistivity in Ω.m at the
point located under point 0, at a depth of h = 3a/4 a is the measurement base in m R is the value (in Ω) of
the resistance read on the earth ohmmeter
Note: The terms X, Xv, Y and Z correspond to the former naming conventions used for the E, Es, S and H
electrodes, respectively
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Soil Resistivity
Soil resistivity (ρ) is expressed in Ohm meters (Ω.m). This corresponds to the theoretical resistance in Ohms
of a cylinder of earth with a cross-section area of 1 m2 and a length of 1 m. By measuring it, you can find out
how well the soil conducts electric currents. So the lower the resistivity, the lower the earth electrode
resistance required at that location. Resistivity varies significantly according to the region and the type of soil
because it depends on the level of humidity and the temperature (frost or drought increase it). This is why
earth resistance may vary according to the season or the measurement conditions. As temperature and
humidity levels become more stable the further you go from the ground surface, the deeper the earthling
system, the less sensitive it is to environmental variations. It is advisable to bury your earth electrode as
deep as possible.
Earth resistance measurements on networks with multiple earthling systems in
parallel
Some electrical installations have multiple earthling systems in parallel, particularly in countries where the
earth is "distributed" to each user by the power supplier. In addition, on sites equipped with sensitive
electronic equipment, a grid of earth conductors connected to multiple earth electrodes is used to obtain a
totally equipotential floorplan. For this type of network, selective earth resistance measurements help to
optimize safety and speed up testing. All the earth resistance measurement methods reviewed so far can be
used for measurements on a single earth electrode. For this reason, if the earth electrode comprises several
parallel earths, it will be impossible to isolate and measure each earth separately, so only the equivalent
resistance with all the earths in parallel will be measured. The only other solution would involve
disconnecting each earthling system in order to isolate the earth to be measured, but that would be long
and tiresome. For this type of installation, which is frequently used in industry, selective earth resistance
measurements are carried out with one or more current clamps. There are 2 types of selective
measurements: with and without stakes.
All the selective earth resistance measurement methods:
• Save considerable time because it is not necessary to disconnect the earth resistance to be tested from the
rest of the earth network. By using a clamp, you can measure the current flowing through the earth
electrode tested, thus bypassing the influence of the parallel earth electrodes.
• Guarantee the safety of the people and property in contact with the electrical installation because the
earth is not connected.
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SAFETY AND PREQUATION
There is an inherent safety problem in earth resistance testing that requires care and planning by the user of
the test set. The possibility exists that a fault in the power system will cause a high current to flow into the
ground system while the test is in progress. This may cause unexpected high voltages to appear at the
current and voltage probes and also at the terminals of the test set. This risk must be evaluated by the
person responsible for the tests, taking into account the fault current available and expected step-and touch
potentials. IEEE Standard 80 entitled “IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding” fully covers this
subject. (Other standards may prevail elsewhere in the world.) We recommend that the operator wear
rubber protective gloves (ANSI/ ASTM D120 or equal) while handling connections and use a rubber safety
mat (ANSI/ASTM D178 or equal) while operating the test set.
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Lightning Protection System (LPS)Earth Resistance Result:
Earth Connected Measured
value in Reference Picture Result
Pit No to
Ohm (Ω)
01 WTP Building 1.05 Satisfied
02 1.66 Satisfied
WTP Building
03 WTP Building 1.04 Satisfied
04 WTP Building 1.99 Satisfied
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Earth Connected Measured
value in Reference Picture Result
Pit No to
Ohm (Ω)
01 1.97 Satisfied
New Admin
Building
02 New Admin 1.67 Satisfied
Building
New Admin
03 5.82 Satisfied
Building
04 New Admin 1.98 Satisfied
Building
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Earth Connected Measured
value in Reference Picture Result
Pit No to
Ohm (Ω)
05 7.72 Satisfied
New Admin
Building
06 New Admin 7.50 Satisfied
Building
01 Office Building 1.99 Satisfied
02 Office Building 1.09 Satisfied
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Earth Connected Measured value Reference Picture Result
Pit No to in Ohm (Ω)
03 Office 4.95 Satisfied
Building
01 West Tower 1.94 Satisfied
02 West Tower 0.77 Satisfied
03 West Tower 1.34 Satisfied
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Earth Measured
Connected to value in Ohm Reference Picture Result
Pit No
(Ω)
04 West Tower 2.68 Satisfied
05 West Tower 1.45 Satisfied
06 West Tower 1.94 Satisfied
01 Utility Building 1.09 Satisfied
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Earth Measured
Connected to value in Ohm Reference Picture Result
Pit No
(Ω)
Satisfied
02 Utility Building 2.45
03 Utility Building 0.72 Satisfied
04 Utility Building 1.98 Satisfied
01 Butterfly 0.67 Satisfied
Building
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Earth Connected Measured value Reference Picture Result
Pit No to in Ohm (Ω)
02 Butterfly 1.96 Satisfied
Building
03 Butterfly 1.02
Building
Satisfied
01 Printing 1.40
Building
Satisfied
02 Printing 1.47
Building
Satisfied
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Earth Measured
Connected to value in Ohm Reference Picture Result
Pit No
(Ω)
03 Printing 3.37
Building
Satisfied
04 Printing 6.07 Satisfied
Building
6.23 Satisfied
05 Printing
Building
06 Printing 6.12 Satisfied
Building
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Earth Measured
Connected to value in Ohm Reference Picture Result
Pit No
(Ω)
07 Printing 1.65 Satisfied
Building
Satisfied
08 Printing 6.07
Building
01 Knitting 7.10 Satisfied
Building
Satisfied
02 Knitting 0.69
Building
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Earth Connected Measured value Reference Picture Result
Pit No to in Ohm (Ω)
03 Knitting 9.11 Satisfied
Building
04 Knitting 1.12 Satisfied
Building
05 Knitting 2.93 Satisfied
Building
06 Knitting 4.32 Satisfied
Building
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Earth Measured
Connected to value in Ohm Reference Picture Result
Pit No
(Ω)
07 Knitting 1.98 Satisfied
Building
08 Knitting 1.94 Satisfied
Building
09 Knitting 3.41
Building
Satisfied
01 ETP Building 6.02 Satisfied
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Earth Measured
Connected to value in Ohm Reference Picture Result
Pit No
(Ω)
ETP Building 1.99
02 Satisfied
03 ETP Building 1.35 Satisfied
04 ETP Building 6.01
Satisfied
05 ETP Building 1.99 Satisfied
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Earth Connected Measured
value in Reference Picture Result
Pit No to
Ohm (Ω)
06 ETP Building 1.65 Satisfied
07 ETP Building 7.10 Satisfied
08 ETP Building 6.01 Satisfied
01 Guard Building 3.53 Satisfied
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Earth Connected Measured
value in Reference Picture Result
Pit No to
Ohm (Ω)
02 Guard Building 2.01 Satisfied
03 Guard Building 4.86 Satisfied
01 Yearn Building 2.94 Satisfied
02 Yearn Building 0.65 Satisfied
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Earth Connected Measured
value in Reference Picture Result
Pit No to
Ohm (Ω)
03 Yearn Building 1.36
Satisfied
04
Yearn Building 0.79 Satisfied
05 Yearn Building 0.97 Satisfied
06 Yearn Building 1.01 Satisfied
Note: BNBC 2020: Part-8, 1.3.33.8: LPS earth pit resistance should be less than 10Ω
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Calibration Certificate of Earthing Tester
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