Statistics and SENIOR

HIGH
Probability SCHOOL

Random Variable and GRADE

Probability Distribution 11
Module 1

Self-Learning Module taken from

 *****WEEKLY HOME LEARNING PLAN*****

Time MELC Learner's Tasks / Responsibility

8:30 AM - BREAK TIME

9:00 AM (Preparation of modules, YELLOW PAPER, notebooks, etc.)

illustrates a random variable Answer : PRETEST page 5, (In your Math notebook )
(discrete and continuous Read and Analyze : RECAP AND LESSON 1 , Page 5-7

9:00 AM - Lesson Answer : ACTIVITIES Page 7-8, (In your Math notebook )
10:00 AM 1
finds the possible values of a Read and Analyze : WRAP-UP and VALUING , Page 8
random variable
Answer : Required Output: Learning Activity Sheet 1 , page
9, ( Google Form )
Answer : PRETEST page 11, (In your Math notebook )
Read and Analyze : RECAP and LESSON 2 , Page 11-12
distinguishes between a
10:00 AM - Lesson Answer : ACTIVITY Page 13, (In your Math notebook )
discrete and a continuous
12:00 NN 2
random variable Read and Analyze : WRAP-UP and VALUING , Page 13
Answer : Required Output: Learning Activity Sheet 2 , page
14, ( Google Form )

12:00 NN -
LUNCH BREAK
1:00 PM

illustrates a probability Answer : PRETEST page 16, (In your Math notebook )
distribution for a discrete
random variable and its Read and Analyze : RECAP and LESSON 3 , Page 16-19
properties
1:00 - 3:00 Lesson
PM 3 Answer : ACTIVITIES Page 20-21, (In your Math notebook )
computes probabilities
Read and Analyze : WRAP-UP and VALUING , Page 21-22
corresponding to a given
random variable Answer : Required Output: Learning Activity Sheet 3 , page
22-23, ( Google Form )

REMINDER : REQUIRED OUTPUT TO BE DONE ONLINE VIA GOOGLE FORM

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 1

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 2

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 3

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Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Grade 11 Module on Random Variables and
Probability Distribution!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools Division
Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with the Local
Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Let us start our day right. Make sure you have taken your breakfast then set
aside other task that will distract you during the lesson. Read and follow the
instructions carefully. Do not be
in a hurry. Make sure you have pen and paper ready with you.

Perform all the activities provided in this module. Relax and enjoy the lesson.
God bless!

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners
as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability Module on Random Variables and
Probability Distribution!

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The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after completing the lessons
in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be mastered
throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you understand
from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning competency.

Learning Activity Sheet - This will measure how much you have learned from the
entire module. This test is recorded and graded. This is a Required output and to
be submitted to your teacher.

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 EXPECTATION

Module 1: Random Variables and Probability Distribution

Lesson 1: Exploring Random Variables

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

1. illustrate random variable; and
2. find the possible values of a random variable.

PRETEST
Direct ion: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the
statement is incorrect.
1. Rolling a die has two possible outcomes.
2. Random variables can be classified as finite or infinite
random variables.
3. Random variable is a way to map outcomes of a statistical
experiment determined by a chance in to number.
4. There are four possible outcomes when four coins being
tossed.
___________ 5. A random variable can only have one value.

RECAP
In your previous lessons in Mathematics 10, an experiment is an activity
which can be done repeatedly under similar conditions and you have learned
also how to list all the possible outcomes in a given experiment. Below are
lists of sample spaces given the experiment.

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 1

In this lesson, you will learn about variables that are associated with
probabilities called random variable. We will use a capital letter to represent
a variable.
Random variable is a function that associates a real number of each element
in the sample space.
Steps on how to determine the random variables on any events or experiments:
1. Determine the sample space. Assign letters that will represent each
outcome.
2. Count the number of the value of the random variable (capital letter
assigned).
Example 1
Suppose two coins are tossed. Let H represent heads, T represent tails and X
be the random variable representing the number of heads that will occur. Find
the values of the random variable X.

So the possible values of random variable X are 0, 1 and 2. We can also say,
X= 0, 1, 2.
Example 2
Suppose there are three people to be tested in Covid-19. Let P represent
positive, N represent negative and Z be the random variable representing the
number of infected person that occur. Find the random variable Z.

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So the possible values of random variable Z are 0, 1, 2, and 3. We can also
say, X= 0, 1, 2, 3.

Example 3
Two winners will be drawn from 5 security guards (S) and 6 canteen staff (C).
Let W be the random variable representing the canteen staffs. Find the values
of random variable W.

So the possible values of random variable W are 0, 1 and 2. We can also say,
W= 0, 1, 2.

ACTIVITY

1. Four coins are tossed. Let Y be the random variable that represent the
number of tail that will occur. Find the values of random variable Y.

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2. Five computers will be delivered to a certain school for testing, but three
of them are defective. The principal will get two of these computers for his
office. Let T represent the random variable representing the defective
computers will occur. Find the values of random variable T.

WRAP–UP

Random variable is a function that associates a real number of each element

in the sample space.

Steps on how to determine the random variables on any events or experiments:

1. Determine the sample space. Assign letters that will represent each
outcome.
2. Count the number of the value of the random variable (capital letter
assigned).

VA L U I N G
In
our lesson, we were able to perform mapping of the
outcomes of a statistical experiment determined by a chance in to number.
We are dealing here with chances. In life, managing risk is important
especially in our situation now that we cannot see our enemy. Now it’s up to
you to decide as young adult to risk or to save lives.

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 REQUIRED OUTPUT : ( ANSWER THIS VIA GOOGLE FORM LINK )

Learning Activity Sheet 1

I. Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. A function that associates a real number of each element in the sample

space.
a. Sample Space c. Random Variable
b. Experiment d. Normal Distribution

2. If two coins are tossed, which is NOT a possible value of the random
variable for the number of tails?
a. 0 b1c.2 d. 3

3. Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Z be the random variable

representing the number of heads that occur. Find the values of the
random variable Z.
a. Z = 0, 1, 2 c. Z = 1, 2, 3
b. Z = 0, 1, 2, 3 d. Z = 1, 2, 3, 4

4. Suppose there are four people to be tested in Covid-19. Let V be the

random variable representing the number of infected that occur. Find
the random variable V.
a. V = 0, 1, 2 c. V = 1, 2, 3
b. V = 0, 1, 2, 3 d. V = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

5. Which of the following statement is NOT true?

a. Random variables can only have one value.
b. The value of a random variable could be zero.
c. The probability of the value of a random variable could be zero.
d. A random variable represents numerical outcomes for different
situations or events.

II. Ten android tablets will be delivered to a certain school for testing but
three of them are defective. The principal will get two of these tablets for
testing. Let X represent the defective tablet, Y represent the nondefective
tablet and L represent the random variable representing the defective
tablet will occur. Complete the table below and find the values of random
variable L.

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 KEY T O C O R R E C T I O N

Pretest Activity 1

Activity 1

Activity 2

PAHIBALO!

IBALIK ANG MODULE UBAN SA OUTPUT DURING SCHEDULE OF

DISTRIBBUTION TAGA BIYERNES. ISULAT ANG PANGALAN, SECTION
UG SUBJECT SA INYUNG ESUBMIT NA OUTPUT.

10
 EXPECTATION

Module 1: Random Variables and Probability

Distribution
Lesson 2 : Exploring Discrete & Continuous Random
Variables
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:
1. illustrate discrete and continuous random variable; and
2. distinguish the difference between discrete and continuous random
variable.

PRETEST

Identification
: Classify each random variable as discrete or continuous
random variable:

1. number of female teachers in your school

2. the amount of gasoline consumed by a grab driver
3. time needed to finish taking a bath
4. number of UPCAT passers this year in Pasig
5. number of laptops given to Pasig City teachers for this
school year.

RECAP

In our previous lesson, we defined random variable as a function that

associates a real number of each element in the sample space.
Steps on how to determine the random variables on any events or
experiments:
1. Determine the sample space. Assign letters that will represent each
outcome.
2. Count the number of the value of the random variable (capital letter
assigned).

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 LESSON2

Were you able to sleep well last night? If so, how long did you sleep?
Did you also take your breakfast today? How many minutes did you spend in
the dining table? Why am I asking all these questions? Simply because, it has
something to do with our lesson today.

Two types of random variables:

1. Discrete random variable is a set of possible outcomes that are
countable or digital
2. Continuous random variable is a random variable where values are
on a continuous scale, where the data can take infinitely many values
such as temperature, weights and heights.

Example 1
Suppose a coin is tossed. Heads or tails are the two possible outcomes.
Therefore, this is a discrete random variable.

Example 2
Suppose a teacher surveys her class for the amount of calorie intake of the
students’ breakfast. This is not countable; thus, this is a continuous random
variable.

Example 3

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 ACTIVITY

Classify the following random variables if discrete or continuous.

WRAP–UP

Two types of random variables.

1. Discrete random variable is a set of possible outcomes that are
countable or digital
2. Continuous random variable is a random variable where values are
on a continuous scale, where the data can take infinitely many values
such as temperature, weights and heights.

VALUING
Continuous variable can be an unlimited number of values between highest to lowest. This data
is desirable in statistics; however, in the next lesson we will be focusing on discrete variables which are
associated with limited number of possible values. Just like in life, sometimes we need to consider the
limited resources that we have specially in this pandemic.

Though the financial assistance of our government is continuous at present, this will never be
lifetime. Same with our decisions in life. Just like for example the course you are going to pursue in
college, you should determine your choices by rank 1 up to 10 if you want. This process illustrates
example of discrete random variables.

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 REQUIRED OUTPUT : ( ANSWER THIS VIA GOOGLE FORM LINK )

Learning Activity Sheet 2

I. Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. A random variable that represents measured data, such as height,

weight, and temperature.
a. Continuous c. Sample
b. Discrete d. Normal Distribution

2. It is a random variable whose set of possible outcomes are countable.

a. Continuous c. Sample
b. Discrete d. Normal Distribution

3. Which of the following does not belong to the group?

a. age of your teacher
b. rate of the grad delivery
c. the body temperature of the covid-19 patient
d. the number of recovered covid-19 patients in the Philippines

4. Which of the following is a continuous random variable?

a. the population of Senior High students in Pasig City
b. the number of drop out students last school year
c. the average Body Mass Index of the Senior High School students
d. the total number of tablets given by the City Government of Pasig
to the students for this school year

5. Which of the following is a discrete random variable?

a. the average weight of GSP members
b. the number of covid-19 patients in Pasig
c. the average amount of electricity consumed during ECQ
d. the amount of paint used in repainting the SDO Pasig building.

II. Classify the following random variables if discrete or continuous.

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 KEY TO CORRECTION

Pre test

Activity

PAHIBALO!

IBALIK ANG MODULE UBAN SA OUTPUT DURING SCHEDULE OF

DISTRIBBUTION TAGA BIYERNES. ISULAT ANG PANGALAN, SECTION
UG SUBJECT SA INYUNG ESUBMIT NA OUTPUT.

15
 EXPECTATION

Module 1: Random Variables and Probability Distribution

Lesson 3 : Constructing Probability of Random Variables

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:
1. illustrate a probability distribution for a discrete random variable and
its properties; and
2. compute probabilities corresponding to a given random variable.

PRETEST

Direction: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement
is incorrect.
1. Random variables can only have one value.
2. The probability of getting even number in rolling a die is ½.
3. The probability distribution of having tails in tossing 2 coins
is ¼.
4. The sum of the probabilities of all values of the random
variable must be equal to 1.
5. The probability of each value of a random variable must be
between -1 to 1.

RECAP

In our previous lesson, we discuss two types of random variables, they are:
1. Discrete random variable is a set of possible outcomes that are
countable or digital
2. Continuous random variable is a random variable where values are
on a continuous scale. Where the data can take infinitely many values
such as temperature, weights and heights.

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Examples:

LESSON 3

Many decisions are made by assigning probabilities to all possible

outcomes in any situations and evaluation comes next. In this lesson, you will
learn probability distribution of a discrete random variable.

Steps in getting the probability of each value of the random variable:

1. Determine the sample space. Assign letters that will represent each
outcome.
2. Count the number of the value of the random variable (capital letter
assigned).
3. Given the total possible values of the random variable, assign
probability values to each value of the random variable.

Example 1
Suppose two coins are tossed. Let H represent heads, T represent tails and X
be the random variable representing the number of heads that will occur. Find
the values of the random variable X.

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The probability distribution of a discrete random variable X is:

Example 2
Suppose there are three people to be tested in Covid-19. Let P represent
positive, N represent negative and Z be the random variable representing the
number of infected person/s that occur. Find the random variable Z.

The probability distribution of a discrete random variable Z is:

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Example 3
Two winners will be drawn from 5 security guards (S) and 6 canteen staff (C).
Let W be the random variable representing the canteen staffs. Find the values
of random variable W.

The probability distribution of a discrete random variable W is:

Properties of a Probability Distribution:

1. The probability of each value of a random variable must be between 0
and 1 or equal to 0 or 1. We can also write it as 0 ≤ 𝑃(𝑋) ≤ 1.
2. The sum of the probabilities of all values of the random variable must
be equal to 1 or Σ𝑃(𝑋) = 1.

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 ACTIVITIES

I. Construct the probability distribution for the random variables described in

each of the following situation given below.

1. Four coins are tossed. Let Y be the random variable that represent the
number of tails that will occur. Find the values of random variable Y.

2. Five computers will be delivered to a certain school for testing, but three
of them are defective. The principal will get two of these computers for
his office. Let T represent the random variable representing the defective
computers will occur. Find the values of random variable T.

II. Determine whether the distribution represents a probability distribution.

1.

2.

II. The following data shows the probability for the number of computers
sold in a given day at a certain mall.

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 1. Find P(𝑋 > 3)
2. Find P(𝑋 ≤ 6)
3. Find P(2 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 8)

WRAP–UP

Steps on getting the probability of each value of the random

variable:
1. Determine the sample space. Assign letters that will represent each
outcome.
2. Count the number of the value of the random variable (capital letter
assigned).
3. Given the total possible values of the random variable, assign
probability values to each value of the random variable.

Properties of a Probability Distribution

1. The probability of each value of a random variable must be between 0
and 1 or equal to 0 or 1. We can also write it as 0 ≤ 𝑃(𝑋) ≤ 1.
2. The sum of the probabilities of all values of the random variable must
be equal to 1 or Σ𝑃(𝑋) = 1.

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 VALUING
Decision making is very important in all aspects of our life.
Like for instance, if your family is into business. This situation
and
many others require the use of random variables and probability distribution.
We can also apply this in our daily living like how we manage our time daily and
determining which portion contains higher probability distribution. Then let us
check if that lifestyle is healthy or not.

REQUIRED OUTPUT : ( ANSWER THIS VIA GOOGLE FORM LINK )

Learning Activity Sheet 3

I. Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. If tree coins are tossed, what is the probability distribution of the values
of the random variable having two heads?
a. 1/8 c. 1/4
b. 3/8 d. 5/8

2. As shown in the table below, which formula satisfies the probability

distribution?

a. P(Y) = 1/Y b. P(Y) = Y/12 c. P(Y) = Y/9 d. P(Y)= 9/Y

3. It consists of the values a random variable can assume and the
corresponding probabilities of the values.
a. random variable c. discrete random variable
b. continuous random variable d. discrete probability
distribution

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. The value of a random variable can also be zero.
b. Random variables can be a discrete or continuous random
variables.
c. The sum of the probabilities of all values of the random variable
must be equal to 1.

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 d. The probability of each value of a random variable must be
between 0 to 1.

5. Given the table, which of the following satisfies P(1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 4)?

a. P(1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 4) = 0.15 c. P(1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 4) = 0.35

b. P(1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 4) = 0.45 d. P(1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 4) = 0.65

6. Construct the distribution of the given formula and check if the

correspondence can serve as the probability distribution in a random
variable.
𝑥+3
𝑃(𝑋) = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑋 = 1, 2, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3
15

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 Activity I. 1

The probability distribution of a discrete random variable Y is:

I. 2

The probability distribution of a discrete random variable T is:

II.

III.

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