Distribution Construction Standard

GB011 Underground HV Cable and Accessories

22kV Cables

1. Scope
This standard provides information regarding the electrical characteristics, application, installation, and cable
current ratings of HV underground 22kV cables.

2. General
HV 22kV cable is selected according to the fault current levels, current rating, and other physical constraints.
Loading limits should be based on thermal limits and economic evaluation. This section contains information
on current ratings for 22kV cables, which should be used in the planning stages of the distribution system, as
well as standard cable sizes and physical characteristics.
The standard underground 12.7/22kV cables to be used in Powercor/CitiPower for all new construction are
shown in Table 1.

Positive
Conductor DC R @ Sequence Z @ 90° C
Conductor Insulation Standard
Area Cores 20°C
Material Material GB501_
(mm²) (Ω/km) R X
(Ω/km) (Ω/km)

Al XLPE 35 1 0.851 1.116 0.149 GB501A

Al XLPE 35 3 0.863 1.113 0.140 GB501B

Cu XLPE 35 1 0.524 0.668 0.163 GB501J

Al XLPE 95 1 0.320 0.411 0.134 GB501C

Al XLPE 95 3 0.320 0.407 0.116 GB501D

Al XLPE 185 1 0.162 0.219 0.112 GB501E

Al XLPE 185 3 0.165 0.211 0.106 GB501F

Al XLPE 240 3 0.125 0.161 0.101 GB501G

Cu EPR 300 3 0.060 0.080 0.100 GB501H

Cu XLPE 300 3 0.060 0.080 0.100 GB501K

Al XLPE 630 1 0.046 0.063 0.096 GB501I

Table 1 – Cable Characteristics for 12.7/22kV Cables

Note:
1. The DC resistance at 20°C is typically used to calculate fault current.
2. The positive sequence impedance values are typically used to calculate voltage drop.

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GB011 Underground HV Cable and Accessories
22kV Cables

3. Physical Data
Standard cable insulation is tree-retardant cross-linked polyethylene (TR-XLPE) in accordance with AS4096
latest revision, except for the 3 core 300mm² Cu cable which has ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) insulation.
Standard 3 core conductors are aluminium 35mm², 95mm², 185mm² or 240mm². The 300mm² copper
conductor is used specifically to replace existing smaller cables in conduit in highly loaded zone substation
feeder exits.
Figure 1 shows a typical 3 core TR-XLPE cable.

Figure 1 – Typical 3 Core 22kV TR--XLPE Cable

Figure 2 shows a typical 3 core Copper EPR cable.

Figure 2 – Typical 3 Core 22 kV EPR Cable

The 12.7/22kV 3 core cable dimensions shown in Table 2 are based on AS4026 and input from
manufacturers.

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GB011 Underground HV Cable and Accessories
22kV Cables

Nominal Area of Conductor per Core mm² 35 95 185 240 300EPR 300XLPE

Nominal Diameter of Conductor mm 7.2 11.5 16.7 19.2 20.9 20.7

Maximum Diameter over Insulation mm 21.0 25.1 30.1 32.3 32.2 34.0

Minimum Diameter over Insulation mm 18.5 22.9 27.8 30.0 30.6 31.6

Nominal Area of Cu. Screen per Core mm² 8.5 19.9 25.6 31.8 31.7 42.9

Approx. Overall Diameter of Cable mm 59.1 67.0 80.1 85.3 86.9 90.6

Approx. Mass of Cable kg/m 3.0 4.0 6.0 7.0 13.0 13.2

Maximum Width of Drum mm 1550 1550 1550 1550 1600 1600

(including Projections)

Maximum Diameter of Drum mm 2600 2600 2600 2600 2800 2800

(including Lagging) (excluding (excluding
lag) lag)

Spindle Hole Diameter mm 95 95 95 95 95 110

Table 2 – Physical Data for 3 Core 12.7/22kV HV Cables

Standard 1 core conductors are aluminium 35mm², 95mm² or 185mm². 630mm² may be used in high load
areas.
Figure 3 shows a typical 1 core aluminium TR-XLPE cable.

Figure 3 – Typical 1 Core 22kV TR- XLPE Cable

The 12.7/22kV 1 core cable dimensions shown in Table 3 are based on AS1429.1 and input from
manufacturers.

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GB011 Underground HV Cable and Accessories
22kV Cables

Nominal Area of Conductor per Core mm² 35 95 185 630

Nominal Diameter of Conductor mm 7.2 11.5 16.7 30.9

Maximum Diameter over Insulation mm 21.0 25.1 30.1 45.0

Minimum Diameter over Insulation mm 18.5 22.9 27.8 43.8

Nominal Area of Cu. Screen per Core mm² 17.6 57.0 57.0 95.0

Approx. Overall Diameter of Cable mm 27.5 33.1 38.1 57.3

Approx. Mass of Cable kg/m 0.8 1.6 1.9 4.3

Maximum Width of Drum

mm 1550 1550 1550 1550
(including Projections)

Maximum Diameter of Drum

mm 2600 2600 2600 2600
(including Lagging)

Spindle Hole Diameter mm 95 95 95 95

Table 3 – Physical Data for 1 Core 12.7/22kV HV Cable

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GB011 Underground HV Cable and Accessories
22kV Cables

4. Application

4.1. 35mm² and 95mm² Aluminium

35mm² and 95mm² are used as distribution feeders in reduced capacity networks, which are defined as
a limited infill feeder with no future capability of full load transfer. These networks are typically
radial feeders or areas enclosed by geographical boundaries, such as rivers, bays, railway lines,
freeways, etc. For further information on reduced capacity networks refer to standard GA070,
Underground HV Network Design Guidelines.
The design capacity of 35mm² is 4.7MVA, and normally must be fuse protected against potential fault
current damage due to a maximum fault rating of 3kA.95mm² has a design capacity of 8.5MVA and
has sufficient fault rating to allow it to be used without local protection.
Both 35mm² and 95mm² are normally terminated using 200 amp elbow terminations, however they
may also be terminated using 400 amp elbow terminations on 400 amp bushing wells.
Single core 35mm² and 95mm² are suitable in underground SWER applications.

4.2. 185mm² and 240mm² Aluminium

185mm² and 240mm² are used as distribution feeders in full capacity networks, which are defined as a
fully rated backbone feeder capable of full load transfers. For further information on full capacity
networks refer standard GA070, Underground HV Network Design Guidelines.
185mm² and 240mm² provide a design capacity of 12MVA. 185mm² is the standard distribution
feeder, while the 240mm² is typically used for Zone Substation feeder exits.
Single core 185mm² is typically used in short cable runs, where the expense of crutching outweighs
the cost of 3 single core cables.

4.3. 300mm² Copper

300mm² copper 3 core cable is specifically used to replace overloaded 3 core 185mm² or 240mm²
aluminium cables where existing conduits do not permit 3 by 630mm² 1 core cables to be used. This
application is typically in older indoor zone substation feeder exits where a single conduit was
installed per circuit breaker.

4.4. 630mm² Aluminium

Single core 630mm² is used for heavily loaded Zone Substation feeder exits and provides a design
capacity of 23MVA.

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GB011 Underground HV Cable and Accessories
22kV Cables

5. Current Ratings
‘Standard’ current rating tables are provided for normal maximum current rating (cyclic rating), and for 1
hour emergency limited cyclic rating, which is applicable for short term (1 hour) applications. Where actual
application conditions vary from the ‘standard’ conditions, correction factors can be applied to modify the
current ratings accordingly.
Where an indication of the current carrying capacity of a cable is required the values in Tables 4 through to 7
(‘standard’ installation conditions) may be used directly.
However, when the actual current rating for a particular installation is required the correction factors given in
this standard should be applied to the standard rating to determine the lowest current rating for the
installation. Typically, this will be either the point of greatest depth, where the cable is installed in conduit,
where the cable is installed near other cables, or where the cable is installed in air.
An example calculation is given at the end of this standard.

5.1. Cyclic Rating

The cyclic current ratings of any given cable is a function of several variables. The following tables
are based upon the following variables:
• Maximum continuous operating temperature of 90°C for XLPE, 105°C for EPR.
• Ambient ground temperature of 25°C.
• Ambient air temperature of 40°C.
• Thermal soil resistivity of 1.2°C.m/watt.
• Depth of burial of 0.6m.

Table 4 and Table 5 provide current ratings for 3 core and 1 core cyclic ratings respectively for
standard installation conditions.

Cable Type Direct Buried Cable in Conduit Cable in Air

35 3/c. a.x.hc.h. 145 125 135

95 3/c. a.x.hc.h. 260 225 240

185 3/c. a.x.hc.h. 370 315 355

240 3/c. a.x.hc.h. 425 365 425

300 3/c. c.epr.hc.v. 555 470 615

300 3/c. c.x.hc.h. 625 515 645

Table 4 – 3 Core Cables Current Ratings (Cyclic)

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22kV Cables

Direct Buried Cable in Conduit Cable in Air

Cable Type

35 1/c. a.x.hc.h. 165 135 150 150

95 1/c. a.x.hc.h. 275 240 260 280

185 1/c. a.x.hc.h. 385 340 340 395

630 1/c. a.x.hc.h. 665 625 545 750

Table 5 – 1 Core Cables Current Ratings (Cyclic)

For cables installed in the ground, the continuous current rating is equal to the cyclic rating divided by
1.13.

5.2. Emergency Rating

The emergency current rating tables are based upon the following variables:
• Maximum conductor temperature for 1 hour emergency of 105°C for XLPE, 130°C for
EPR.
• Ambient ground temperature of 25°C.
• Ambient air temperature of 40°C.
• Thermal soil resistivity of 1.2°C.m/watt.
• Depth of burial of 0.6m.

These emergency ratings also assume that the load on the cable prior to the emergency condition was
no more than 50% of the cable’s cyclic rating.
Table 6 and Table 7 provide current ratings for 3 core and 1 core one hour emergency ratings for
standard installation conditions.

Cable Type Direct Buried Cable in Conduit Cable in Air

35 3/c. a.x.hc.h. 195 155 160

95 3/c. a.x.hc.h. 335 285 270

185 3/c. a.x.hc.h. 500 400 400

240 3/c. a.x.hc.h. 630 490 495

300 3/c. c.epr.hc.v. 1300 1300 1300

300 3/c. c.x.hc.h. 880 680 740

Table 6 – 3 Core Cables Emergency Current Ratings

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GB011 Underground HV Cable and Accessories
22kV Cables

Direct Buried Cable in Conduit Cable in Air

Cable Type

35 1/c. a.x.hc.h. 205 175 195 170

95 1/c. a.x.hc.h. 345 290 310 320

185 1/c. a.x.hc.h. 520 480 470 440

630 1/c. a.x.hc.h. 1000 940 850 860

Table 7 – 1 Core Cables Emergency Current Ratings

5.3. Correction Tables

The standard continuous or cyclic cable current ratings given in Table 4 and Table 5 can be used for
an indication of cable current rating. However, when the actual current rating for a particular
installation is required, the following correction factors should be applied to the standard ratings.
This actual rating is calculated by multiplying the standard rating by the applicable correction factors.
These correction factors are listed below:
5.3.1. The ambient temperature correction factors shown in Table 8 and Table 9 can be used when
the ambient temperature variable changes from the ‘standard’ condition of 40°C. This
correction factor is only relevant for cables installed in air, applying to shaded installations
assuming no wind (cables in indoor applications or the part of a cable installed on a pole).

Ambient Air Temperature (°C)

20 25 30 35 40 45

1.21 1.16 1.11 1.06 1.00 0.94

Table 8 – Ambient Air Temperature Correction Factors for XLPE Cables (@ 90°C)

Ambient Air Temperature (°C)

20 25 30 35 40 45

1.17 1.13 1.09 1.04 1.00 0.95

Table 9 – Ambient Air Temperature Correction Factors for EPR Cables (@ 105°C)

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GB011 Underground HV Cable and Accessories
22kV Cables

5.3.2. The soil temperature correction factors shown in Table 10 and Table 11 can be used when the
soil temperature variable changes from the ‘standard’ condition of 25°C.
In CitiPower’s/Powercor’s network the following guide to soil temperature can be used:

• North of the divide (Mildura, Bendigo, Shepparton):

– winter 15°C, summer 25°C
• South of the divide (Ballarat, Warrnambool, Geelong, Werribee):
– and CitiPower area winter 10°C, summer 20°C

Ground Temperature (°C)

10 15 20 25

1.11 1.07 1.04 1.00

Table 10 – Soil Temperature Correction Factors for XLPE Cables (@ 90°C)

Ground Temperature (°C)

10 15 20 25

1.09 1.06 1.03 1.00

Table 11 – Soil Temperature Correction Factors for EPR Cables (@ 105°C)

5.3.3. The cable laying depth correction factors shown in Table 12 can be used when the cable
laying depth variable changes from the ‘standard’ condition of 0.6m.

Depth (m)
Cable Type
0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.0 2.5 3.0

Direct Buried

1/c or 3/c up to
1.02 1.00 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.91 0.89 0.88 0.87 0.85
300mm²

1/c or 3/c above

1.03 1.00 0.96 0.93 0.90 0.89 0.87 0.86 0.84 0.82
300mm²

Cable in Conduit

1/c up to
1.02 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.86 0.85
300mm²

1/c above
1.03 1.00 0.96 0.93 0.90 0.88 0.87 0.86 0.84 0.82
300mm²

3/c 1.01 1.00 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.90

Table 12 – Cable Laying Depth Correction Factors

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22kV Cables

5.3.4. The soil thermal resistivity correction factors shown in Table 13 can be used when the soil
resistivity variable changes from the ‘standard’ condition of 1.2°Cm/watt.
During the summer periods, recommended values are as follows:

• All soils except those below 1.2°Cm/W

• Stony soils or ballast 1.3°Cm/W
• Well-drained sand 2.0°Cm/W
• Made-up soils 1.6°Cm/W

Soil Thermal Resistivity (°Cm/W)

Cable Type
0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Direct Buried – 1 Core

50mm² to 150mm² 1.22 1.16 1.12 1.07 1.00 0.91 0.81 0.73 0.68

185mm² to 400mm² 1.23 1.17 1.12 1.07 1.00 0.91 0.80 0.73 0.67

500mm² to 1000mm² 1.24 1.17 1.12 1.07 1.00 0.91 0.80 0.72 0.66

Direct Buried – 3 Core

16mm² to 35mm² 1.16 1.13 1.10 1.06 1.00 0.93 0.84 0.78 0.72

50mm² to 120mm² 1.18 1.14 1.10 1.06 1.00 0.92 0.83 0.75 0.70

150mm² to 400mm² 1.20 1.15 1.10 1.07 1.00 0.92 0.82 0.74 0.69

Cable in Conduit – 1 Core

50mm² to 150mm² 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.00 0.95 0.88 0.82 0.78

185mm² to 400mm² 1.12 1.09 1.06 1.04 1.00 0.94 0.87 0.81 0.76

500mm² to 1000mm² 1.14 1.11 1.08 1.05 1.00 0.94 0.85 0.79 0.74

Cable in Conduit – 3 Core

16mm² to 35mm² 1.06 1.05 1.03 1.02 1.00 0.96 0.92 0.87 0.83

50mm² to 120mm² 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.03 1.00 0.96 0.90 0.85 0.81

150mm² to 400mm² 1.10 1.07 1.05 1.03 1.00 0.95 0.88 0.83 0.79

Table 13 – Soil Thermal Resistivity Correction Factors

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GB011 Underground HV Cable and Accessories
22kV Cables

5.3.5. The multiple cable installation correction factors shown in Table 14 can be used for multiple
cables installed in parallel. This table gives de-rating factors for HV cables both direct buried
and installed in conduits.

Number of Cables
Spacing Between Adjacent Cables
(centre to centre)
2 3 4 5 6

Direct Buried

0.60m 0.93 0.90 0.86 0.85 0.84

0.45m 0.92 0.87 0.84 0.81 0.80

0.30m 0.90 0.83 0.79 0.76 0.75

0.15m 0.86 0.77 0.71 0.68 0.66

Touching 0.81 0.71 0.64 0.60 0.58

In Conduit

0.60m 0.95 0.92 0.89 0.88 0.87

0.45m 0.93 0.90 0.86 0.85 0.85

0.30m 0.91 0.86 0.83 0.81 0.80

Touching 0.89 0.82 0.76 0.74 0.73

Table 14 – Multiple HV Cables Group Correction Factors

Heat from the 300mm² copper cable may derate adjacent feeders due to heating of the soil.
Where the 105°C rated EPR cable is buried within 1 metre of XLPE or paper insulated cables
contact the Technical Standards Engineer for assistance.

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GB011 Underground HV Cable and Accessories
22kV Cables

5.4. Example Calculation

The following worked example is aimed at using the above correction factors to determine the actual
cyclic cable current rating for a particular installation.

5.4.1. Problem

Find the summer current rating of an installation of 185mm² 3/c XLPE aluminium cable
installed in the Bendigo area. The major portion of the cable is installed at a depth of 0.6m,
direct buried with 300mm separation (centre to centre) to another 185mm² 3/c cable. One
part of the cable run drops to an installation depth of 0.8m, while still maintaining the
300mm separation to the adjacent cable. Another part of the cable run (10m) is installed in
125mm conduit at 0.6m depth. Assume the soil thermal resistivity is 1.2°Cm/W.

5.4.2. Solution

For the installation in Bendigo we can assume the summer ground temperature is 25°C, and
therefore there is no correction factor (see Table 10).
Given the above information, the cable rating will either be the 0.8m depth installation part
of the cable run, or the portion of the run installed in conduit.

• Rating at 0.8m installation depth

From Table 4 the standard cyclic cable rating is 370A for 185mm² 3/c direct
buried.

The appropriate correction factors are:

• Depth (Table 12) – 0.98 for a depth of 0.8m
• Multiple Cables (Table 14) – 0.90 for a separation of 300mm
Therefore, the actual cable summer cyclic rating is determined as:

370 x 0.98 x 0.90 = 326Amps

• Rating in conduit

From Table 4 the standard cyclic cable rating is 315A for 185mm² 3/c installed
in conduit.

No correction factors apply; therefore the actual cable summer cyclic rating is
determined is: 315Amps
Therefore, for this particular installation the lowest current rating is the portion of the cable
installed in conduit. Thus, the actual summer cyclic current rating is 315 amps.

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22kV Cables

6. Short Circuit Ratings

This section contains current ratings which can be safely carried under short circuit conditions by standard
HV cables.
The current ratings assume the cable is operating at the maximum permissible conductor temperature
corresponding to normal full load at the time the short circuit occurs. Note: the maximum short circuit
conductor temperature is 250°C.
There are two possible short circuit ratings:

6.1. Cable Fault

Faults which occur between the cable core conductor and the screen wires, which are connected to
earth. Hence this fault effects the cable core and the cable screen wires.

6.2. Through Fault

Faults which occur between phase to phase, phase to earth, or phase to phase to earth. This fault only
effects the cable core conductor.
The short circuit curves are given in Figure 4. The curve reference for standard HV cables are given in
Table 15.

HV Cable Type Cable Fault Through Fault

35 1/c. a.x.hc.h. B H

35 3/c. a.x.hc.h. H H

95 1/c. a.x.hc.h. D D

95 3/c. a.x.hc.h. D D

185 1/c. a.x.hc.h. D I

185 3/c. a.x.hc.h. E I

240 3/c. a.x.hc.h. F J

300 3/c. c.epr.hc.v. F L

300 3/c. c.x.hc.h. F L

630 1/c. a.x.hc.h. F K

Table 15 – HV Cable Short Circuit Rating Curves

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Figure 4 – HV Cable Short Circuit Ratings

kA
Figure 4 is based on the short circuit formula: Isc = , where
t
• Isc – fault current corresponding to time t (kiloamps),
• A – cross sectional area of fault current carrying component (mm²), and
• k – constant, dependant on the conductor metal and the conductor temperature rise during the
short circuit.
− Aluminium conductor core temperature rise: 90°C-250°C, k = 0.094
− Copper conductor core temperature rise: 105°C-250°C, k = 0.134
− Copper screen wire temperature rise: 60°C-250°C, k = 0.159

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