Chapter 1

Introduction

Background of the Study

This study is all about finding the factors affecting the academic

performance of information communication technology (ICT) students on

computer system servicing (CSS) during COVID-19 pandemic in General Santos

City National High School. It has been years since this pandemic broke out

globally. From the very beginning of the government implementation of various

lockdowns and home quarantines, schools and many business establishments

were closed. Schools especially the GSCNHS were temporarily closed and all

teachers, students, and even parents are prohibited from going to school.

As we know, COVID-19 pandemic affects the academic performance of

senior high school ICT (Information Communication Technology) students during

the COVID-19 pandemic specially their major subject CSS (Computer System

Servicing). As of time students struggle in this situation, consequently student

struggles with the availability of internet connection, online learning materials,

and the lack of in-person interaction which causes them to lose their interest or

concentration.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, Information Communication Technology

(ICT) has been utilized in different fields. Department of Education (DepEd) has

applied distance learning modalities to ensure learning continuity, which involves

technology and internet connection. This way student can continue their

education in remote setups online/offline platforms. However, COVID-19 still has

an effect on the academic performance of senior high school ICT students. The

recent outbreak of the Coronavirus

(COVID-19) pandemic has led to the total lockdown of major cities in

Nigeria, according to Oyinloye (2020) revealed that the pandemic has had a

negative outcome on the performance of senior secondary students.

Limniou et al., (2021) study shows that senior high school students with

high levels of self-regulation and digital capabilities were able to keep focused on

their academic performance and engaged during the lockdown. Although

universities and teachers were “forced” to shift their teaching approach due to the

unfortunate disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The purpose of the study is to determine the factors affecting the

academic performance of senior high school ICT students on CSS during

COVID-19 pandemic in General Santos City National High School and

satisfaction with online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic and to develop a

relationship between these variables.

Statement of the problem

This study aims to determine the factors affecting the academic

performance of senior high school ICT students on computer system servicing

(CSS) during COVID-19 pandemic in General Santos City National High School.

Especially it will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What are the factors affecting the academic performance in Computer

System Servicing during COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of?

1.1 CSS skills

1.2 Classroom activities

1.3 Practicum
Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the study presents the factors affecting the

academic performance as an independent variable as well as the senior high

school ICT students on CSS in General Santos City National High School.

Likewise, the dependent variable of the study will serve as a factor to determine if

there are any results on the academic performance of the students.

Independent Variable Dependent

Variable

Academic Performance of
COVID-19 Pandemic the senior high school ICT
Students
Scope and Delimitation

This study will be conducted to know the factors affecting the academic

performance of the ICT students in General Santos City National High School.

The participants of the study will be the senior high school ICT students. In line

with this study, it will discuss the insights of the students regarding the factors

affects the academic performance.

Significance of the Study

This study is significant to students, upcoming senior high school

students, future researchers, teachers, and faculty heads because it serves as

awareness, baseline study, additional knowledge and information, driving force,

and support mentally and morally.

The study is made with the aim to provide information and knowledge

regarding the chosen topic from the respondents, and other research studies

needed for the expected importance to the following sectors:

Students

This study will help students to determine the factors that affects the

academic performance of the senior high school students on their computer

system servicing during COVID-19 pandemic.

Future Researcher

This study can help the future researchers to know how senior high school

students in GSCNHS overcome the challenges of the new normal learning

system. This study can help future researchers they can use this study for future

references.

Teachers

This research will help teachers learn how to be considerate of students

who are unable to complete their activities on time. This study will enable the

teachers to be more considerate in the deadline for the submission of activities of

the students. Also, this study can enable teachers to become aware of the

challenges of a student in the new normal learning system.

Definition of Terms

Academic Performance

Operational definition – This is where student academic achievement is

measured.

COVID-19 Pandemic

Operational definition - Is an infectious disease that spread from person to

person through droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or

talks.

Computer System Servicing

Operational definition - It develops student’s skills in diagnosis and

troubleshooting of computer systems, as well as in the performance of computer

operations.

Information Communication Technology

Operational definition - Is a senior high school stand that prepares students for a

career in Information and Communication Technology.

 Chapter 2

Review Related Literature

This chapter presents the relevant literature of this study. It focuses on the

different factors affecting the academic performance of ICT students. It includes

the different variables that can affect the academic performance in Computer

System Servicing of senior high school ICT students.

Computer System Servicing skills

According to Michels (2012), acquiring CSS involves learning how to

perform the skills (procedural knowledge), the rationale for doing (underlying

basic sciences knowledge), and interpretation of the findings. Without these three

components, CSS is merely a mechanical performance with limited clinical

application. However, clinicians are often unaware of the complex interplay

between different components of a CSS that they are practicing and

consequently do not teach all these aspects to students.

1. Network Configuration on CSS

Embedded systems are constantly becoming more complex, as they are

increasingly equipped with more functionality. Networking capability is one of the

most desired features even for embedded systems, hence network applications,

typically used in desktop systems, are required to become available in the

embedded system domain. Rewriting these applications to fit into embedded root

file systems takes time and effort that may entail a considerable cost. On the

other hand, using the existing desktop applications is a good strategy, although

introducing many challenges. Formulating storage specifications is easy, but it is

not the same for memory as traditionally used memory tools do not utilize the

Proportional Set Size value. A thoroughly architecture-independent development

methodology is proposed about the construction of an optimized medium-sized

network embedded system utilizing the large GNU/Linux code base and

emulation. (Anders 2020)

2. Troubleshooting software issues

Today’s digital world and evolving technology has improved the quality of our

lives but it has also come with a number of new threats. In the society of smart-

cities and Industry, where many cyber–physical devices connect and exchange

data through the Internet of Things, the need for addressing information security

and solve system failures becomes inevitable. System failures can occur

because of hardware failures, software bugs or interoperability issues. In this

paper we introduce the industry-originated concept of “smart-troubleshooting”

that is the set of activities and tools needed to gather failure information

generated by heterogeneous connected devices, analyze them, and match them

with troubleshooting instructions and software fixes. As a consequence of

implementing smart-troubleshooting, the system would be able to self-heal and

thus become more resilient. (Mauro et., al 2020)

3. Understanding of Operating System

Many modern applications result in a significant operating system (OS)

component. The OS component has several implications including affecting the

control flow transfer in the execution environment. the operating system effects

on control flow transfer and prediction, and designing architectural support to

alleviate the bottlenecks. We characterize the control flow transfer of several

emerging applications on a commercial operating system. We find that the

exception-driven, intermittent invocation of OS code and the user/OS branch

history interference increase the misprediction in both user and kernel code. We

propose two simple OS-aware control flow prediction techniques to alleviate the

destructive impact of user/OS branch interference. (Tao Li eat., al 2002)

4. Installing and configuring computer systems

The techniques used to build highly available computer systems are sketched.

Historical background is provided, and terminology is defined. Empirical

experience with computer failure is briefly discussed. Device improvements that

have greatly increased the reliability of digital electronics are identified. Fault-

tolerant design concepts and approaches to fault-tolerant hardware are outlined.

The role of repair and maintenance and of design-fault tolerance is discussed.

Software repair is considered. The use of pairs of computer systems at separate

locations to guard against unscheduled outages due to outside sources. (Gray

et., al 2019)
5. Knowledge of computer hardware and software components

The application domain which is considered in this project contains combined

hardware/software systems. Those systems share a lot of commonalities and are

configured in a rich variety of outcoming products. Besides others, we discuss

issues concerning features and evolution. Feature trees describing the

functionality in terms of customer requirements are used to efficiently select,

combine and configure components from the product catalogue. Mappings

between these feature models and the product descriptions have to be

developed and modeled sufficiently for the configuration task. A further problem

area arises in this application domain with evolution in both the products

themselves and the models describing the product catalogue. (Thorsten Krebs

2002)

Factors affecting the performance on classroom activities

In this era of globalization and technological revolution, education is

considered as a first step for every human activity. It plays a vital role in the

development of human capital and is linked with an individual’s well-being and

opportunities for better living. It ensures the acquisition of knowledge and skills

that enable individuals to increase their productivity and improve their quality of
life. This increase in productivity also leads towards new sources of earning

which enhances the economic growth of a country. The quality of students’

performance remains at top priority for educators. It is meant for making a

difference locally, regionally, nationally and globally. Educators, trainers, and

researchers have long been interested in exploring variables contributing

effectively for quality of performance of in learners. (Saxton, 2000)

1. Understanding about Operating System (OS)

One of the difficulties of operating systems is the highly unpredictable nature of

the demands made upon them. Independent users submit jobs with varying

resource requirements at irregular intervals. An operating system is expected to

schedule this unpredictable mixture of jobs in such a manner that the resources

are utilized efficiently and the users can expect response within reasonably

predictable times. The only way to satisfy these expectations is probably to put

restrictions on the characteristics of jobs so the designer can take advantage of

the expected usage of resources. This is certainly the main reason for the

success of small, specialized operating systems. It also gives a plausible

explanation of the failure of recent "general-purpose" operating systems which try

to handle a much greater variety of jobs (in some cases for a variety of machine

configurations as well). (Hansen 2020)

2. Level of student engagement

E-learning platforms and processes face several challenges, among which is the

idea of personalizing the e-learning experience and to keep students motivated

and engaged. The event log is transformed using MATLAB to generate a new

dataset representing the considered metrics. Experimental results’ analysis

shows that among the considered interaction-related and effort-related metrics,

the number of logins and the average duration to submit assignments are the

most representative of the students’ engagement level. Furthermore, using the

silhouette coefficient as a performance metric, it is shown that the two-level

model offers the best performance in terms of cluster separation. However, the

three-level

model has a similar performance while better identifying students with low

engagement levels. (Moubayed et., al 2020)

3. Work readiness

Student work readiness relates to the acquisition of relevant skills and knowledge

which enable students to make meaningful contributions to industry, and assist

them in their transition from student to practitioner. An individual’s smooth

transition into the workforce translates into higher levels of interactions in their

workplace, ensuing in benefits for both the employee and the employer. In the

built environment, employees are known to experience high levels of work-

related stress, exacerbating the need for built environment professionals to be

well prepared for the workforce. (Eric.ed 2020)

4. Availability of technical resources

Modern technology can make more innovative and creative ideas in student’s

mind. It can build the students to learn their lesson their own self and provide a
lot of information that is required by students. Revolutionize the routine of

technology that increase educational paradigm shift which provide importance to

the student-centered learning. The main objectives were to probe available

technology resources in education system and to examine educating students on

appropriate use of technology that can overcome the problems. It was found that

technology facilitate the students to become independent learner, it improves the

student’s interest because many websites provide practical knowledge with

theoretical knowledge. (Nawaz and Amin 2018)

5. Lack of time management

We argue that time management training can help develop students’ self-control,

which helps students spend less time on leisure activities and more time on

activities that are associated with student success. The imposition of measures

meant to reduce or stop the spread of the COVID-19 virus provided an

opportunity where the impact of time management training on student behavior

could be assessed when

there was a significant change in the learning environment, from in person

learning to online learning. The transition to online learning was associated with

an increase in unstructured time and the removal of time norms for students.

(Tabvuma et., al 2021)

Factors affecting the practicum on Computer System Servicing (CSS)

 According to Olawale (2022), practicum is a practical experience offered

to individuals as a means to enable them put into practice, theoretical knowledge

learned during the process of education. The objectives for doing this is to

expose students to a minimum of Two Semesters–Six Months’ field experience

including observation, adaptation to office conditions, planning and preparation

for social work intervention. Those to engage in this exercise are expected to

serve in both formal and informal organizations. It is as a consequence of this,

that monthly reports are required.

1. Efficiency skills

The state of ICT integration and the level of its implementation in the school

learning system of the Department of Education (DepEd) in Senior High Schools

in The Division of General Santos City during the school year 2019-2020. It

utilized convergent parallel mixed method. Findings show ICT teachers taking big

roles in the implementation of the program where learners were encouraged to

participate in class. They maximize the teaching-learning process despite a gap

on the facility maintenance and upgrading software and internet connection as

hindering factors in delivering better educational services. While there were

computers provided, not all learners were able to use or access them. While ICT

teachers were guided by the curriculum guide with the competencies required as

their legal framework, they have not established standardized modules. They

only relied on the available resources in the internet. (Wilfred Bidad 2021)

2. Work immersion project in CSS

During acquisition training, healthy participants navigated through virtual

environments containing dynamic snake and spider conditioned stimuli, one of

which was paired with electrical wrist stimulation. During a 24-hour delayed

retention test, one group returned to the same context as acquisition training

whereas another group experienced the CSS in a novel context. Unconditioned

stimulus (US) expectancy ratings were assayed on-line during fear acquisition as

an index of contingency awareness. Skin conductance responses (SCR) time-

locked to CS onset were the dependent measure of cued fear, and skin

conductance levels during the interstimulus interval were an index of context

fear. (Nicole Huff et., al 2011)

3. Basic computer repair in CSS

Computer education in schools have come a long way. Gone are the days when

computer education used to be a subject for professionals only. Now, most of the

educational institutes have computer as part of the syllabus. In this regard the

steps taken by various educational authorities are really commendable. There is

no doubt that the computers over a period of time have changed our way of

thinking a doing thing. Then, why should the students be far behind. They should

also be given the knowledge and that too, the latest one. Curriculum of Web

Technology has been designed in such a fashion that the students who after

passing out from school and planning to pursue computer studies further, can do

so without any difficulty. Each chapter is embedded with various illustrations and

screen shots wherever possible. These, not only help the students in

understanding the concept but they also are made aware of what to expect on
the monitor screen. At the end of each chapter, there is a total revision for

brushing up the subject read. There are also questions to test the knowledge of

the students. (Ramesh Bangia 2011)

4. Information and Communication Technology related skills

The digital revolution has had a significant impact on daily life, as shown by the

widespread use of devices and the seamless incorporation of technology into

everyday activities. The purpose of this research paper is to find out the weak

points of students in the awareness and usage of essential software applications

as the fundamental inputs to the Program Enhancement for Senior High School

(SHS) Technical-Vocational-Livelihood–Information Communication and

Technology (TVL-ICT) students at Lopez National Comprehensive High School.

It was further revealed that there was significant difference in the computer

software application awareness between senior high school students. In order to

improve students' knowledge and literacy in database applications, webpage

design, and basic computer programming, an enhancement program may be

applied to the specialization or integrated into other ICT subjects. (Jorlan Indrinal

2022)

5. Network facilities

The use of end-to-end network slicing mechanisms allows for sharing the related

infrastructure among multiple operators/vertical industries and customizing its

capabilities on a per-tenant basis, creating a neutral host market and reducing

operational costs. The first distributed tier being for offering low latency services

and the second centralized tier being for the provision of high processing power

for computing-intensive network applications. The present work identifies a

variety of challenges to be fulfilled by the 5G ESSENCE in the scope of an

enhanced architectural framework. In a conclusion, this goes to influence many

aspects of our social and work lives, it is important that school experiences equip

students the skills and knowledge that will enable them to develop into effective

independent, creative, and lifelong learners to cope with the influx of changes.

Given that teachers play a key role in the effective use of technology in

education, there is a need to ensure that teacher education programs prepare

teachers for the effective integration of ICT in the classrooms. (Chochliouros

2017)

In conclusion COVID-19 pandemic had rumpled the worldwide education

foundation, averting the learning needs of the students, thus affecting their

academic performance. A comparable education experience of how the

education sector had changed during the pandemic crises. The distinctive

variables have provided a clear understanding of the pandemic affecting the

individual performance of student.

Research Gap

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic schools around the world

are taking rapid actions to ensure students learning continuity and secure the
well-being of their students. This study aims at exploring the student’s e-learning

experience on ICT students as well as e-learning readiness during the pandemic.

While each senior high school is unique. This study also highlights the role of

electronic commerce in transforming distance learning. Further investments and

contingency plans are needed to develop a resilient education system that

supports electronic and distance learning. (Alsoud and Harasis 2021)

Chapter 3

Methodology

Research Design

The descriptive research design was employed by the researcher in this

study. Research that uses the descriptive qualitative approach collects,

characterizes, categorizes, and analyzes data before coming to conclusions.

Additionally, it was noted that "diagnostic research investigations identify the

frequency with which something occurs or its relationship to another, whereas

descriptive research studies describe the characteristics of a specific individual,

or of a group. (Kothari 2004)

Research Population and Sample

 The participants of this study are Grade 11 and Grade 12 ICT students

from GSCNHS will take part in this study. The researchers only include 20% of

the 340 Grade 11 and Grade 12 ICT students who were eligible for the study.

Sampling Procedure

This study uses stratified random sampling method in which researchers

divides the population into smaller that don’t overlap but represent the entire

population.

A population of 360 Grade 11 and Grade 12 ICT students in the total of 6

section, includes 60 from each section, if the computed sample size if 60, the

following proportionate sampling will be as follows.

Sample size per

subgroups

60/360 = .16x60 = 9 Linux Grade 12

60/360 = .16x60 = 9 Macintosh Grade 12

60/360 = .16x60 = 9 Microsoft Grade 12

60/360 = .16x60 = 9 Intel Grade 11

 60/360 = .16x60 = 9 Strix Grade 11

60/360 = .16x60 = 9 Raizen Grade 11

60/360 = 96% = Total of 60

respondents

Research Instruments

The questionnaire was used as the main data-gathering instrument. The

instrument to be prepared focused on answering the statement of the problem.

What are the factors affecting the academic performance in computer system

servicing during COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of?

1.1 CSS skills

1.2 Classroom activities

1.3 Practicum

The survey would be disseminated among the participants and has 15 questions.
Data collection procedure

BEFORE

1. The researchers will prepare the letter of request seeking permission from the

principal to conduct the survey within the campus specifically in Grade 11 and

Grade 12 curriculum.

2.The researcher will select participants from Grade 11 and Grade 12 curriculum.

3. Prepare the research instruments.

4. Determine the sample size and corresponding per group if applicable.

DURING

1. Researcher will disseminate the questionnaire to the participants as the

respondents of the study.

2. The respondents will answer the questionnaire at the given time.

3. Clear the instructions provided to the respondents.

4. Clear or gather or take notes of the responses.

AFTER

1. Summarize the data gathered and in tabular form.

2. Analyze the summarize data corresponding to the research question.

3. Lastly, the researcher will collect the questionnaire at the end of the given time

and consolidate all the data in preparation of data analysis.

Reference

Abdallah Moubayed, Mohammadnoor Injadat, Abdallah Shami & Hanan

Lutfiyya (2020) Student

Engagement Level in an e-Learning Environment: Clustering Using K-

means, American Journal of Distance Education, 34:2, 137-

156, DOI: 10.1080/08923647.2020.1696140

Alsoud, A. R., & Harasis, A. A. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on

Student’s E-

Learning Experience in Jordan. Journal of Theoretical and Applied

Electronic Commerce Research, 16(5), 1404–1414.

https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16050079
Anders Skretting, Tor-Morten Grønli, "Baseline for Performance Prediction of

Android

Applications", 2020 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data),

pp.3304-3310, 2020.

Bidad, W.D 3. (2021) The state of ICT integration in the school learning system in

senior

High Schools, General Santos Philippines

https://journals.sapienzaeditorial.com/index.php/SIJIS/article/view/114

Buabeng-Andoh, C. (2012). Factors Influencing Teachers’ Adoption and

Integration of

Information and Communication Technology into Teaching: A Review of

the Literature. International Journal of Education and Development using

Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 8, 136-155.

Caporuscio, M., Flammini, F., Khakpour, N., Singh, P., & Thornadtsson, J.

(2020). Smart-

troubleshooting connected devices: Concept, challenges and

opportunities. Future Generation Computer Systems, 111, 681-697.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.09.004

Chochliouros, Ioannis P. Hellenic Telecommunications Organization (OTE) S.A.,

15124
Gray J, and D. P. Siewiorek, "High-availability computer systems," in Computer,

vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 39-48, Sept. 1991, doi: 10.1109/2.84898.

Maroussi A., Greece, 21st International Conference on Circuits, Systems,

Communications and

Computers (CSCC 2017) [email protected]

Hansen, J., Genschow O., 29 September 2022 Academic Performance

of ICT students

https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/spc3.12564

Huff, N., Alba Hernandez, J., Fecteau, M., Zielinski, D., Brady, R., & LaBar, K. S.

(2011).

Revealing Context-Specific Conditioned Fear Memories with Full

Immersion Virtual Reality. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 5.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00075

Indrinal, J C. "Senior High School Students’ Awareness and Literacy on

Computer

Software Applications." International Journal of Educational Management

and Development Studies, vol. 3, no. 1, Mar. 2022, pp. 39-51.

Krebs, T, Hotz, L, G¨unter, A. LKI, Fachbereich Informatik, Universit¨at Hamburg

https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/76749575/krebs-libre.pdf?

1639832682=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename

%3DKnowledge_based_Configuration_for_Config.pdf&Expires=