Part A - General

Rule 1

Application

(a) These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high
seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by
seagoing vessels.

(b) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere in the operation of

special rules made by an appropriate authority for
roadsteads, harbors, rivers, lakes or inland waterways
connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing
vessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as
possible to these Rules.

(c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of

any special rules made by the Government of any State with
respect to additional station or signal lights or shapes or whistle
signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy,
or with respect to additional station or signal lights for fishing
vessels fishing as a fleet. These additional station or signal
lights or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, be such that
they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape, or signal
authorized elsewhere under these Rules.

(d) Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by

the Organization for the purpose of these Rules.

(e) Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined

that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply
fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to
number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as
well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signaling
appliances, such vessel shall comply with such other provisions
in regard to number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or
shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of
sound-signaling appliances, as her Government shall have
determined to be the closest possible compliance with these
Rules in respect to that vessel.

Rule 2

Responsibility

(a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the

owner, master, or crew thereof, from the consequences of
any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of
any precaution which may be required by the ordinary
practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the
case.
(b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard
shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any
special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels
involved, which may make a departure from these Rules
necessary to avoid immediate danger.

Rule 3

General Definitions

For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context

otherwise requires:

(a) The word "vessel" includes every description of

watercraft, including non-displacement craft and seaplanes,
used or capable of being used as a means of transportation
on water.

(b) The term "power driven vessel" means any vessel

propelled by machinery.

(c) The term "sailing vessel" means any vessel under sail
provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being
used.

(d) The term "vessel engaged in fishing" means any vessel

fishing with nets, lines, trawls, or other fishing apparatus which
restrict maneuverability, but does not include a vessel fishing
with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not
restrict manageability.

(e) The term "seaplane" includes any aircraft designed

to maneuver on the water.

(f) The term "vessel not under command" means a vessel

which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to
maneuver as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to
keep out of the way of another vessel.

(g) The term "vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver" means

a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her
ability to maneuver as required by these Rules and is therefore
unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.

The term "vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver" shall

include but not be limited to:

(i) A vessel engaged in laying, servicing, or

picking up a navigational mark, submarine cable
or pipeline;
 (ii) A vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or
underwater operations;

(iii) A vessel engaged in replenishment or

transferring persons, provisions or cargo while
underway;

(iv) A vessel engaged in the launching or

recovery of aircraft;

(v) A vessel engaged in mineclearance operations;

(vi) A vessel engaged in a towing operation such

as severely restricts the towing vessel and her
tow in their ability to deviate from their course.

(h) The term "vessel constrained by her draft" means a

power driven vessel which because of her draft in relation to
the available depth and width of navigable water is severely
restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is
following.

(i) The word "underway" means a vessel is not at anchor,

or made fast to the shore, or aground.

(j) The words "length" and "breadth" of a vessel mean her

length overall and greatest breadth.

(k) Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only

when one can be observed visually from the other.

(l) The term "restricted visibility" means any condition in which

visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy
rainstorms, sandstorms and any other similar causes.

Part B - Steering and Sailing Rules

Section I - Conduct of Vessels in any Condition of Visibility

Rule 4

Application

Rules in this section apply to any condition of visibility.

Rule 5

Look-out
Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by
sight as well as by hearing as well as by all available means
appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so
as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of
collision.

Rule 6

Safe Speed

Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that

she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and
be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing
circumstances and conditions.

In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among

those taken into account:

(a) By all vessels:

(i) The state of visibility;

(ii) The traffic density including concentrations

of fishing vessels or any other vessels;

(iii) The manageability of the vessel with special

reference to stopping distance and turning ability
in the prevailing conditions;

(iv) At night the presence of background light

such as from shore lights or from back scatter
from her own lights;

(v) The state of wind, sea and current, and the

proximity of navigational hazards;

(vi) The draft in relation to the available depth of

water.

(b) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar:

(i) The characteristics, efficiency and limitations

of the radar equipment;

(ii) Any constrains imposed by the radar

range scale in use;

(iii) The effect on radar detection of the sea state,

weather and other sources of interference;
 (iv) The possibility that small vessels, ice and other
floating objects may not be detected by radar at an
adequate range;

(v) The number location and movement of

vessels detected by radar;

(vi) The more exact assessment of the visibility

that may be possible when radar is used to
determine the range of vessels or other objects
in the vicinity.

Rule 7

Risk of Collision

(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to

the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk
of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be
deemed to exist.

(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted

and operational, including long-range scanning to obtain
early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or
equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.

(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of

scanty information, especially scanty radar information.

(d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following

considerations shall be among those taken into
account:

(i) Such risk shall be deemed to exist if the

compass bearing of an approaching vessel does
not appreciably change;

(ii) Such risk may sometimes exist even when an

appreciable bearing change is evident,
particularly when approaching a very large vessel
or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close
range.

Rule 8

Action to Avoid Collision

(a) Any action taken to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances

of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due
regard to the observance of good seamanship.
(b) Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall,
if the circumstances of the case admit be large enough to be
readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar;

a succession of small alterations of course and/or

speed shall be avoided.

(c) If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may

be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation
provided that it is made in good time, is substantial and does
not result in another close-quarters situation.

(d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be

such as to result in passing at a safe distance. The
effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the
other vessel is finally past and clear.

(e) If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to asses

the situation, a vessel may slacken her speed or take all way off
by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.

(f)

(i) A vessel which, by any of these rules, is

required not to impede the passage or safe
passage of another vessel shall when required by
the circumstances of the case, take early action
to allow sufficient sea room for the safe passage
of the other vessel.

(ii) A vessel required not to impede the passage or

safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of
this obligation if approaching the other vessel so
as to involve risk of collision and shall, when
taking action, have full regard to the action which
may be required by the rules of this part.

(iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to be

impeded remains fully obliged to comply with the
rules of this part when the two vessels are
approaching one another so as to involve risk of
collision.

Rule 9

Narrow Channels

(a) A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel

or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or
fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and
practicable.

(b) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length or a sailing

vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can
safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.

(c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of

any other vessel navigating within a narrow passage or
fairway.

(d) A vessel shall not cross a narrow passage or fairway if such

crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely
navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel
may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d) if in doubt
as to the intention of the crossing vessel.

(e)

(i) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking

can take place only when the vessel to be
overtaken has to take action to permit safe
passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall
indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate
signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(i). The vessel to be
overtaken shall, if in agreement, sound the
appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii) and
take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she
may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).

(ii) This rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel

of her obligation under Rule 13.

(f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or

fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an
intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness
and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed
in Rule 34(e).

(g) Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit,

avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.

Rule 10

Traffic Separation Schemes

(a) This rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by

the Organization and does not relieve any vessel of her
obligation under any other rule.

(b) A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:

 (i) Proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in
the general direction of traffic flow for that
lane.

(ii) So far as is practicable keep clear of a

traffic separation line or separation zone.

(iii) Normally join or leave a traffic lane at the

termination of the lane, but when joining or
leaving from either side shall do so at as small an
angle to the general direction of traffic flow as
practicable.

(c) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid crossing traffic

lanes, but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as
nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of
traffic flow.

(d)

(i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone

when she can safely use the appropriate traffic
lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme.
However, vessels of less than 20 meters in length,
sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may
use the inshore traffic zone.

(ii) Notwithstanding subparagraph (d)(i), a vessel

may use an inshore traffic Zone when en route to
or from a port, offshore installation or structure,
pilot station or any other place situated within the
inshore traffic zone, or to avoid immediate
danger.

(e) A vessel, other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining

or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or
cross a separation line except:

(i) in cases of emergency to avoid immediate

danger;

(ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone.

(f) A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of

traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.

(g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a

traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations.

(h) A vessel not using a traffic separating scheme shall avoid

it by as wide a margin as is practicable.
 (i) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage
of any vessel following a traffic lane.

(j) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length or a sailing

vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a power driven
vessel following a traffic lane.

(k) A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver when

engaged in an operation for the maintenance of safety of
navigation in a traffic separating scheme is exempted from
complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out
the operation.

(l) A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver when engaged

in an operation for the laying, servicing or picking up a
submarine cable, within a traffic separating scheme, is
exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent
necessary to carry out the operation.

Section II - Conduct of Vessels in Sight of One Another

Rule 11

Application

Rules in this section apply to vessels in sight of one another.

Rule 12

Sailing Vessels

(a) when two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so

as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the
way of the other as follows:

(i) when each of them has the wind on a

different side, the vessel which has the wind on
the port side shall keep out of the way of the
other;

(ii) When both have the wind on the same side, the
vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the
way of the vessel which is to leeward;

(iii) if the vessel with the wind on the port side sees
a vessel to windward and cannot determine with
certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on
the port or the starboard side, she shall keep out
of the way of the other.

(b) For the purposes of this Rule the windward side shall be
deemed to be the side opposite that on which the mainsail
is
carried or, in the case of a square rigged vessel, the side
opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried.

Rule 13

Overtaking

(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Part B,

Sections I and II, any vessel overtaking any other shall keep
out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.

(b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up

with a another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees
abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the
vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see
only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights.

(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is

overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case
and act accordingly.

(d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two

vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel
within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the duty of
keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past
and clear.

Rule 14

Head-on Situation

(a) When two power driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or

nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each
shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on
the port side of the other.

(b) Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel

sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she could
see the masthead lights in line or nearly in line and/or both
sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect
of the other vessel.

(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation

exists she shall assume that it does exist and act accordingly.

Rule 15

Crossing Situation
When two power driven vessels are crossing so as to involve
risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own
starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if the
circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the
other vessel.

Rule 16

Action by Give-way Vessel

Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another

vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial
action to keep well clear.

Rule 17

Action by Stand-on Vessel

(a)

(i) Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the

way of the other shall keep her course and
speed.

(ii) The latter vessel may however take action to

avoid collision by her maneuver alone, as soon as
it becomes apparent to her that the vessel
required to keep out of the way is not taking
appropriate action in accordance with these Rules.

(b) When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep her
course and speed finds herself so close that collision cannot
be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone, she
shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision.

(c) A power driven vessel which takes action in a crossing

situation in accordance with subparagraph (a)(ii) of this Rule
to avoid collision with another power driven vessel shall, if the
circumstances of the case admit, not alter course to port for a
vessel on her own port side.

(d) This Rule does not relieve the give-way vessel of her
obligation to keep out of the way.

Rule 18

Responsibilities Between Vessels

Except where rule 9, 10, and 13 otherwise require:

(a) A power driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:
 (i) a vessel not under command;

(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to

maneuver; (iii)a vessel engaged in fishing;

(iv)a sailing vessel;

(b) A sailing vessel under way shall keep out of the way

of: (i)a vessel not under command;

(ii)a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver;

(iii)a vessel engaged in fishing;

(c) A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far

as possible, keep out of the way of:

(i) a vessel not under command;

(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver.

(d)

(i) Any vessel other than a vessel not under

command or a vessel restricted in her ability to
maneuver shall, if the circumstances of the
case admit, avoid impeding the safe passage of
a vessel constrained by her draft, exhibiting the
signals in Rule 28.

(ii) A vessel constrained by her draft shall navigate

with particular caution having full regard to her
special condition.

(e) A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well clear of

all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation. In
circumstances, however, where risk of collision exists, she shall
comply with the Rules of this Part.

Section III - Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility

Rule 19

Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility

(a) This rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when
navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility.
 (b) Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the
prevailing circumstances and condition of restricted visibility. A
power driven vessel shall have her engines ready for immediate
maneuver.

(c) Every vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing

circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility
when complying with the Rules of Section I of this Part.

(d) A vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of

another vessel shall determine if a close-quarters situation is
developing and/or risk of collision exists. If so, she shall take
avoiding action in ample time, provided that when such
action consists of an alteration in course, so far as possible
the following shall be avoided:

(i) An alteration of course to port for a vessel

forward of the beam, other than for a vessel
being overtaken;

(ii) An alteration of course toward a vessel abeam

or abaft the beam.

(e) Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision

does not exist, every vessel which hears apparently forward of
her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot
avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of
her beam, shall reduce her speed to be the minimum at which
she can be kept on her course. She shall if necessary take all
her way off and in any event navigate with extreme caution until
danger of collision is over.

Part C - Lights and Shapes

Rule 20

Application

(a) Rules in this part shall be complied with in all weathers.

(b) The Rules concerning lights shall be complied with from

sunset to sunrise, and during such times no other lights shall
be exhibited, except such lights which cannot be mistaken for
the lights specified in these Rules or do not impair their visibility
or distinctive character, or interfere with the keeping of a proper
look-out.

(c) The lights prescribed by these rules shall, if carried, also

be exhibited from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility and
may
be exhibited in all other circumstances when it is deemed
necessary.

(d) The Rules concerning shapes shall be complied with by day.

(e) The lights and shapes specified in these Rules shall

comply with the provisions of Annex I to these Regulations.

Rule 21

Definitions

(a) "Masthead light" means a white light placed over the fore
and aft centerline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over
an arc of horizon of 225 degrees and so fixed as to show the
light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on either
side of the vessel.

(b) "Sidelights" means a green light on the starboard side and

a red light on the port side each showing an unbroken light
over an arc of horizon of 112.5 degrees and so fixed as to
show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam
on the respective side. In a vessel of less than 20 meters in
length the sidelights may be combined in one lantern carried
on the fore and aft centerline of the vessel.

(c) "Sternlight", means a white light placed as nearly as

practicable at the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of
horizon of 135 degrees and so fixed as to show the light 67.5
degrees from right aft on each side of the vessel.

(d) "Towing light" means a yellow light having the same

characteristics as the "sternlight" defined in paragraph (c) of this
Rule.

(e) "All round light" means a light showing an unbroken light

over an arc of horizon of 360 degrees.

(f) "Flashing light" means a light flashing at regular intervals at

a frequency of 120 flashes or more per minute.

Rule 22

Visibility of Lights

The lights prescribed in these Rules shall have an intensity as

specified in Section 8 of Annex I to these Regulations so as
to be visible at the following minimum ranges:

(a) In vessels of 50 meters or more in length:

 a masthead light, 6 miles;
a sidelight, 3 miles;
a towing light, 3 miles;
a white red, green or yellow all-around light, 3
miles.

(b) In vessels of 12 meters or more in length but less than

50 meters in length;

a masthead light, 5 miles; except that where the

length of the vessel is less than 20 meters, 3 miles;
a sidelight, 2 miles;
a sternlight, 2 miles, A towing light, 2 miles;
a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2
miles.

(c) In vessels of less than 12 meters in

length: a masthead light, 2 miles;

a sidelight, 1 miles;
a towing light, 2 miles;
a white red, green or yellow all-around light, 2
miles.

(d) In inconspicuous, partly submerged vessels or objects

being towed;

a white all-round light; 3 miles.

Rule 23

power driven Vessels Underway

(a) A power driven vessel underway shall exhibit:

(i) a masthead light forward;

(ii) a second masthead light abaft of and

higher than the forward one;

except that a vessel of less than 50 meters in

length shall not be obliged to exhibit such a light
but may do so;

(iii) sidelights: and

(iv) a sternlight.
(b) An air-cushion vessel when operating in non-displacement
mode shall, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph
(a) of this Rule, exhibit an all-round flashing yellow light.

(c)

(i) A power driven vessel of less than 12 meters

in length may in lieu of the lights prescribed in
paragraph (a) of this Rule exhibit an all-round
white light and sidelights.

(ii) a power driven vessel of less than 7 meters in

length whose maximum speed does not exceed
7 knots may in lieu of the lights prescribed in
paragraph (a) of this Rule exhibit an all-round
white light and shall, if practicable, also exhibit
sidelights.

(iii) the masthead light or all-round white light on a

power driven vessel of less than 12 meters in
length may be displaced from the fore and aft
centerline of the vessel if centerline fitting is not
practicable, provided the sidelights are combined
in one lantern which shall be carried on the fore
and aft centerline of the vessel or located as
nearly as practicable in the same fore and aft line
as the masthead light or all-round white light.

Rule 24

Towing and Pushing

(a) A power driven vessel when towing shall exhibit:

(i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a)(i)

or (a)(ii), two masthead lights in a vertical line.
When the length of the tow measuring from the
stern of the towing vessel to the after end of the
tow exceeds 200 meters, three such lights in a
vertical line;

(ii) sidelights;

(iii) a sternlight;

(iv) a towing light in a vertical line above the

sternlight;

and
 (v) when the length of the tow exceeds 200
meters, a diamond shape where it can best
be seen.

(b) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead

are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be
regarded as a power driven vessel and exhibit the lights
prescribed in Rule 23.

(c) A power driven vessel when pushing ahead or towing

alongside, except in the case of a composite unit, shall
exhibit:

(i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a)(i)

or (a)(ii), two masthead lights in a vertical line.
When the length of the tow measuring from the
stern of the towing vessel to the after end of the
tow exceeds 200 meters, three such lights in a
vertical line;

(ii) sidelights;

(iii) a sternlight.

(d) A power driven vessel to which paragraph (a) or (c) of

this Rule apply shall also comply with rule 23(a)(ii).

(e) A vessel or object being towed, other than those

mentioned in paragraph (g) of this Rule, shall exhibit:

(i) sidelights;

(ii) a sternlight;

(iii) when the length of the tow exceeds 200

meters, a diamond shape where it can best
be seen.

(f) Provided that any number of vessels being towed

alongside or pushed in a group shall be lighted as one vessel,

(i) a vessel being pushed ahead, not being part

of a composite unit, shall exhibit at the forward
end, sidelights;

(ii) a vessel being towed alongside shall exhibit a

sternlight and at the forward end, sidelights.

(g) An inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object,

or combination of such vessels or objects being towed,
shall exhibit:
 (i) if it is less than 25 meters in breadth, one all-
round white light at or near the front end and one
at or near the after end except that dracones
need not exhibit a light at or near the forward end;

(ii) if it is 25 meters or more in breadth, two or

more additional all-round white lights at or near the
extremities of its breadth;

(iii) if it exceeds 100 meters in length, additional

all-round white lights between the lights prescribed
in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) so that the distance
between the lights shall not exceed 100 meters.;

(iv) a diamond shape at or near the aftermost

extremity of the last vessel or object being towed
and if the length of the tow exceeds 200 meters
an additional diamond shape where it can best be
seen and located as far forward as is practicable.

(h) When from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a

vessel or object being towed to exhibit the lights or shapes
prescribed in paragraph (e) or (g) of this Rule, all possible
measures shall be taken to light the vessel or object being
towed or at least indicate the presence of such vessel or object.

(i) Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a

vessel not normally engaged in towing operations to display the
lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (c) of this Rule, such
vessel shall not be required to exhibit those lights when
engaged in towing another vessel in distress or otherwise in
need of assistance. All possible measures shall be taken to
indicate the nature of the relationship between the towing
vessel and the vessel being towed as authorized by Rule 36, in
particular by illuminating the towline.

Rule 25

Sailing Vessels Underway and Vessels Under Oars

(a) a sailing vessel underway shall exhibit:

(i) sidelights;

(ii) a sternlight.

(b) In a sailing vessel of less than 20 meters in length the lights

prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule may be combined in
one lantern carried at or near the top of the mast where it can
best be seen.
(c) A sailing vessel underway may, in addition to the lights
prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit at or near the
top of the mast, where they can best be seen, two all-round
lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower
Green, but these lights shall not be exhibited in conjunction with
the combined lantern permitted by paragraph (b) of this Rule.

(d)

(i) A sailing vessel of less than 7 meters in length

shall, if practicable, exhibit the lights prescribed in
paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule, but if she does
not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch
or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall
be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.

(ii) A vessel under oars may exhibit the lights

prescribed in this rule for sailing vessels, but if she
does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric
torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which
shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent
collision.

(e) A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled

by machinery shall exhibit forward where it can best be seen a
conical shape, apex downwards.

Rule 26

Fishing Vessels

(a) A vessel engaged in fishing, whether underway or at

anchor, shall exhibit only the lights and shapes prescribed by
this rule.

(b) A vessel when engaged in trawling, by which is meant the

dragging through the water of a dredge net or other apparatus
used as a fishing appliance, shall exhibit;

(i) two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper

being green and the lower white, or a shape
consisting of two cones with their apexes together
in a vertical line one above the other; a vessel of
less than 20 meters in length may instead of this
shape exhibit a basket;

(ii) a masthead light abaft of and higher than the

all-round green light; a vessel of less than 50
meters in length shall not be obliged to exhibit
such a light but may do so;
 (iii) when making way through the water, in
addition to the lights prescribed in this
paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.

(c) A vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, shall exhibit:

(i) two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper

being red and the lower white, or a shape
consisting of two cones with their apexes together
in a vertical line one above the other; a vessel of
less than 20 meters in length may instead of this
shape exhibit a basket;

(ii) when there is outlying gear extending more

than 150 meters horizontally from the vessel, an
all- round white light or a cone apex upwards in
the direction of the gear.

(iii) when making way through the water, in

addition to the lights prescribed in this
paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.

(d) A vessel engaged in fishing in close proximity to other

vessels engaged in fishing may exhibit the additional
signals described in Annex II to these Regulations.

(e) A vessel when not engaged in fishing shall not exhibit

the lights or shapes prescribed in this Rule, but only those
prescribed for a vessel of her length.

Rule 27

Vessels Not Under Command or Restricted in Their Ability to Maneuver

(a) A vessel not under command shall exhibit:

(i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line where

they can best be seen;

(ii) two balls or similar shapes in a vertical line

where they can best be seen;

(iii) when making way through the water, in

addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph,
sidelights and a sternlight.

(b) A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver, except a vessel

engaged in mineclearance operations, shall exhibit:
 (i) three all-round lights in a vertical line where they
can best be seen. The highest and lowest of these
lights shall be red and the middle light shall be
white;

(ii) three shapes in a vertical line where they can

best be seen. The highest and lowest of these
shapes shall be balls and the middle one a
diamond.

(iii) when making way through the water, a

masthead light, sidelights and a sternlight in
addition to the lights prescribed in
subparagraph (i);

(iv) when at anchor, in addition to the lights or

shapes prescribed in subparagraphs(i) and (ii), the
light, lights, or shape prescribed in Rule 30.

(c) A power driven vessel engaged in a towing operation such

as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability
to deviate from their course shall, in addition to the lights or
shapes prescribed in Rule 24(a), exhibit the lights or shapes
prescribed in subparagraph (b)(i) and (ii) of this Rule.

(d) A vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations,

when restricted in her ability to maneuver, shall exhibit the lights
and shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (b)(i),(ii) and (iii) of
this Rule and shall in addition when an obstruction exists,
exhibit:

(i) two all-round red lights or two balls in a vertical

line to indicate the side on which the obstruction
exists;

(ii) two all-round green lights or two diamonds in a

vertical line to indicate the side on which another
vessel may pass;

(iii) when at anchor, the lights or shapes prescribed

in this paragraph instead of the lights or shapes
prescribed in Rule 30.

(e) Whenever the size of a vessel engaged in diving operations

makes it impracticable to exhibit all lights and shapes
prescribed in paragraph (d) of this Rule, the following shall be
exhibited:

(i) Three all-round lights in a vertical line where

they can best be seen. The highest and lowest of
these lights shall be red and the middle light
shall be white;
 (ii) a rigid replica of the code flag "A" not less than
1 meter in height. Measures shall be taken to
ensure its all-round visibility.

(f) A vessel engaged in mineclearance operations shall in

addition to the lights prescribed for a power driven vessel in
Rule 23 or to the light or shape prescribed for a vessel at anchor
in Rule 30 as appropriate, exhibit three all-round green lights or
three balls. One of these lights or shapes shall be exhibited near
the foremast head and one at each end of the fore yard. These
lights or shapes indicate that it is dangerous for another vessel
to approach within 1000 meters of the mineclearance vessel.

(g) Vessels of less than 12 meters in length, except those

engaged in diving operations, shall not be required to exhibit
the lights prescribed in this Rule.

(h) The signals prescribed in this Rule are not signals of vessels
in distress and requiring assistance. Such signals are contained
in Annex IV to these Regulations.

Rule 28

Vessels Constrained by their Draft

A vessel constrained by her draft may, in addition to the lights

prescribed for power driven vessels in Rule 23, exhibit where
they can best be seen three all-round red lights in a vertical line,
or a cylinder.

Rule 29

Pilot Vessels

(a) A vessel engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit:

(i) at or near the masthead, two all-round lights in a

vertical line, the upper being white and the lower
red;

(ii) when underway, in addition, sidelights and

a sternlight;

(iii) when at anchor, in addition to the lights

prescribed in subparagraph (i), the light, lights, or
shape prescribed in Rule 30 for vessels at anchor.

(b) A pilot vessel when not engaged on pilotage duty shall

exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed for a similar vessel of
her length.
 Rule 30

Anchored Vessels and Vessels Aground

(a) A vessel at anchor shall exhibit where it can best be seen:

(i) in the fore part, an all-round white light or one

ball;

(ii) at or near the stern and at a lower level than the

light prescribed in subparagraph (i), an all-round
white light.

(b) A vessel of less than 50 meters in length may exhibit an all-

round white light where it can best be seen instead of the
lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule.

(c) A vessel at anchor may, and a vessel of 100 meters and

more in length shall, also use the available working or
equivalent lights to illuminate her decks.

(d) A vessel aground shall exhibit the lights prescribed in

paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule and in addition, where they
can best be seen;

(i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line;

(ii) three balls in a vertical line.

(e) A vessel of less than 7 meters in length, when at anchor not

in or near a narrow channel, fairway or where other vessels
normally navigate, shall not be required to exhibit the shape
prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Rule.

(f) A vessel of less than 12 meters in length, when aground,

shall not be required to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed
in subparagraphs (d)(i) and (ii) of this Rule.

Rule 31

Seaplanes

Where it is impracticable for a seaplane to exhibit lights or

shapes of the characteristics or in the positions prescribed in the
Rules of this Part she shall exhibit lights and shapes as closely
similar in characteristics and position as is possible.

Part D - Sound and Light Signals

Rule 32
 Definitions

(a) The word "whistle" means any sound signaling appliance

capable of producing the prescribed blasts and which
complies with the specifications in Annex III to these
Regulations.

(b) The term "short blast" means a blast of about one

second's duration.

(c) The term "prolonged blast" means a blast from four to six
seconds' duration.

Rule 33

Equipment for Sound Signals

(a) A vessel of 12 meters or more in length shall be provided

with a whistle and a bell and a vessel of 100 meters or more in
length shall, in addition be provided with a gong, the tone and
sound of which cannot be confused with that of the bell. The
whistle, bell and gong shall comply with the specifications in
Annex III to these Regulations. The bell or gong or both may be
replaced by other equipment having the same respective sound
characteristics, provided that manual sounding of the
prescribed signals shall always be possible.

(b) A vessel of less than 12 meters in length shall not be obliged

to carry the sound signaling appliances prescribed in paragraph
(a) of this Rule but if she does not, she shall be provided with
some other means of making an efficient signal.

Rule 34

Maneuvering and Warning

Signals

(a) When vessels are in sight of one another, a power driven

vessel under way, when maneuvering as authorized or
required by these Rules, shall indicate that maneuver by the
following signals on her whistle:

one short blast to mean "I am altering my course to

starboard";

two short blasts to mean "I am altering my course

to port";

three short blasts to mean "I am operating astern

propulsion".
(b) Any vessel may supplement the whistle signals prescribed
in paragraph (a) of this Rule by light signals, repeated as
appropriate, whilst the maneuver is being carried out:

(i) these signals shall have the

following significance:

one flash to mean "I am altering my

course to starboard";

two flashes to mean "I am altering

my course to port";

three flashes to mean "I am

operating astern propulsion".

(ii) the duration of each flash shall be about one

second, the interval between flashes shall be
about one second, and the interval between
successive signals shall not be less than ten
seconds.

(iii) the light used for this signal shall, if fitted, be an

all-round white light, visible at a minimum range of
5 miles, and shall comply with the provisions of
Annex I to these Regulations.

(c) When in sight of one another in a narrow channel or fairway:

(i) a vessel intending to overtake another shall in

compliance with Rule 9 (e)(i) indicate her
intention by the following signals on her whistle.

two prolonged blasts followed by one

short blast to mean "I intend to
overtake you on your starboard side";

two prolonged blasts followed by two

short blasts to mean "I intend to
overtake you on your port side".

(ii) the vessel about to be overtaken when acting

in accordance with 9(e)(i) shall indicate her
agreement by the following signal on her whistle:

one prolonged, one short, one

prolonged and one short blast, in that
order.
(d) When vessels in sight of one another are approaching each
other and from any cause either vessel fails to understand the
intentions or actions of the other, or is in doubt whether
sufficient action is being taken by the other to avoid collision, the
vessel in doubt shall immediately indicate such doubt by giving
at least five short and rapid blasts on the whistle. Such signal
may be supplemented by at least five short and rapid flashes.

(e) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a channel or fairway

where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening
obstruction shall sound one prolonged blast. Such signal shall
be answered with a prolonged blast by any approaching
vessel that may be within hearing around the bend or behind
the intervening obstruction.

(f) If whistles are fitted on a vessel at a distance apart of

more than 100 meters, one whistle only shall be used for
giving maneuvering and warning signals.

Rule 35

Sound Signals in Restricted Visibility

In or near an area of restricted visibility, whether by day or night

the signals prescribed in this Rule shall be used as follows:
(a) A power driven vessel making way through the water shall
sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged
blast.

(b) A power driven vessel underway but stopped and making no

way through the water shall sound at intervals of no more than
2 minutes two prolonged blasts in succession with an interval of
about 2 seconds between them.

(c) A vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her

ability to maneuver, a vessel constrained by her draft, a sailing
vessel, a vessel engaged in fishing and a vessel engaged in
towing or pushing another vessel shall, instead of the signals
prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule, sound at intervals
of not more than 2 minutes three blasts in succession, namely
one prolonged followed by two short blasts.

(d) A vessel engaged in fishing, when at anchor, and a vessel

restricted in her ability to maneuver when carrying out her
work at anchor, shall instead of the signals prescribed in
paragraph
(g) of this Rule sound the signal prescribed in paragraph (c) of
this Rule.

(e) A vessel towed or if more than one vessel is being towed

the last vessel of the tow, if manned, shall at intervals of not
more
than 2 minutes sound four blasts in succession, namely one
prolonged followed by three short blasts. When practicable, this
signal shall be made immediately after the signal made by the
towing vessel.

(f) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are
rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a
power driven vessel and shall give the signals prescribed in
paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule.

(g) A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than 1

minute ring the bell rapidly for five seconds. In a vessel 100
meters or more in length the bell shall be sounded in the
forepart of the vessel and immediately after the ringing of the
bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the
after part of the vessel. A vessel at anchor may in addition
sound three blasts in succession, namely one short, one long
and one short blast, to give warning of her position and of the
possibility of collision to an approaching vessel.

(h) A vessel aground shall give the bell signal and if required
the gong signal prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule and
shall, in addition, give three separate and distinct strokes on the
bell immediately before and after the rapid ringing of the bell. A
vessel aground may in addition sound an appropriate whistle
signal.

(i) A vessel of less than 12 meters in length shall not be

obliged to give the above mentioned signals but, if she does
not, shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of
not more than 2 minutes.

(j) A pilotage vessel when engaged on pilotage duty may in

addition to the signals prescribed in paragraph (a), (b) or (g) of
this Rule sound an identity signal consisting of four short blasts.

Rule 36

Signals to Attract Attention

If necessary to attract the attention of another vessel, any vessel

may make light or sound signals that cannot be mistaken for any
signal authorized elsewhere in these Rules, or may direct the
beam of her searchlight in the direction of the danger, in such a
way as not to embarrass any vessel Any light to attract the
attention of another vessel shall be such that it cannot be
mistaken for any aid to navigation. For the purpose of this Rule
the use of high intensity intermittent or revolving lights, such as
strobe lights, shall be avoided.
 Rule 37

Distress Signals

When a vessel is in distress and requires assistance she shall

use or exhibit the signals described in Annex IV to these
Regulations.

Part E - Exemptions

Rule 38

Exemptions

Any vessel (or class of vessel) provided that she complies with
the requirements of the International Regulations for the
Preventing of Collisions at Sea, 1960, the keel of which is laid or
is at a corresponding stage of construction before the entry into
force of these Regulations may be exempted from compliance
therewith as follows:
(a) The installation of lights with ranges prescribed in Rule
22, until 4 years after the date of entry into force of these
regulations.

(b) The installation of lights with color specifications as

prescribed in Section 7 of Annex I to these Regulations, until
4 years after the entry into force of these Regulations.

(c) The repositioning of lights as a result of conversion from

Imperial to metric units and rounding off measurement
figures, permanent exemption.

(d)

(i) The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels

of less than 150 meters in length, resulting from
the prescriptions of Section 3 (a) of Annex I to
these regulations, permanent exemption.

(ii). The repositioning of masthead lights on

vessels of 150 meters or more in length, resulting
from the prescriptions of Section 3 (a) of Annex I
to these regulations, until 9 years after the date of
entry into force of these Regulations.

(e) The repositioning of masthead lights resulting from the

prescriptions of Section 2(b) of Annex I to these
Regulations, until 9 years after the date of entry into force of
these Regulations.
(f) The repositioning of sidelights resulting from the prescriptions
of Section 2(g) and 3(b) of Annex I to these Regulations, until 9
years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations.

(g) The requirements for sound signal appliances prescribed in

Annex II to these Regulations, until 9 years after the date of
entry into force of these Regulations.

(h) The repositioning of all-round lights resulting from the

prescription of Section 9(b) of Annex I to these
Regulations, permanent exemption.