UNIT-1: NATIONAL CADET CORPS Content Comprehension Analysis, Synthesis Evaluation ‘Aims and ‘Togain an insight | Toexplorethe | To appreciate the | Worksheets, objectives of NCC | intotheaims and | importance of —_ spirit of comprehension objectives of NCC. | NCCin nation | patriotism inthe | questions, building, organization. discussion and activities. Organization, | Understand the | Assess the Toappreciate the | Worksheets, training andthe | organizational _ different systematic comprehension NCC Song. hierarchy of NCC. | functional bodies | organizational | questions, Thefeeling of | a¥d theirrolesin | structure of NCC. discussion and patriotism for __ | th€ organization activities motherland is evoked by the NCC song ‘Hum sab bharatiya hai Incentives Acquire Compare the Appreciate the | Worksheets, knowledge about | state-wise efforts of the comprehension the incentives | incentives. individual states | questions, offered by topromote NCC. | discussion and different states in activities. India. 1 O0O000 ©0002 O00080OQOO0O0 OOOO] O00080 The National Cadet Corps During the First World War, Britain formed the University Corps with the aim of putting in place a second line of defence and also to create a large pool of trained youth available for entering the ‘Armed Forces. The NCC, in India, was conceptualised and raised before independence, mainly with the aim of grooming the youth-boys and girls-nurturing them and channelising their energy towards nation building, by making them responsible citizens After independence, the present day NCC came into existence on April 16, 1948, through XXXI Act of Parliament. NCC was formally inaugurated on July 15, 1948. The Girls Division of the NCC was raised in July 1949. On April 1, 1950, the Air Wing was raised, with one Air squadron each in Bombay and Kolkata. The Naval Wing of the NCC was raised in July 1952, completing the true representation of all services in the Corps. ‘Today, the NCC has an enrolled strength of more than 13 lakh cadets and it basically comprises two divisions of all the three Services, i. e, the Senior Division (Senior Wing for men and women from colleges) and the Junior Division (Junior Wing for boys and girls from schools). The motto of NCC is ‘Unity and Discipline’ 1. Aims of the NCC ‘The aims are broadly three fold:- LL To develop the following qualities in the cadets ) Character ii) Comradeship iil) Discipline Wi) Secular outlook ¥) Spirit ofadventure vi) Sportsmanship vil) Ideals of selfless service Il, To create a human resource of organised, trained and motivated youth to provide leadership in all walks of life, and always be available for the service of the nation. Ill. To provide a suitable environment to motivate the youth to take up a career in the Armed Forces.1.2. Objectives of the NCC Objectives are to: a) b) 9 4d) e) 8) h) ‘The NCC has come a long way, and as an organisation, it has assumed a very important place in the country in grooming the youth to be the leaders of tomorrow. It endeavours to meet all its objectives by bringing together the youth of the entire country by living up to its motto ‘Unity and Discipline’ 2, Organisation, Training and NCC song Reach out to the maximum number of youth through various institutions. Make NCC an important part of society. Develop positive thinking and attitude among youth, Be the main source of National Integration by making NCC as one of the greatest cohesive forces of our nation, irrespective of caste, creed, religion or region. Mould the youth into united, secular and disciplined citizens. Provide an ideal platform for the youth to showcase Rockelining their potential for nation building. Instil the spirit for secularism and unity by organising National integration Camps all over the country. Reach out to the youth of friendly foreign countries through Youth Exchange Programmes (YEP). cc Traning 3 O0O000 ©0002 O00080OOO0O0®™OOO02O0060080 t « awing Training ‘The NCC is a voluntary organization which is administered through the Ministry of Defence, The Defence Secretary has the overall charge and responsible for the efficient functioning of the NCC. At the Headquarters of the Direction General, this, organization is headed by an officer of the rank of Lieutenant General, who is responsible for the functioning of the NC in the country. There are 17 Directorates located in the state capitals, each headed by an officer of the rank of a Major General/Brigadier or equivalent from the three Services. Depending upon the size of the state and growth of NCC in the states, Directorates have up to 14 Group Headquarters under them through which, they exercise their command and control over the organisation in the state, Each group is headed by an officer of the rank of Brigadier/Colonel or equivalent, known as Group Commander. Each NCC Group Headquarters controls 5-7 NCC units/battalions, commanded by Colonel/ Lieutenant Colonel or equivalent. Each battalion consists of companies which are commanded, by the Associate NEC Ofcers (ANO) af he rank Se are 95 Group Headquarters in the country who exercise control over a network of 667 Army Wing Units (including technical and girls units), 60 Naval Wing Units and 61 Air Squadrons. There are two training establishments, namely, Officers Training School, Kamptee and Officers Training School, Gwalior where professors and teachers from colleges and schools are specially trained to impart training to the cadets as Associate NCC Officers (ANOs).Organisation and Structure of NCC HQDG Nec DG NCC (Lt Gen) 2xAAddl DGs (Maj. Gen. /Eqvl) and SxDy DGs(Brig/Eavi) 17 State Directorates ‘Army -12, Navy -02, AF~03 95 ~Gp HQs Army -85, Navy-04, AF-- 06 Air Force-61 Flying -50, Tech- 11 OTA Gwalior OTA Kamptee —— Navy- 60 Tech-1, Med - 1, Dock-1, Non Tech - 57 Army- 667 Inf 417, Girls-115, Armd-22, Arty-23, Sig-14, Engrs-13, Med-13,, Rand V-19, EME, Compo-23 O0O000 ©0002 O00080OQOO0O0 OOOO] O00080 2.1. NCC Staff a b) a 8) Regular officers are drawn from the three services. The NCC Directorates are headed by Service officers of the rank of Major Gen / Brigadier and equivalent; Group Headquarter and Units are headed by Service Officers of the rank of Brigadier / Colonel and equivalent. Whole Time Lady Officers (WTLO): A cadre of Whole Time Lady Officers (WTLO) with cadre strength of 110 officers has been sanctioned in 1995, They are commissioned partly _ through departmental channel and partly through UPSC in a phased manner. Associate NCC officers (ANO): ANOs are teachers or lecturers in the respective schools or colleges who volunteer to serve in the NCC. They are responsible for training and administration of the NCC sub-units attached to their schools/ colleges and for the overall discipline of the cadets placed under their charge. They are paid an honorarium for their service by the State Government. They are granted commission in NCC on a part- time basis. NCC Gin Cadets Girl Cadet Instructors (GCI): For training of Girl Cadets, a cadre of Girl Cadet Instructor (GCIs) was instituted in the sixties. This is a group post. The GCls look after the administration in the Gir] Battalions and also perform escort duties for Girl Cadets when they go for camps and adventure activities. In order to give them better promotional avenues, the cadre has recently been restructured into three grades viz. Grade I, Il and Ill instead of two grades. Permanent Instructional (PI) Staff; PI staff for the NCC consisting of Junior Commissioned Officers and Non-commissioned Officers for the Armed Forces are posted on tenure basis on Extra Regimental Employment. Civilian Gliding Instructors: CGls are posted to NCC Air Wing Squadrons. Their primary task is to train NCC cadets in flying Gliders. Civilian Staff.2.2. Training in NCC ‘Training in NCC in still qualities like nationalism, patriotism, discipline, team spirit, esprit-de-corps, leadership and self-confidence, promotes overall personality development. NCC gives a tremendous opportunity to cadets for their betterment, irrespective of caste, creed, religion or economic status. Based on the aims of NCC, the organisation has laid down training syllabi for the cadets. The syllabi for the Junior Division cadets cover a period of two years and for Senior Division cadets a period of three years. Except for minor variations, the syllabus for each Division is similar for both boy and girl cadets. The training year matches the academic and financial years. Importance of Training A good and structured training is the essential part of the NCC and hence it is given due importance. The corps has achieved success through its well regulated system of training which includes Basic, Advanced and Specialised training, with more stress on training camps. inter Training activities: ‘Training activities can be broadly classified as: a) Institutional Training: Training organised in schools and colleges such as a weekly/monthly parades. b) Camp Training: Formal training organized as camps of 10-12 days duration. ©) Attachment Training: Formal training organized by attachment with army/ naval/air force units or with officer training academies like IMA and OTA, Narion FinsT Eg an Pe rvs EEE “Atachmen Training O0O000 ©0002 O00080OQOO0OO™O©0O0O®2O00000 4) Naval Wing Activities: Seamanship, navigation, communication and Naval Warfare are taught to cadets. Swimming, scuba diving and wind surfing are other interesting activities. ©) Air Wing Activities: Airmanship, Aero modelling, Navigation, Air Frames, Aero- Engines and Microlite Flying, f) Remount and Veterinary Activities: This activity is primarily meant for horsemanship and riding. ‘Types of Camps a) Annual Training Camps (ATC): These are held within the state under the aegis of the respective NCC Directorates and are of 12 days duration for senior boys / girls, and 10 days for junior boys/gitls. b) Centrally Organised Camps (COC): These activities/camps are planned by HQ DGNCC in consultation with the Directorates nominated to conduct them. The centrally organized camps are:- (Leadership Camps (Basic and Advanced): These camps are conducted on an all India basis. Four Advanced Leadership Camps (ALC) and three Basic Leadership Camps are held each year. (i) Thal Sainik Camp (TSC): ‘Two TSCs are conducted at RD parade ground, Delhi Cantonments every year ie. one for SD/JD boys and the other for SW/JW girls. ‘raining Camps (iii) Vayu Sainik Camp (VSC): This centrally organized camp is organized for Air Wing Cadets. Cadets from all Directorates attend the camp. VSC is generally conducted in the month of October. (iv) Naw Sainik Camp (NSC): This centrally organized Naval Camp is conducted annually for selected Naval Wing Cadets. Boat pulling, regatta and sailing competitions are the main attractions of this camp. (©) Rock Climbing Camps: Rock climbing camps are held each year to expose the cadets to the basics of rock climbing and to inculcate the spirit of adventure. (vi) National integration Camps (NIC): The camps are conducted on an all India 8(vii) 4 ‘The offic 1974, the basis and help bridge the cultural gap among / cadets from different states of India. In addition, the NCC conducts NICs at remote and forward areas to promote national integration, Special NICs are conducted regularly at Leh, Srinagar, North Eastern Region and Port Blair. Republic Day Camp (RDC) and Prime Minister's (PM's) Rally: The Republic Day Camp is a prestigious camp inaugurated by the Vice President of India and visited by the Defence Minister, Chief Minister of Delhi, the three Service Chiefs and other dignitaries. During the Camp, a horse show and cultural programmes are held wherein important dignitaries are Chief Guests. The camp culminates in the Prime Minister's Rally on 27% January every year which showcases all the activities of NCC. Adventure Training and Sports: These include mountaineering, sailing, para-sailing, rafting, trekking, Valley of Flowers expedition, cycle expedition, desert safari, shooting and show-jumping activities, Youth Exchange Programme (YEP): In this, selected cadets are sent to friendly foreign countries for a 10-day visit. 2.3. NCC Song I song of the NCC - "Kadam Mila Ke Chal” was adopted in 1963, However need was felt for a more appropriate song to catch the imagination of the youth and portray the true feelings of NCC. The song was replaced by “Hum Sab Hindi Hain", whi ich kept playing during RDCs till the word ‘Hindi’ was replaced by ‘Bhartiya’ in 1980. The NCC song depicts the feelings of unity in diversity and exhorts everyone to ‘march towards the common goal. NCC as an organization has unified the youth, not only of our country but has made significant efforts to interact with the youths of other countries through YEPs, thus expanding the scope of its training and the ultimate goal of Unity. NCC Song Hum Sab Bhartiya Hain, Hum Sab Bhartiya Hain. Apni Manzil Ek Hai, Ha, Ha, Ha, Ek Hai, Ho, Ho, Ho, Ek Hai Hum Sab Bhartiya Hain Kashmir Ki Dharti Rani Hai, Sartaj Himalaya Hai, Sadiyon Se Hamne Isko Apne Khoon Se Pata Hai Desh Ki Raksha Ki Khatir, Hum Shamshir Utha Lenge, Hum Shamshir Utha Lenge, Bikhre ~Bikhre Tarey Hain Hum Lekin Jhilmil Ek Hai 9 O0O000 ©0002 O00080OQOO0O0 OOOO] O00080 Ha, Ha, Ha Ek Hain Hum Sab Bhartiya Hain Mandir Gurudware Bhi Hai Yahan Girija Ka hai Ghadiyal Kahin ‘Mullah Ki Kahin Hai Ajaan EK Hi Apna Ram Hai, Ek Hi AllahTaala Hat, EK Hi Allah Tala Hai, Rang Birange Deepak Hai Hum Lekin Jagmag Ek Hai, Ha, Ha, Ek Hai, Ho, Ho, Ho, Ek Hai Hum Sab Bhartiya Hain, Hum Sab Bhartiya Hain. Incentives for NCC Cadets Apart from grooming and preparing the youth for the future challenges in NCC, cadets are given various benefits in terms of job opportunities, scholarships and financial assistance in time of any tragedy while performing NCC related activities. These incentives, announced from time to time by the Central and State Governments, are in the field of employment as ‘well as academics and personal including medals, trophies, cash awards ete. A major incentive in form of vacancy reserved for ‘C’ certficate-holder cadets for the commission as an officer in the Indian army. 3.1 Incentives by the Central Government: Concession in Employment: a) For ‘C’ Certificate Holders: Specific vacancies in the Army, Air Force and Navy are reserved for NCC ‘C’ certificate holders. For officers there is no UPSC written exams. After application, the cadet is called directly for SSB interview, which he has to clear before final selection as per the merit list. The following vacancies are reserved by each service:- i) Army: 64 seats per year at IMA and 100 seats per year at OTA. ii) Navy: 06 seats per course through Naval SSB. fii) Air Force: 10% vacancies in all courses through Air Force SSB. b) 5-10% bonus marks for recruitment in ranks in the Army, Navy and Air force. ©) Bonus marks for employment in the Para Military Forces and the Department of ‘Telecommunication. 4) Can apply for a gazetted postin CRPF, if third division degree is held by the cadet. ©) Preference in state services and in private sectors, {) Employment within NCC as whole time lady officer, Girl Cadet Instructor, Aero and Ship-Modelling Instructor. 10Cadets Welfare Society (CWS): In order to provide financial assistance and relief to cadets who sustain injury/death during NCC related activities, a society called the ‘NCC Cadets Welfare Society’ was established and registered in February 1985, under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. Aims: Financial assistance to cadets NOK/nominee in case of a demise during NCC activity. Financial relief to cadets on sustaining injury /disability during NCC activity. Scholarships for academically brilliant cadets. © Grant of Best Cadet Award of Rs 3500/- and 2nd Best Cadet Award of Rs 2500/- at each Group level. <* Conduct sports and adventure activities which cannot be funded by public funds. Financial Assistance/Scholarships: Financial assistance and relief to cadets is provided by the Cadet Welfare Society (CWS) {in case of any injury to the cadet or to the NOK, in case of any fatality during NCC related activities, Details ofthe financial assistance are:- NcCAetivities] Death Cases Permanent | Temporary Disability Disability (a |Highrisk | 4,00,000/- upto 4,00,000/- (b) | other 3,50,000/- upto 3,50,000/- | UPte 1.75,000/- Activities Scholarships: a) Cadets Welfare Society (Ws): CWS awards scholarship of Rs 6000/: per cadet for 1000 NCC cadets every year. b) Sahara Scholarship: Sahara gives Rs 30,000/- for Professional and Other categories and Rs 12000/- for SD/SW. Nec Cadets at the RO Comp unOQOO0O0 OOOO] O00080 ‘The State-Wise Incentives given to NCC cadets are given belo s. | state Employment Benefits ‘Admission in Educational No. Institutions 1. | Andhra Preference for NCC ‘B/C’ |*e One seat reserved in degree and Pradesh Certifiate holders for | diploma courses and 5% seats for recruitment in Police Service | LLB courses in Osmania University and Transport Department | 4 Seats in Goverment Polytechnics, PG Degree/Diploma in Engineering Colleges ‘*© 0.25% seats in Medical colleges Bihar and | Bonus marks to NCC ‘B’ /‘C’ | Bonus marks are awarded to NCC Jharkhand | certificate holders in the | Certificate holders for admission in Police and Forest Department | various courses in the Universities of Patna, Ranchi, Mithila and Bhagalpur 3. [Jammuand — | 10% or one seat reserved in — Kashmir non-gazetted service in Police, Home Guards, Forest and Excise Department for NCC ‘C’ certificate holders. Similar reservations are for Girl Cadets in Police and as nurses, receptionists and telephone operators 4. | Karnataka - 10% seats in Medical, 5 in Non- and Goa Allopathic, 50 in Engineering, 10 in Technical, 8 in BEd, 3 in Post Graduation and 47 in Polytechnic Colleges for outstanding NCC Cadets, 5. | Kerala and ‘= Seats in Engineering Colleges, Lakshadweep Polytechnics, Ayurveda Medical and Nursing Colleges ‘= Bonus marks for Pre-Degree Degree Courses, Post Graduate Courses, BEd Courses and ‘Teachers Training Course = Weightage for admission to higher studies 12s. State Employment Benefits ‘Admission in Educational No. Institutions 6. | Madhya Preference to ‘C’ certificate [+e Preference for admission to the Pradesh holders for recruitment in | postgraduate/ professional/degree all state jobs colleges ‘*© Ten Marks added to final marks of NCC cadets selected for participation in Republic Day Camp 7. | Maharashtra © Ten grace marks to NCC cadets appearing in various degree examinations by University of Mumbai © 2% mark to NCC cadets by Maharashtra University * Three marks given for admission in medical colleges ‘= Ten seats reserved in Engineering colleges for NCC cadets representing State in the All-India competition ® Weightage of four marks for admission in ITT 8 | North Eastern | Preference given to NCC | Two seats reserved in diploma and Region ‘BIC’ certificate holders for | certificate courses in engineering and Assam recruitment in Police Service | technology. One seat each in Assam and and Government Jobs Jorhat Engineering College 9. [Arunachal | Preference in recruitment to | Relaxation of 5% marks for admission Pradesh the State Police Service ‘to educational institutions 10. | Manipur Reservation of 10% posts in the Police Department 11. [Meghalaya | Posts of women constable in state police force 12, [Nagaland | Preference to NCC ‘B’ and ‘C’ | Relaxation of 5% marks for admission certificate holders in State | to educational institutions including Police Force technical institution under State Govt. 13, | Tripura Preference to NCC 'B’ and ‘C" certificate holders in Police service and Government jobs 13 O0O000 ©0002 O00080OQOO0O0 OOOO] O00080 s. State Employment Benefits ‘Admission in Educational No. Institutions 14, | orissa Preference for recruitment to | Additional weightage of marks over the State Police Force and above the aggregate marks obtained for admission in various colleges 15. | Haryana Preference in Home Guard Department and State Police Force 16. | Himachat Weightage for admission to various Pradesh courses of study in Himachal Pradesh University 17. | Punjab Weightage of marks given for admission in various courses in State Goverment Polytechnics, Colleges and Universities 18. | Rajasthan | Preference in State Police | Weightage for the purpose of Force admission to various courses 19, | TamiNadu | Consideration by Tamil Nadu ] One seat reserved in Under Graduate and Andaman | Public Commission in Civil | Course in each college and one seat in Nicobar Services, exams, any Post Graduate Course and Islands Out of twelve marks forthe | Polytechnic, where NCC Scheme is oral test in the B.T. and P.G. | #¥allable Assistant recruitment / appointment in Tamil Nadu, half mark is awarded for NCC activities 20. | Pondicherry | Preference in all Departments ] A weightage of 2% of marks for of Pondicherry, especially in | B.A/B.Sc,/B.Com. courses Police 21. | UtarPradesh | 99% posts are reserved in] Bonus marks/welghtage by various State Government for part time NCC officers and NCC cadets who become disabled during the course of training Universities for admission in various Degree, BEd. and Post-Graduation 4S. State Employment Benefits ‘Admission in Educational No. Institutions 22, | Uttarakhand One seat in each branch in Kumaon Engineering College, GB Pant Engineering College and Govt. Polytechnic Colleges and two seats each in Kumaon University and Garhwal University for BEd. 23, | West Bengal | Weightage being given for and Sikkim | enrollment in Police, 20% weightage is given to NCC cadets for recruitment in Home Guard In states like Delhi, Gujarat, Dadra Nagar Haveli, Chhattisgarh and Mizoram, incentives in the form of concessions for employment, education are not being given. Other incentives like scholarships and cash awards are however, being given in these States. ‘The incentives keep changing from time to time. Hence, the cadets must keep themselves abreast of the incentives published in various orders. ‘The youth of Independent India are extremely fortunate to have such an organization existing in the country which devotes vast amount of financial and physical resources towards their personality development, and thus is indeed a nursery for grooming of future leaders in various walks of life. The NCC offers relaxation in the selection criteria for employment in various armed forces, para-military forces as well as state government. jobs; it also provides opportunities to work for NCC either in the form of GCI or WTLO. ‘The teachers of various schools and colleges can also have the opportunity to be associated with any of the three wings i.e, Army, Navy and Air force of NCC and guide Cadets. 3 SUMMARY ‘The National Cadet Corps was created by Britain during the First World War. Is objective was to train young boys and girls for Armed Forces, After Independence, the NCC was formed on April 16, 1948 through XXXI Act of Parliament The Girls Division, the Air Wing and the Naval Wing were added in year 1949, 1950 and 1952 respectively. Today the NCC comprises the senior division from colleges and the Junior Division from schools, 15 O0O000 ©0002 O00080OQOO0O0 OOOO] O00080 The NCC aims fo organise, train and motioate the youth of our country. ‘The Defence Secretary is responsible for efficient functioning of the NCC. Al the state level, the Directorates and Group Headquarters control the organisation. There are various training activities to sharpen the skills of the cadets. Training camps are held periodically. By being associated with NCC related activities, the cadets get various benefits given by the Central Government in terms of job opportunities, scholarships and financial assistance. The State Government also gives incentives in the form of employment benefits as well as reservation in educational institutions. © In the states of Delhi, Gujrat, Chattisgarh and Dadra Nagar Haveli and Mizoram, incentives are given in the form of scholarships and cash acoards instead of concessions in employment. The details of incentives is published by the organization in various orders released from lime to time. esses 3 Comprehension Questions Qi. Answer the following in about 15 words: i) Why was University Corps formed? ii) When was NCC formally inaugurated in India and when was girls division of the NCC raised? iii) _In which year and where was the Air wing and the Naval wing of the NCC raised? iv) What is the present enrolled strength of NCC cadets and what does it basically comprise? v)__ Howis NCC administered? vi) Who heads the NCC at the Headquarters DG NCC? vii) Who heads the Group Headquarters and how many Group Headquarters are there in the country? viil) What i the full form of WTLO? ix) What is the duration of Annual Training Camp for senior boys/ girls and for junior boys Ieivls? x) Which state provides the maximum benefits in admission in various courses? xi) How many seats are reserved for NCC ‘C’ certificate holders with A and B grading in Army? xii) What incentives are given in admission in educational institutions in Madhya Pradesh? 16Qa. Q3. Qt. xiii) Which states do not provide any incentives in admission to educational institutions? xiv) What other benefits apart from financial assistance are provided by the CWS (Cadet Welfare Society)? Answer the following in about 50 words: 1) Which qualities does NCC aim to develop among the cadets? ii) Write about any two objectives of the NCC. iii) Write about the two objectives that aim at promoting National Integration. iv) List of those who comprise of NCC staff. v)_ What are Centrally Organized Camps? Give three examples. vi) What kind of activities are included in adventure training and sports? vii) Who are GCIs? viii) What type of employment benefits are provided by the government of Uttarakhand to NCC cadets? ix) Name the states that provide no incentives in the form of concessions for employment and education? How do they compensate? Answer the following in about 75 words 1) What was the objective of the NCC in India, before independence? And what kind of a human resource does NCC want to create? ii) How does NCC helps in all round development of the cadets? Explain with examples? iii) What qualities can NCC instill among youth? iv) What kinds of activities are undertaken by the Naval and Air wings of the organization? v) Write a note on Attachment training, Remount and Veterinary activities in NCC. vi) What do you understand by institutional training? vii) What is the aim of Youth Exchange Programme (YEP)? vill) What employment and educational benefits are provided by the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Tripura? ix) What role do the incentives given by NCC play in the life of the cadets? Answer the following in about 150 words 1) Write anote on the aims of the NCC in modern times, Write a note on the NCC as an organization, Write in detail about the Organizational structure of NCC. Write a note on the evolution of NCC song. 7 O0O000 ©0002 O00080v) What are the benefits of organizing camps? vi) Make a Comparative study of the incentives provided by the states of North India and South India. QS. Answer the following in about 250 words i) How are the objectives of NCC relevant for the progress of the Nation in the present times? li) Explain in detail, any five qualities that NCC aims to develop among the cadets. iii) What are the three wings of NCC? Write in detail about the NCC staff. iv) Write in detail about the centrally organized camps. Let's Discuss: Q6 HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) i) What is the need and relevance of NCC in today’s world? How can youth contribute in, the progress of the Nation? ii) Make a flow chart of various life skills, a student can learn through different NCC camps with examples. ii) After analyzing various incentives provided by different states, which state would you like to be in NCC and why? Substantiate your answer with examples. Group Activities: 1) Youare a NCC cadet. Imagine you have gone on a Youth Exchange Programme (YEP) to Srilanka. You meet cadets/students from Maldives, Nepal, Singapore, Bangladesh and Srilanka. They have also joined NCC activities in their school. In groups of six (where each student represents the aforesaid countries), share your experiences of how NCC is conducted in your country, what NCC means to you and how it will help in Nation building (each group will be given two days to find out information of how NCC is conducted in the country they have selected). Other Suggested Activities: 1) Draft an oath for yourselfas a NCC cadet. if) Watcha documentary film on ‘NCC’ A Cadet Diary. iif) Organise a talk by an NCC officer. iv) NCC provides a lot of incentives in terms of job opportunities, academics and personal research. Draw a comparative analysis of the above mentioned facilities and identify three states and one union territory offering the maximum incentives. 18 OQOO0O0 OOOO] O00080UNIT -2: NATIONAL INTEGRATION Content Comprehension Analysis, Synthesis Evaluation Religions, culture, | Develop an insight | Analyse the Appreciate the | Worksheets, traditions and | intothereligion, | religo-cultural__ spirit ofoneness | comprehension ‘customs of India. | cultural and diversity ofthe | despite the questions, tradition of India, | countryand its diversity discussion and Understand the _ | impacton the activities. impact of different | lives ofthe people races that came | and their beliefs and left a mark here, Understand the | Assess the Appreciate the | Worksheets, concept of different areas _| spirit of National | comprehension Importance and _| National that bring out the | Integration inthe | questions, necessity. Integration and its | necessity of citizens of India| discussion and importance. National activities Integration. Freedom struggle | Acquire Make an indepth | Appreciate the | Worksheets, andnationalist | knowledge of | analysis ofeach _| role ofall the comprehension movements in | freedom struggle | movement and its | freedom fighters, | questions, India. and nationalist | impact onthe —_| sung unsung. discussion and movements in | freedom struggle. activities. India. 19 O0O000 ©0002 O00080OQOO0O0 OOOO O00080 National Integration National integration is the awareness of a common identity amongst the citizens of a country. It means that though we belong to different castes, religions and regions and speak different languages. India secular democratic country we recognize the fact that we are all one. This kind of integration is very important in the building of a strong and prosperous nation, A unique feature of our country is that all the ‘major religions of the world are practiced here. There are also great varieties in costume, food habits, and social customs. Geographically our land is diverse and there are amazing differences in climate, Despite all these differences India is a political entity, every part of which is governed under the same Constitution. Religions in India Major: Religion for the Hindus is an experience or attitude of mind. It is not an intellectual Proposition, but a life conviction; it is consciousness of ultimate reality. Man becomes aware of God through experience. The source of Hindu thought is the Vedas. The Hindus believe in, meditation and yoga, The goal of religious quest is earned by intellectual and moral discipline. The Hindus believe in re-birth, spirit and salvation. Perfection in life is attained through knowledge of truth. The theory of Hinduism lays stress on Bhakti, Karma and Re-birth. Islam: Islam means ‘Submission’ or resignation to Allah (God). The Quran, the highest authority is revealed as the eternal word of God incarnate, All the prophets from Adam to Mohammad and the books revealed to them are regarded as religious heritage of Islam. Muslims have to bear witness to the oneness of God and message of Muhammed and have to observe prayer five times daily with a weekly Juma prayer on Friday noon. They keep, dawn to dusk fast for purity of soul in the ninth month of Ramzan of the Islamic year. The Islamic teaching highlights the purity of life, charity to the poor and spread of brotherhood. Christianity: Christianity was founded by Jesus Christ, and commands the largest following in the world. Christ was born in 4 BC in Judaea, He started preaching about the kingdom of God when he was thirty. His activities roused the opposition of the Jewish high priests. He was crucified on the orders of Pontius Pilate, the Roman Governor. Christianity preaches charity, love and peace. The message of Jesus Christ is given in the Holy Bible. Christianity is, nota religion but a way of life, which guides the actions and life for mental peace and. love of humanity. Jainism: Jainism derives its name from Jaina (the Conqueror). Mahavira belonged to a princely family in Vaishali. At the age of 30, he renounced the world and spent 12 years in austerity and meditation in search of truth. At the age of 47, while meditating, he 20received enlightenment, As per Jainism teachings, anger, pride, deception and greed must be counteracted by the ten best virtues such as forgiveness, humility, straight forwardness, contentment, truthfulness, restraint, austerity, purity, chastity and renunciation. ‘To keep himself steady on path of liberation and to destroy karma, a monk has to bear all the trouble that might cause him pains and practise austerity both external and internal, It is pure meditation which ultimately leads to liberation. Buddhism: Buddhism was founded by Gautam Buddha who was the son of Indian Prince Suddhodan. The sorrow and suffering of the world tormented his heart. He abandoned his house in pursuit of enlightenment. Gautam found enlightenment while meditating under a Pipal tree at the age of 42. Buddha preached that emancipation from cycle of re-birth ie., Nirvana can be attained by path of self purification, with doctrine of love and mercy. Buddhism is essentially a religion of kindness, humanity and equality. It denounces all claims to superiority on grounds of birth or caste. Sikhism: God, the original Guru, imparted his message to his disciple Nanak, who having absorbed the divine spirit, became the Guru himself. The message is known as Gurmat. He, ‘who follows the teaching of Gurmat, is a pure person and known as Sikh. The same spirit ‘was passed on to the successive Gurus and ultimately the divine spirit has been passed onto the sacred script of ‘Guru Granth Saheb’. The teachings of Equality in society and leading a life of purity are important. The institution of Gurudwara and common kitchen (langar) are noble examples of equality in Sikhism. sm are that ‘God is one’ 1.1. Culture of India Our country has witnessed arrival of people from different races. They affected the indigenous cultures and through the process of assimilation and synthesis, Indian culture grew all the more richer. Arrival of various races in India and their effect:1 1. Negrito Race: According to J H Hunton, the oldest race reaching India was Negrito, They did not know how to make use of instruments made of stones and bones, cultivate land, make earthen wares or build houses. They are now found only in the Andaman Islands. Il, Proto-Australoid Race: After the Negrito race, came the Proto-Australoid or the primitive Australian race. They are specially found in Central India or in South - East India in the present age. They are also called ‘Austric’ in English and “Agneya' in Hindi. Santhal, Munda, Birho, Asur, Kobra, Coorg, Jaung and such other tribes are related to the Proto- Australoid race. The people of Australoid race 2 aguwww geserveaicle conessy nda tae heen the meting place-of conn races-a-cviznons a a1 O0O000 ©0002 O00080OQOO0O0 OOOO] O00080 Ww. influenced the material and religious life in India. Indians learnt, how to cultivate land with the help of pick - axe and to grow rice, bananas, coconuts, brinjals, betel leaves, lemons, jamboo fruit and cotton from them. In the religious field, they brought to India the belief in rebirth, various fabulous stories about the origin of creation, a myth about incarnation of God. The interesting stories in Mahabharata and Ramayana about Vasuki, the ruler in ‘Patal Lok’, the origin of the creation from snakes and eggs, interesting stories about Ganesh have been taken from the myths of this race. Perhaps, this very race ‘aught the Indians, how to count the dates according to moon phases and fixation of sacred festivals etc. The coming of Aryans: Aryans made the greatest contribution towards the development of Indian culture. Their Vedas are the main roots of Indian culture. ‘The contribution of the Aryans has been described by Dr: Jadunath Sarkar, ‘as a feeling of sympathy and adjustment, a wonderful evolution of science and philosophy, fixation of adjustment among different castes through their principle of ‘Varna’ system and the spread of civilization through “Tapovan’ system? ‘The coming of Islam: The followers of Islam came to India after the Aryans. In his book titled ‘Influence of Islam on Indian Culture’, Dr. Tarachand has written that the influence of Islam on the Indian life has been noticeable, specially on many customs, music, dress, cooking methods, marriage traditions, festivals, fairs and on the institutions and manners of the Maratha, Rajput and Sikh courts, Influence of the British: The British deeply influenced all aspects of Indian culture. The English language brought hundreds of English words into the Indian languages. ‘The influence of western culture on the prose, novel, one-act plays and poetry in Indian literature can be clearly seen, Western education created a ‘wave of reformation in the whole country. On one hand, the ideas of equality, freedom and nationality helped in uprooting social evils like Sati custom, female foeticide, child marriage and prohibition of widow marriage. On the other hand, they also created a political awakening in the country. The present form of administration in India is the outcome of the great influence of the British ideology. The present economic organization, joint stock companies, managing agencies, big factories, production through machines, railways, telegraphs, telephone, aeroplanes and other means of conveyance and communication ‘were brought to India from the West. This influence has been profound and has helped for the country's progress, although its assimilation is equally necessary. 221.2 Customs and Traditions of India India is a multi-racial, multi-lingual civilization with rich cultural heritage and has provided peaceful atmosphere for the development of many religions. Indian culture and customs are influenced by these religions. ‘The customs of India depict a very colourful panorama, There are certain customs which are prevalent in a particular region and some are common to all regions of the country. a Indian festivals are famous the world over. Since India is an agro-based economy most of the festivals are related to the change of weather and harvesting. The most famous Indian festivals are Diwali, Holi, Dussehra and Basant Panchami, There are certain festivals which are prevalent in particular regions only like Bihu in Assam, Baishakhi in Punjab, Pongal in Tamil Nadu, Onam in Kerala, to name a few. Customs and Traditions: (a) Indian customs are mostly related to local practices. The customs of a Hindu ‘marriage are different from that of Christians or Sikhs. Similarly, there are different customs for festival celebrations. All these customs have been protected by law. (b) Certain religious customs pertain to a particular religion only, like Mundan ceremony among Hindus and the naming ceremony in Sikhs. Apart from religious value, these customs are a means of entertainment. (Q There are some customs regarding dresses and ‘ornaments of women. These are associated with particular regions, which give a very colorful dimension to Indian customs and traditions. Similarly, all regions have their distinctive ornaments. (India with different races and religions, has rich customs related to festivals, religious ceremonies, dresses, marriages, architecture, painting, song, dance and food habits, ‘The customs and traditions of India though varied, are a binding force, which ultimately serves as a unifying factor for a secular India, Pe O0O000 ©0002 O00080OQOO0O0 OOOO] O00080 N ‘Today, modern thinking has broken all barriers in society. People have become more tolerant and celebrate most festivals, even if they happen to belong to other religions. National Integration: Importance and Necessity Indian civilisation is one of the oldest in the world. In the past, people belonging to different ‘races and religions came and settled here. They brought with them their distinctive language and life style. Different tribes with their distinct languages intermingled with the tribes of our country. Our culture is described as an example of composite culture. It consists of all communities, races and religions. 2.1 Importance of National Integration National integration implies a feeling of togetherness and unity among the people of a country. It also means an atmosphere in which all citizens, irrespective of their caste, religion and region live together peacefully. t refers to integration in all respects, social, political, economic and above all emotional. In an integrated country people share common goals. They all work together and co-operate with each other for the prosperity of the nation, We must understand that national integration does not mean uniformity of religion, dress and food habits etc, It means both, preservation of diverse cultures and, at the same time, living and working in harmony. No country or society can survive if its people do not remain united. The feeling of togetherness and a sense of belonging are absolutely necessary for a nation to survive. Such a feeling can only be generated through the process of integration. Thus national integration is a positive concept which provides strength to fight against all divisive forces. It provides a congenial condition in which people can make good progress. Importance National integration has assumed greater importance in the recent years due to the fast changing ethos and moral values in the society. The turbulent atmosphere and the deteriorating law and order situation in the country due to various religious, social and political factors, have led to the realisation of the necessity for national integration, ‘The realisation of its importance in itself is a step in the right direction. The government is taking positive steps towards achieving national integration. NCC, one of the prime organisation of the country training the youth, provides the ideal ground to start with. National integration has been made part and parcel of NCC training. A great deal of emphasis is laid on national integration by conducting national level camps and number of other activities where cadets from all over the country participate. 242.2. Necessity of National Integration National integration is necessary, particularly in a country like India, where people with different languages, religions, races and culture are required to be woven together. ‘The unity in diversity, of which we are proud of, can only be maintained, if we have the understanding and respect for each other's religion, customs and traditions. If we have to survive as a nation and safeguard our sovereignty and national integrity, we have to remain united. National integration is a pre-requisite for the survival and prosperity of any nation, Hence, national integration is a basic necessity for the following reasor (a) Maintenance of sovereignty and territorial integrity of the nation, (b) Maintenance of peace and harmony. (6) Growth and development of the nation, (@)__ Eradication of poverty and illiteracy. (e) Internal security, law and order. (8 Culture and religious development. (g) Economic and industrial growth, (1) Attract foreign investment and increase import and export. (Exchange of technological know-how and culture (6) Dignity and self-respect as a nation. (Welfare and well-being of the people. (m)_ Foreign relations and better standing among the nations of the world. It is the duty of every citizen to strive to achieve unity in spite of diversity and further cement it. We must remember that there should be no di ns between North and South or East and West of India. There is only one India; we all Indians are inheritors of this great nation, 3 Freedom Struggle and Nationalist Movement in India India is a free nation with a rich variegated history, an extraordinarily multifaceted cultural diversity and a commitment to democratic values and well-being for all. Its civilisation is one of the oldest civilisations in the world. In the past, people belonging to different races and religions came and settled here. They brought with them their distinctive language and lifestyle. Different tribes with their distinct languages intermingled with various tribes of our country. That is why our culture is described as 25 O0O000 ©0002 O00080OQOO0O0 OOOO] O00080 an example of a composite culture. It is made up of diverse communities, races and religions. ‘The Britishers came and ruled India for nearly 200 years. After the battle of Plassey in 1757, the British achieved political power in India. Their supremacy was established during the tenure of Lord Dalhousie, who became the Governor- General in 1848. He annexed Punjab, Peshawar and the Pathan tribes in the north-west of India. And by 1856, the British conquest and its authority were firmly established. While the British power reached its height during the middle of the 19th century, the discontent among the local rulers, the peasantry, the intellectuals, common masses as also of the soldiers who became Map of india 1857 unemployed due to the disbanding of the armies of various states, became widespread. This soon broke out into a revolt which assumed the dimensions of the 1857 Mutiny. ‘The Indian Mutiny of 1857 The conquest of India, which could be said to have begun with the Battle of Plassey (1757), was practically completed by the end of Dalhousie's tenure in 1856. It had been, by no means, a smooth affair as the simmering discontent of the people manifested itself in many localized revolts during this period. ‘However, the Mutiny of 1857, which began with a revolt of the military soldiers at Meerut, soon became widespread and posed a grave challenge to the British rule, Even though the The Many of 1857 British succeeded in crushing it within a year, it was certainly a popular revolt in which the Indian rulers, the masses and the militia participated so enthusiastically, that it came to be regarded as the First War of Indian Independence. ‘The introduction of the ‘zamindari system’ by the British, ruined the peasants due to exorbitant charges by the new class of landlords. The craftsmen were destroyed by the influx of the British manufactured goods. The religion and the caste system which 26formed the firm foundation of the traditional Indian society was endangered by the British administration. The Indian soldiers as well as people in administration could not rise in hierarchy as the senior jobs were reserved for the Europeans. Thus, there was all- round discontentment and disgust against the British rule, which burst out in a revolt by the ‘sepoys’ at Meerut whose religious sentiments were offended when they were given new cartridges greased with cow and pig fat, whose covering had to be stripped out by biting with the teeth, before using them in rifles. The Hindu as well as the Muslim soldiers, who refused to use such cartridges, were arrested, which resulted in a revolt by their fellow soldiers on 9 May 1857. The rebel forces soon captured Delhi and the revolt spread to a wider area and there was uprising in almost all parts of the country. The most ferocious battles were fought in Delhi, Awadh, Rohilkhand, Bundelkhand, Allahabad, Agra, Meerut and western Bihar. The rebellious forces under the commands of Kanwar Singh in Bihar and Bakht Khan in Delhi gave a stunning blow to the British. In Kanpur, Nana Sahib was proclaimed as the Peshwa and the brave leader, Tantya Tope led his troops. Rani Lakshmibai was proclaimed the ruler of Jhansi, who led her troops in the heroic battles against the British. The Hindus, the Muslims and the Sikhs fought shoulder to shoulder to throw out the British. The revolt was controlled by the British within one year; it began in Meerut on 10 May 1857 and ended in Gwalior on 20 June 1858. Source: htp://nccindia nic n/hand-book-common subject sdew, itp/ /wwo archive india gov in/knowindia/cultuee heritage php?id=5 End of the East India Company Consequent to the failure of the Revolt of 1857 Rebellion, it also saw the end of the East India Company's rule and many important changes took place in the British Government's policy towards India which sought to strengthen the British rule through winning over the Indian princes, chiefs and landlords. Queen Victoria's Proclamation of 1 November 1858, declared that, thereafter, India would be governed by and in the name of the British Monarch through a Secretary of State. The Governor General was given title of 'Viceroy’, which meant the representative of the Monarch. Queen Victoria assumed the title of the Empress of India, and thus, gave the British Government unlimited powers to intervene in the internal affairs of the Indian states. In brief, the British supremacy over India, including the Indian States, was firmly established. The British gave their support to the loyal princes, zamindar and local chiefs, but neglected the educated people and the common masses. They also promoted the other interests like those of the British merchants, industrialists, planters and civil servants. The people of India, as such, did not have any say in running the 27 O0O000 ©0002 O00080OQOO0O0 OOOO] O00080 government or formulation of its policies. Consequently, people's disgust with the British rule kept mounting, which gave rise to the birth of Indian national movement. The leadership of the freedom movement passed into the hands of reformists like Raja Rammohan Roy, Bankim Chandra and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. During this time, the binding psychological concept of National Unity was also forged in the fire of the struggle against a common foreign oppressor. Raja Rammohan Roy (1772-1833), founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828, which aimed at purging the society of all its evil practices. He worked for eradicating evils like sat child marriage and purdah system, championed widow marriage and women’ education and favoured the English system of education in India. It was through his effort that sati was declared a legal offence by the British. Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902), the disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, established the Ramkrishna Mission at Belur in 1897. He championed the supremacy of Vedantic philosophy. His talk at the Chicago (USA) Conference of World Religions in 1893, made the westerners understand the philosophy of Hinduism for the first time. Source: hitpi//nccindia nic jn /hand-book-common-subjectedsw, itp /wwo archive india gv in/knowindia/cultste heritage php?id=5 Nationalist Movement in India Formation of the Indian National Congress (INC) ‘The foundations of the Indian National Movement were laid by Suredranath Banerjee with the formation of Indian Association at Calcutta in 1876. The aim of the Association was to represent the views of the educated middle class, inspire the Indian community to take the value of united action. The Indian Association was, in a way, the forerunner of the Indian National Congress, which was founded, with the help of A.O. Hume, a retired British official. The birth of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 marked the entry of new educated middle-class into politics and transformed the Indian political horizon. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay in December 1885, under the presidentship of Womesh Chandra Banerjee and was attended among others by Badr-uddin Tyabji. ‘At the turn of the century, the freedom movement reached out to the common unlettered people through the launching of the Swadeshi Movement by leaders such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Aurobindo Ghose. The Congress session at Calcutta in 1906, presided by Dadabhai Naoroji, gave a call for attainment of 'swaraj', a type of self- government elected by the people within the British Dominion, as it prevailed in ‘Canada and Australia, which were also the parts of the British Empire. 28Meanwhile, in 1909, the British Government announced certain reforms in the structure of Government in India which are known as Morley-Minto Reforms. But these reforms came as a disappointment as they did not mark any advance towards the establishment of a representative government. The provision of special representation of the Muslim, ‘was seen as a threat to the Hindu-Muslim unity on which the strength of the National Movement rested. So, these reforms were vehemently opposed by all the leaders, including the Muslim leader, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Subsequently, King George V made two announcements in Delhi: Firstly, the Partition of Bengal, which had been effected in 1905, was annulled and, secondly, it was announced that the capital of India was to be shifted from Calcutta to Delhi. The disgust with the reforms announced in 1909 led to the intensification of the struggle for swaraj. While, on one side, the activists led by the great leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal waged a virtual war against the British, on the other side, the revolutionaries stepped up their violent activities. There was a widespread unrest in the country. To add to the already growing discontent among the people, the Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919, which empowered the Government to put people in jail without trial. This caused widespread indignation, led to massive demonstrations and hartals, which the Government repressed with brutal measures like the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, where thousands of unarmed peaceful people were gunned down on the orders of General Dyer. Source: hit://nccndia nic in/hand.book-comman she ds Intp:/ ww archive india. goin/ knowin culture heritage phpid=S Jallianwala Bagh Massacre The Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 13 April 1919, was one of the most inhuman acts of the British rulers in India. The people of Punjab gathered on the auspicious day of Baisakhi at Jallianwala Bagh, adjacent to Golden Temple (Amritsar), to lodge their protest peacefully against the persecution by the British Indian Government. General Dyer appeared suddenly with his armed police force and fired indiscriminately at innocent empty- handed people leaving hundreds dead, Leeubieheasli including women and children. 29 O0O000 ©0002 O00080OQOO0O0 OOOO] O00080 After the First World War (1914-1918), Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi became the undisputed leader of the Congress. During this struggle, Mahatma Gandhi had developed the novel technique of non-violent agitation, which he called Satyagraha, loosely translated as 'moral domination’. Gandhi, himself a devout Hindu, also espoused a total moral philosophy of tolerance, brotherhood of all religions, non- violence (ahimsa) and of simple living. With this, new leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose also emerged on the scene and advocated the adoption of complete independence as the goal of the National Movement. ‘The Non-Cooperation Movement ‘The Non-Cooperation Movement was started under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress from September 1920 to February 1922, marking a new awakening in the Indian Independence Movement. After a series of events, including the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, Gandhiji realised that there was no prospect of getting a fair treatment at the hands of British, so he planned to withdraw the nation’s co-operation from the British Government, thus launching the Non- ‘Cooperation Movement and thereby marring the administrative set up of the country. This movement was a success as it gave great encouragement to millions of Indians. ‘This movement almost shook the British authorities, Source: hitp/ /nccindla nic in hand. book-common-subjec-sdew tp /vwie archive india gov in/knowindia/cultute heritage php?id=5 Simon Commission The non-cooperation movement failed, Therefore, there was a lull in political to India in 1927 by the British Government, to suggest further reforms in the structure of the Indian Government. The Commission did not include any Indian member and the v ¢ Government showed no intention of = accepting the demand for Swaraj. Therefore, \¢ it sparked a wave of protests all over the mM country and the Congress as well as the Protest agunst Simon Commission ‘Muslim League gave a call to boycott it under the leadership of Lala Lajpat Rai. The crowds were lathi charged and Lala Lajpat Rai, also called Sher-e-Punjab (Lion of Punjab), died of the blows received in an agitation. 30Civil Disobedience Movement Mahatma Gandhi led the Civil Disobedience Movement that was launched in the Congress Session of December 1929. The aim of this movement was a complete disobedience of the orders of the British Government. During this movement, it was decided that India would celebrate 26th January as the Independence Day. On 26th January 1930, meetings were held all over the country and the Congress tricolour was hoisted. The British Government tried to repress the movement and resorted to brutal firing, killing hundreds of people. Thousands were arrested along with Gandhiji and Jawaharlal Nehru. But, the movement spread and following this, the Round Table Conferences were arranged by the British, and Gandhiji attended the second Round Table Conference at London. But nothing came out of the conference and the Civil Disobedience Movement was revived. During this time, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were arrested on the charges of throwing a bomb in the Central Assembly Hall (which is now Lok Sabha) in Delhi, to demonstrate against the autocratic alien rule. They were hanged to death on March 23, 1931 Source: hitp://necindia nic in/hand-book-comman suet ss nto / wr archive india gon Iowindia clr hertge ppd Quit India Movement In August 1942, Gandhiji started the ‘Quit India Movement’ and decided to launch a ‘mass civil disobedience movement ‘Do or Die' call to force the British to leave India. The movement was followed, nonetheless, by large-scale violence directed at railway stations, telegraph offices, government buildings, and other emblems and institutions of colonial rule. There were widespread acts of sabotage, and the government held Gandhi responsible for these acts of violence, suggesting that they were a deliberate act of ‘Congress policy. However, all the prominent leaders were arrested, the Congress was banned and the police and army were brought out to suppress the movement. Meanwhile, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, who escaped from the British detention in 31OQOO0O0 OOOO] O00080 Calcutta, reached foreign lands and organized the Indian National Army (INA) to overthrow the British from India. ‘The Second World War broke out in September of 1939 and without consulting the Indian leaders, India was declared a warring state (on behalf of the British) by the Governor General. Subhash Chandra Bose, with the help of Japan, preceded fighting the British forces and not only freed Andaman and Nicobar Islands from the Britishers, but also entered the north-eastern border of India. But in 1945, Japan was defeated and Netaji proceeded from Japan, by aeroplane to a place of safety but, met with an accident. It was given out that he had died in the air-crash. "Give me blood and I shall give you freedom" - was one of the most popular statements made by him, where he urged Indians to join him in his freedom movement. Source: hit//nccindia ncn /hand-book-comman-subiect dew tp vw archive india go in/knowindia/culre heritage php?id5 Partition of India At the conclusion of the Second World War, the Labour Party, under Prime Minister ‘Clement Richard Attlee, came to power in Britain. The Labour Party was largely sympathetic towards Indians who were calling for freedom. A Cabinet Mis sent to India in March 1946, which after a careful study of the Indian political scenario, proposed the formation of an interim Government and convening of a Constituent Assembly, comprising of members elected by the provincial legislatures and nominees of the Indian states. An interim Government was formed headed by Jawaharlal Nehru. However, the Muslim League pressed for a separate state. Lord Mountbatten, the Viceroy of India, presented a plan for the division of India into India and Pakistan, which the Indian leaders had to accept. ion was India became free at the stroke of midnight, on 14 August 1947. Since then, every year, India celebrates Independence Day on 15th August. Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minster of free India and continued his term till 1964. Giving voice to the sentiments of the nation, Prime Minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru said, “Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we will redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance... We end today a period of ill fortune, and India discovers herself again.” Source: htp://nccindia nic.n/hand-book-common subject sdsw, itp /wwoe archive india ov in/knowindia/cultute heritage Php?id5 32SUMMARY Religion should never be mixed with the political afairs. All religions spread the message of peace and love for humanity. Our country has benefited immensely by the arrival of different races from other parts of the world. $38 © Indian festivals, customs and traditions unify the people of India, National integration creates an atmosphere in which people from different castes, religions and regions live together in harmony. ‘The deteriorating law and order situation in the country makes us realise the necessity of National Integration. National Integration assumes a greater importance in a democracy like ours. India has always been a centre of attraction for people from all over the world. ‘The British rule in India was threatened by the 1857 mutiny. Harsh British policies caused anger and subsequently led to 1857 mutiny. The 1857 rebellion was crushed. The British Government decided to strengthen their rule by changing their policy. The leadership of the freedom movement passed into the hands of reformists like Raja Rammohan Roy, Bankim Chandra and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. 3 $3338 3 3 ‘The Indian Association was formed in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjee. ‘The Swadeshi Movement in 1906 took the freedom movement to the common people. The Rowlatt Act of 1919 and Jalianwala Bagh massacre fuelled anger against the British. MK Gandhi emerged asa leader and guided the non-violent agitations. eee 88 India became a free nation at the stroke of midnight on August 14, 1947. We celebrate our Independence Day on 15 August. Comprehension Questions: Q1. Answer the following in about 15 words: i) What role did religion play in ancient and medieval times? ii) How did the arrival of people of different races affect the indigenous culture of India? iil) Why is our culture described as an example of a composite culture? iv) What do you understand by National Integration? ¥) Why has national integration assumed greater importance in recent years? Give one vi) Which is one of the prime organizations of the country working in the field of national integration and how? vil) | What is the duty of each and every citizen with respect to National Integration? 33 O0O000 ©0002 O00080