Photoelectric Emission’ The light of a certain frequency is made to fall on the ‘metal surface which leads to the emission of electrons. Photo Electric Effect ‘When light of small wavelength is it jdeibonts meal surface, electrons are eject hs ‘metal. This phenomenon is known as c effect and the electrons ejected are cal fectrons. Important Defir Threshold Frequeney (v,): Minimum. frequency of incident photon below which no ejection of Photoelectrons from a metal surface can take place is known as threshold frequency for that metal, Its value is constant for a particular metal but may be different for different metals, Threshold wavelength (2): Maximum wavelength of incident photon above which there will be no Photoelectric emission from a metal surface is known 8 threshold wavelength Work Function or Threshold Energy (9): » The minimum energy of incident photon below Which no ejection of photo clectron from a metal Surface will take place is known as work function of threshold energy for that metal i DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER SGAN/Gpecial Casew Asked In NEET) Tit threshold wavelength | threshold energy ean by formula, Papier L QyY is function of silver is 5.26 «10-19 J. jculate its threshold wavelength— . 3674 A b. 3467 A c. 3647 A 4. 3764 Ans. () Threshold wavelength =29= 6.6107 x3x108 S26x1e 3764107 m a Laws of Photoelectric Effect. On the basis of experiments Lenard gave following laws regarding photoemission, > Rate of photo electrons or photo electric current depends upon intensity of light but does not depend upon frequency/wavelength or energy. > Kinetic energy of Emitted electron depends upon frequency or wavelength of incident lightand itdoes not depend upon intensity of light. With increasing frequency of incident light, kinetic energy of photo electrons increases but with increasing wavelength it decreases. So vtAL K.B. of Emitted electrons t v2.7 KE. of Emitted electrons 4 » Value of threshold frequency or threshold wavelength depends upon photo sensitive nature of metal. Scanned with CamScannerates NEET Most War > There is no time lag between emission of electron and incidence of photon ie. the electrons are emitted out as soon as the light falls on metal surface. Einsteins Equation Of Photo Electric Effect Einstein postulated that a photon of incident light interacts with a metal electron and transfers its energy to electron in two ways. A part of the energy of the incident photon, is used up in liberating the metal electron against the attractive forces of surrounding ions inside the metal ; the remaining energy is spent in giving kinetic energy to, ‘ejected photoelectrons. If v be the frequency or ga light 17, be the minimum energy required to lil electron from the surface and E, be the xi energy of the emitted free TAR w= Wo W, is called the wi cD it obviously depends on the 1 ae 1. equation is called tion, Einstein photo tees | v> frequency of incident light Ve threshold frequency m= mass of electron. | A, threshold wavelength > ineident wavelength | {Q. Light of wavelength 4000 A is incident on a metal whose work function is 2eV. Calculate the maximum possible kinetic energy of the photo electrons. a. 3.09 eV b. 1. 9eV c. 1.09 eV d. None, 'Ans, (e) Energy of the incident photon = hc /. Energy of the incident photon in 19 y= 198x100 4x1,6x10 Kinetic energy of the emitted electron, = 3.09 - 2.00= 1.09 ev Intensity of light (1D) (a) Itis the qunantity of light ene: ing normally ona unit aa area x ur or aD ae where: ve. % Night in ve incident = nhv f photons (eSernses 1= time of exposure SY Intensity of light is proportional to saturation current 1 (© For point source of light 1 (4) For line souree of light J =< ~ where r is the distance of the point from the light source. (©) No. of photons n «c I Stopping Potential This is the smallest magnitude of anode potential which just stops the electron with maximum kinetic energy from reaching the anode, ASKE,..=hv-W, ig potential for a given photoelectric emission is V then eV, = KE,,,. = hv— Wy Graphs (@ Kinetic energy V/s frequency: Scanned with CamScannerAns. (d) Let the energy of one photon = Ac/h, a Energy of n photons £ = nhc/?. nx 6.6x10™ x3x10" 5000x107" 107 = Intensity (ii) Potential V/s current: (v: constant) = Stopping potential does not depend upon intensity 4. roaiie wavee ant Nave of light > de-Broglie vA for dual nature of matter, () Th verse consists of only matter and Se has dual nature, matter should also ve dual nature, since nature loves symmetry. C ) h S Wavelength of matter waves : 2 == mv P > Ifa body is at rest, v = 0 and 2 = © i.e, matter waves are not associated with bodies at rest. Intensity as m= Retarding potential errr ee Dual Nature Of Light (The Photon) > Photoelectric effect gave evidence to the fact that a light was made of quanta(or) packets of energy, each having energy hv r ; => > If E is the kinetic energy of the material | particle then Il a h h 4=-—4_=-1_ a V2mE— J2mhv Q. Ifthe kinetic energy of the particle is increased by 16 times, the percentage change in the de- broglie wavelength of the particle is: a. 25% b. 75% ©. 60% d. 50% h 1 Ans. (b) 2=7—— => ha (b) Tie “Wash aieete en ee ae » Each photon has energy and momentum (p = hv/c), and speed c (the speed of light) ‘ L om: 4 Q. Light of wavelength 5000 A falls on a sensitive surface. If the surface has received 10-7 joule of energy, then what is the number of photons ‘% change in the de-Broglie wavelength falling on the surface ? “i ara “a, 25x10! b. 25 x 1082 -( 00 =(-Dpao0 «75% ©. 0.25 x 10! d. 2.510" a Scanned with CamScannerNVA EV AN (xterra) particles Sorrorcukerenee T For electrons (m,=9.1x107" ke) eer: | » This demonstrated that electron beams are diffracted by regular atomic arrays of crystals: > The wave nature of electrons was firt experimentally verified by this experiment, > The experimental setup for the experiment js | Note: The potential difference required to have | an electron of wavelength A(A) is 150.6 | y=2506 rom te above equation) | St Q. De-Broglie wavelength associated with an electron accelerated through a potential difference V is A. What will be its wavelength when the accelerating, potential is increased to an Ans. 2. 1.67 « 107kg), For deuterons (m,~ 2 * 1.67 * 1027 ka) For protons (, _ 0.286 5 For a-particles (m,~ 2» 1.67 x 107g) 0.101 ¢ Ww de-Broglie wavelength associated with xed particles . > For neutrons (m, = 1.67 « 107 kx), eb V2x 1.6710 3 AT 2 2mgV | ose I shown below 6.6210 yy 1227 | Paxoui0 xt6x10 OV Ww Electron > gun Movable =. collector — ce ‘To galvan Observations: » In this experiment the electrons are produced and accelerated and then bombarded into the t They are scattered at an angle Hence the distribution of electrons is measured as a function of angle @. > Here Nickel was taken as example. It was found that high intensity of electrons were identified at § = 50° & V, = 54V; The de-broglie’s waveler h ito a detector, LTA deh p= 2meV ig to wave theory of light (interferenc®) the constructive interference takes place when the path differences between two adjacent rays is aa integral numbers of wavelengths (or) d sin dsing n 4 where «> interatomic distance § > seatering a nut) From Bragg’s law = 2 = n> order: (=1, for maxi 0.215 nm: For nickel :d s 2) | 3 sind 1 654 ol 1 ) From | & 2 itis clear that: roi n ad that de-Broslie “This experiment verified that dk Be ature oF MO hypothesis of the wave particles", agit a The velocity of electrons emitted from the Ie | gun can be inereased by inereasing the P ( difference between the anode and filament, ; Scanned with CamScannerBee 4, Which of regarding the photoelectri ‘a, The photocurrent increases wil light. b, Stopping potential incre: intensity of incident light. ases with inereases in the following statement is correct ic experiment? ith intensity of in vases with incre’ . The photo current incre frequenc} a. Allof these photo current: 2, In photoelectric effect the and frequency of the a. Depends both on intensity incident light bb. Does not depends on the frequency light ¢. Decrease with increase in frequency of incident of incident light 4. Increase with increase in frequency of incident light 3. Monochromatic light of frequency 6.0 « 10! Hz is produced by a laser. The power emitted is 2 10° W. The number of photons emitted, on. the average, by the source per second is: a. 5x 10'5 b. 5* 106 c. 5« 107 510! 4. Threshold wavelength for a metal having work function w, is 7. Then the threshold wavelength for the metal having work function 2 1, is a. 4), b. 2% d. 14 ©. U2 5. The threshold wavelength for emission of Photoelectrons from a metal surface is 6 * 107 m. The work function of the material of th surface is. a33-10My 1B OMY b. 6.67 «10 2.37610 6 Light of wavelength 4000 A is incident on 4 metal surface of work function 2.5 eV. Giver f= 662 © 10 Js, ¢ = 3 * 10% mis, the maximum KE of photoelectrons em wed and the corresponding stopping potential are respectively a. 0.66V,0.6V b. 25eV,2.5V © 31eV,3.1V d. 0.6 eV, 03 V 7, The work function of a photo electric material is 3.3 eV. Its threshold frequency will be: a. 4x 108 Hz b. 8x 102 Hy ©. 4* 10" Hz, d. 8x 10! Hy, 8, Radiation of two photons energies twice and five times the work function of metal are incident successively on the metal surface, The ratio of the maximum velocity of the photoelectrons emitted in the two cases will be: all bod:2 e133 a4 9, Work function of nickel is 5.01 eV. When ultraviolet radiation of wavelength 2000A is incident on it, electrons are emitted. What will be the maximum velocity of emitted electrons? a. 3 * 108 mis b. 6.46 « 105 m/s c. 10.36 x 105 m/s d. 8.54 * 10° m/s 10, A light of wavelength S000A falls on a sensitive plate with photoelectric work function 1.90eV, kinetic energy of the emitted electrons will be: a. O.1eV ¢. 0.58 eV 11. Maximum velocity of the photo electrons emitted 2 10° ms, Assuming the by a metal s\ specific charge of the electron to be 1.8 * 1o"'C Kg", the value of the stopping potential in volts will be: a2 bod cd d. 6 420A, 12, I the threshold wavelength for sodium: then the work funetion of sodium is b, 2.28eV 0.23 eV ‘of a photon is 25 eV and work I is: 7 eV, then find the a, ASS eV © LldeV 13, 1 the ener function of the material value of stopping potential: a, 18V b, 20V © 2V av Scanned with CamScanner14. The light photons of energy 1eV and 3eV respectively are made incident on a metallic plate of work function 0.5eV one after the other. Find the ratio of maximum Kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted by them: 1:10 b.2:15 c.1:5 d. 5 15. Light of wavelength 2 strikes a photo sensitive surface and electrons are ejected with kinetic energy E. Ifthe kinetic energy is to be increased to 26, the wavelength must be changed to 2’ where a veh b, A= 2h 2 ©. Renter d Woh 16, For a certain metal incident frequency v is five times of threshold frequency vo and the maximum velocity of coming out photoelectrons is 8 x 10° ms". If v= 2v,,the maximum velocity of photoelectrons will be: a. 4x 106 m/s b. 8 * 10° m/s c. 4 106 mis 4. 8 mis, 17. The work function for tungsten and sodium are 4.5 eV and 2.3 eV respectively. If the threshold wavelength 2. for sodium is 5460A, the value of >. for tungsten is: a. $893. A b. 10683 A c. 2791 A d. 528A 18. The work function of a metal is 2.5 eV. The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted if a radiation of wavelength 3000 A falls on itis (h= 6.63 * 10 Js and c= 3 * 108 mvs) a. 112 * 10 b. 4.8 «10S d, 2.61 x 10°? 0. 3.2% 10 19. The work function of a metallic surface is 5.01 eV. The photo electrons are emitted when light of wavelength 2000A falls on it. The potential ence applied 10 stop the fastest photo- diffe electrons is: a. 1.2V b. 2.24V ©. 3.6V 4. 48V 0s fa protonand cletron have the same dé-brogie fy" wavelength then: if ¢ a. Kinetic energy of electron < Ki a ergy of electron < Kinetic energy of ?, b. Kinetic energy of electron = Kinetic energy of proton a ¢. Momentum of electron > Momentum of proton d. Momentum of electron = Momentum of proton” 21. The energy of emitted photoelectrons fiom aq metal is 0.9 eV. The work function of the metalis y é 2.2 eV. Then the energy of the incident photonis—§ b. 22eV a.3.1eV a. 0.9eV . 44eV 22. Electrons are accelerated through a p.d. of 150V. 1 Given m = 9.1 x 103! kg, e = 1.6 « 10°C, i h = 6.62 x 104 Js, the de Broglie wavelength associated with itis alsA b. 10 030A d05A 23, Aclectron of mass m when accelerated through a potential difference V, has de-Broglie wavelength 2. The de-Broglie wavelength associated with a proton of mass M accelerated through the same potential difference will be: am m a. bale got a af m m 24. If m is the mass of an electron and c is the speed of light the ratio of the wavelengths of photon of energy E to that of the electron of the same energ’ we en oe Pam im « Pe aye cE E 25, The de Broglie wavelength of an 80 eV of energy is nearly (leV Mass of electron =9 x 10°" kg, Planck's com = 6.6 10° Js) (nearly) electron having i = 16x10 stant a, 140A b. 014A \ c 4A a 14d \ 5 Scanned with CamScannera 36. The de-broglie wavelength of an electron and the wavelength of a photon are same. The ratio between the energy of the photon and the ‘momentum of the electron is, ah be c. Wh a. Me 27. The de-Broglie wavelength associated with a material particle when itis accelerated through a potential difference of 150 volt is 1A. What will be the de-broglie wavelength associated with the same particle when it is accelerated through a potential difference of 4500V? 1 1 A b. “2B 08 1 1 ©. Boo da. 3A 28. Two particles have identical charges. If they are accelerated through identical _ potential differences, then the ratio of their de-Broglie wavelength would be a Aydg=dil bi Ay: Rym my im, 1. When a metallic surface is illuminated with radiation of wavelength 2, the stopping potential is V. If the same surface is illuminated with radiation of wavelength 2, the stopping potential is V/A, The threshold wavelength for the metallic surface is: (2016) adh b. SA c. 5h 3h 2 2. A certain metallic surface is illuminated with monochromatic light of wavelength 2. The stopping potential for photo-electric current for this light is 3/,. If the same surface is illuminated with light of wavelength 22, the stopping potential is Yo, The threshold wavelength for this surface for photoelectric effect is; (2015) co Ay pkgs imam 4. hy ag Ym tym 29. The de-broglie wavelength of a particle of kinetic energy K is A. What will be the wavelength of the particle if its kinetic energy is K/4? ak b.22 ok es 4 2 30. If the mass of neutron = 1.7 x 1077 kg. Then the De broglie wavelength of neutron of energy 3eV is: a. 1,6 10m c. 14x 10m b. 1.610"! m d. 14% 10m 31. In Davisson and Germer experiment, the tungsten filament is coated with: a, Aluminum oxide b. Barium chloride ¢. Titanium oxide 4. Barium oxide EAR QUESTIONS Ss s s Bip ale = 3 s greg Einsteins Equation of Photo Electric Effect ue 3 3. When the light of frequency 2v, (where vy is threshold frequency), is incident on a metal plate, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted is v,. When the frequency of the incident radiation is increased to Svq, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted from the same plate is v,- The ratio of v, tov, (2018) a4: bois e1:2 di 2it Fear Scanned with CamScanner1, 4. ‘The photoelcetric threshold wavelength of silver 0. * 10°! m, The velocity of the electron let light (2017) 1) is 3 ejected from a silver surface by ultraviol of wavelength 2536 x 10°! m i (Given h = 4.14 x L0rHS eV and ¢ = 3 * 108 1.6 « 10° mst b. ¥ 61% 108 mst 20.3 «10% ms! d= 6% 105 ms! h of the following figures represent the jon of particle momentum and the associated (2015) Whiel t > Pp de Broglie wavelength? => > hen ’ »? =F P ach > Fh x ET de-Broglie Wavelength Associated Pi 1 An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 10,000 V. Its de Broglie wavelength is, (nearly) : (m, =9 * 10! kg) (2019) a, 122 10-8 m b. 12.2 10m 12.2 nm NEEL |. An electron of mass m with an initial velocity F=Vzi(V>o) enters at electric field constant >0) att = 0. IF Ay is its de-Broglie wavelength initially, then its de-Broglie wavelength at time tis (2018) cE, a. yt b 1( +e) do ema dy SFot (ee) 8. An electron of mass m and a photon have same nergy F. The ratio of de Broglie wavelengths ‘associated with them is (c being velocity of ligh) 2016) et Ga e. e(2me)! 4 a de-Broglie Wavelength | har} 9. The de-Broglie wavelength ofa neutron in thermal equilibrium with heavy water at a temperature T 017) (Kelvin) and mass m, is: b. 2h V3mkT anagh Vink 21 ink NEET Replica/Explanations 1. (a) The photocurrent increases linearly with increase in intensity of light but it is. independent of frequency, be side it the stopping potential is independent of intensity of light but increases: linearly with increase in frequeney of light waves 2. (b) Photo current in Photoelectric effect depends on the intensity of the incident light and it is independent of the frequency of incident light. 2x107 66x10 x6x10" 3a) n=2 = 5x10" E e122 «1074 m _ ei ANSWER Key & EXPLANATIONS 40) “= 12400 ind «| B3X1.6x10 _ grove 6.6x 10% 6a) KE= 7.(@) y= A 8. (0) EW, = yam Scanned with CamScanner12. (b) Work function 13. (a) Ve=E-$, V,= C5-I ey e hy—$, _ 1-05 hv,—$, 3-05 9, (B) Energy corresponding to 20008. pa P53 ey -6.20v 2000 Maximum kinetie energy. K=hv-hy, K=E-W, =? Kyyy (6.25.01) eV=1.19V 16, (a) According to Einstein's photoelectric equation, 1 Now, K,,, = dmv’ se = TOV La - avehy, +1032 Lv, =hv—hy, 1.19% 1.610" = pul x10'xV3, According to the question 1 . 1.1910" «1.62, zm(Bxt0"y =h(5¥, -v.) 9.1x107" 1 Lin, =h(2v, - = 0.418 x 10!2= 418 » 10° zim = M24) Vigag = 6.46 % 108 m/s Dividing equation (i) by (ii, we get 10. (€) From photoelectric equation ; (sx10')? E=hv= a 6.6x)0"X3x10 5 96 10°") 5000x110 '° Hence, E, = 2.48 ~ 1.90 = 0.58eV 11. (c) Specific charge of electrons £21.8x10"Ckg™ m Maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons a. 540023 Ns =2791A he 6.6104 x3x10° 6 610d 3x10 call Scanned with CamScanner ye 18. (a) 2x10 vy Li2OY co anto-av *2x1.8%10!9 (Work function) = 2.5 * 1.6 x 10S 4x1 2.6 x 10-9 12375 _ 6 igev 2000 ~E- by 19. (a) Energy jot incident ight E= According to relation E = W, + eV, (6.18-5.01)eV € =LI7V #12 h 20. (d) de Broglie wavelength, > 5 Forelectron 4=— , for proton 2, Ash, =A, given = P= Pp 21. @) B=KE.+05 150 22. (b) 4= | (b) 4. r 23.(b) vl) 2) V2MeV ° On dividing (2) eq. from (1) we get Moh ‘ meV x Zevm kh rea a VM £ M 24, (a) Energy of photon E = hv = uM he A, he E & oot [150 RA & 30 aa oe [mm PaaVm iy Vm as q and potential (V) are same. 29, (b) =, when the energy becomes K4 \2mK h 2h Ae Sh K V2mK 2m 30. (b) For a neutron, m= 1.7 «1077 kg mE 31. (dl) Tungsten filament is coated with barium oxide st Liaise RRS sary Scanned with CamScanner