COURSE :GENERAL MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS

CODE : 6401 S MSETER:SPRING 2023

LEVEL :ADE (2 YEARS )

ASSIGNMENT NO 1

Q.No 1

Q. 1 (a) Mrs. Tahira has gold of amount Rs.12,50,000. Calculate Zakat on this
amount at the rate of 2.5%.

Ans.

To calculate Zakat on the gold amount, we need to multiply the value of the gold by the Zakat rate
of 2.5%.

Given: Amount of gold: Rs. 12,50,000

Calculation: Zakat = (Gold amount * Zakat rate) = (Rs. 12,50,000 * 0.025) = Rs. 31,250

Therefore, the Zakat amount on the gold of Rs. 12,50,000 at a rate of 2.5% is Rs. 31,250.

b) A man buys a cycle for Rs.1400 and sells it at a loss of 15%. What is the selling price of
the cycle?

Ans.

To find the selling price of the cycle, we need to calculate the amount of the loss and subtract it from
the original cost price.

1. Calculate the loss amount: Loss % = 15% Loss amount = (Loss % / 100) * Cost price = (15 /
100) * 1400 = 0.15 * 1400 = 210
2. Calculate the selling price: Selling price = Cost price - Loss amount = 1400 - 210 = 1190

Therefore, the selling price of the cycle is Rs. 1190.

Q.2 (a) A = {a, c, e, g} B = {b, d, f, h} Find: (i) AUB (ii) A B

(i) The union of sets A and B, denoted as A U B, is the set that contains all the elements that are in either
set A or set B, or both.

A = {a, c, e, g} B = {b, d, f, h}

To find A U B, we combine the elements from both sets:

A U B = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}

Therefore, A U B = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}.

(ii) The intersection of sets A and B, denoted as A ∩ B, is the set that contains all the elements that are
common to both sets A and B.

A = {a, c, e, g} B = {b, d, f, h}

To find A ∩ B, we identify the elements that are present in both sets:

A ∩ B = {}

Since there are no common elements between sets A and B, the intersection A ∩ B is an empty set,
denoted by {} or ∅.

b.Define real numbers and explain its properties by providing examples?

Ans.

Real numbers are simply the combination of rational and irrational numbers, in the number system. In general,
all the arithmetic operations can be performed on these numbers and they can be represented in the number
line, also. At the same time, the imaginary numbers are the un-real numbers, which cannot be expressed in the
number line and are commonly used to represent a complex number. Some of the examples of real numbers
are 23, -12, 6.99, 5/2, π, and so on. In this article, we are going to discuss the definition of real numbers, the
properties of real numbers and the examples of real numbers with complete explanations.

Properties of Real Numbers

The following are the four main properties of real numbers:

 Commutative property
 Associative property
 Distributive property
 Identity property
Consider “m, n and r” are three real numbers. Then the above properties can be described using m, n, and r as
shown below:

Commutative Property

If m and n are the numbers, then the general form will be m + n = n + m for addition and m.n = n.m for
multiplication.

 Addition: m + n = n + m. For example, 5 + 3 = 3 + 5, 2 + 4 = 4 + 2.

 Multiplication: m × n = n × m. For example, 5 × 3 = 3 × 5, 2 × 4 = 4 × 2.

Associative Property

If m, n and r are the numbers. The general form will be m + (n + r) = (m + n) + r for addition(mn) r = m (nr)
for multiplication.

 Addition: The general form will be m + (n + r) = (m + n) + r. An example of additive associative

property is 10 + (3 + 2) = (10 + 3) + 2.
 Multiplication: (mn) r = m (nr). An example of a multiplicative associative property is (2 × 3) 4 = 2
(3 × 4).

Distributive Property

For three numbers m, n, and r, which are real in nature, the distributive property is represented as:

m (n + r) = mn + mr and (m + n) r = mr + nr.

 Example of distributive property is: 5(2 + 3) = 5 × 2 + 5 × 3. Here, both sides will yield 25.

Identity Property

There are additive and multiplicative identities.

 For addition: m + 0 = m. (0 is the additive identity)

 For multiplication: m × 1 = 1 × m = m. (1 is the multiplicative identity)

Additive Identity Property

Another property states that the sum of any number and zero is the number itself.

Example:
1. Rahul has 4 balloons while his friend does not have any balloon; thus, 0.
2. Adding 0 to any number does not change the value of the number.
Additive Inverse Property
The additive inverse of a number is a number that results in zero when added to the original number  (0)
(0).
Examples: We see that 7+(–7)=07+(–7)=0 So, you can consider that the number –7–7 is the
additive 77.
Also, –15+(15)=0–15+(15)=0 So, 1515 is the additive inverse of −15−15.

Multiplication Properties of Real Numbers

The properties of multiplication of real numbers are given below:

Closure Property
The formula is a×b is the real numbers. When you multiply any two real numbers, the product which
you get is also a real number.
Example: 8×7=568×7=56 in which 5656 is the product and a real number similar to the
numbers 88 and 77.

Multiplication Identity Property

Whenever you multiply any real number with the number one, you will get the same number as the
product.

Example: 68×1=6868×1=68 or you can interchange the numbers 1×68=681×68=68 you can see that

you have got the same number as the product.

Multiplication Inverse Property

Whenever you multiply any non zero real number by its inverse or the reciprocal, you will get the
product as one always.

Example: 3×13=13×13=1

Distributive Property of Multiplication

This property is entirely different from the Commutative and the Associative property. Here, the sum of
two numbers multiplied by the third number equals the sum when each number is multiplied by the third
number.

Q.3 If A=
[ ] [ ] [ ]
24
68
B=
13
57
C=
10
01
Then Find the Following
1. AB-BA
SOLUTION

AB=
[ ][ ]
24
68
13
57
After multipling we get,

AB=
[ 22 34
46 74 ]
Now.
BA=
[ ][ ]
13
57
24
68
After multipling we get

BA=
[ 20 28
52 76 ]
Now

AB-BA=
[ 22 34
46 74
−
20 28
52 76 ][ ]
=
[ 2 6
−6 −2
Ans
]
AB+BC=?

AB=
[ ][ ]
24
68
13
57

After multipling we get

AB=
[ 22 34
46 74 ]
Now

BC=
[ ][ ]
13
57
10
01

After multipling we get

BC=
[ ] 13
57

Now

. AB+BC=
[ 22 34
46 74
+
][ ]
13
57

After addition we get

AB+BC=
[ 23 37
51 81
Ans
]
Q. 4 Solve the following quadratic equations by using completing square method. (i) 4a2 =–9
+ 12x
To solve the quadratic equation using the completing square method, we need to manipulate the
equation until we have a perfect square trinomial on one side. Let's solve the equation step by step:

Step 1: Rearrange the equation in the standard form: 4a^2 = 12x - 9

Step 2: Move the constant term to the right side: 4a^2 + 9 = 12x

Step 3: Divide the entire equation by the coefficient of x (which is 12): (4a^2 + 9)/12 = x

Step 4: Simplify the equation if possible: (1/3)a^2 + 3/4 = x

Step 5: Now we can complete the square for the quadratic term (a^2) on the left side of the
equation: To complete the square, we need to add the square of half the coefficient of a to both
sides. The coefficient of a^2 is (1/3), so half of it is (1/6). The square of (1/6) is (1/36). Adding (1/36)
to both sides:

(1/3)a^2 + 3/4 + 1/36 = x + 1/36

Step 6: Simplify the equation further: (1/3)a^2 + 9/12 + 1/36 = x + 1/36 (1/3)a^2 + 9/12 + 1/36 = x
+ 1/36 (1/3)a^2 + 9/12 + 1/36 = x + 1/36 (1/3)a^2 + 9/12 + 1/36 = x + 1/36 (1/3)a^2 + 27/36 +
1/36 = x + 1/36 (1/3)a^2 + 28/36 = x + 1/36

Step 7: Simplify the right side of the equation: (1/3)a^2 + 28/36 = (36x + 1)/36

Step 8: Move the constant term to the left side: (1/3)a^2 - (36x + 1)/36 + 28/36 = 0

Step 9: Find a common denominator: (1/3)a^2 - (36x + 1 - 28)/36 = 0

Step 10: Combine like terms in the numerator: (1/3)a^2 - (36x - 27)/36 = 0

Step 11: Simplify the equation further: (1/3)a^2 - (36x - 27)/36 = 0 (1/3)a^2 - (36x - 27)/36 = 0
(1/3)a^2 - (x - 27/36) = 0

Step 12: Now, we have a perfect square trinomial on the left side: (1/3)(a - √(x - 27/36))^2 = 0

Step 13: Solve for a: (a - √(x - 27/36))^2 = 0

Taking the square root of both sides: a - √(x - 27/36) = 0

Adding √(x - 27/36) to both sides: a = √(x - 27/36)

Therefore, the solution to the quadratic equation 4a^2 = 12x - 9 using the completing square
Q. 4 Solve the following quadratic equations by using completing square method. (ii) ax2 + bx
+c=0

To solve the quadratic equation using the completing the square method, we will follow these steps:

Step 1: Ensure that the quadratic equation is in the standard form, which is ax^2 + bx + c = 0. If the
equation is not in this form, rearrange the terms accordingly.

Step 2: Divide the entire equation by the coefficient of x^2, so the coefficient becomes 1. This step is
optional, but it simplifies the calculations.

Step 3: Rewrite the equation by moving the constant term (c) to the right side of the equation. The
equation now becomes ax^2 + bx = -c.

Step 4: Take half of the coefficient of x (b/2) and square it [(b/2)^2]. Add and subtract this value to
both sides of the equation.

Step 5: The left side of the equation is now a perfect square trinomial. Factor it, and simplify the right
side of the equation.

Step 6: Take the square root of both sides of the equation.

Step 7: Solve for x by isolating it on one side of the equation.

Let's solve the quadratic equation using the completing the square method.

(ii) ax^2 + bx + c = 0

Step 1: Ensure the equation is in standard form.

Step 2: No need to divide by the coefficient of x^2 in this case.

Step 3: Move the constant term to the right side.

ax^2 + bx = -c

Step 4: Add and subtract (b/2)^2 to both sides.

ax^2 + bx + (b/2)^2 = -c + (b/2)^2

Step 5: Factor the left side.

(a(x + (b/2))^2 = -c + (b/2)^2

Step 6: Take the square root of both sides.

x + (b/2) = ±√(-c + (b/2)^2)

Step 7: Solve for x.

x = -b/2 ± √(-c + (b/2)^2)

So, the solution to the quadratic equation ax^2 + bx + c = 0 using the completing the square
method is x = -b/2 ± √(-c + (b/2)^2).
Eliminate x form the following x-1/x=m ; x²+1/x²=n²

To eliminate x from the given equations, we can use algebraic manipulation and substitution.

Equation 1: (x - 1) / x = m

Let's start by cross-multiplying the equation to eliminate the fraction:

x - 1 = mx

Next, move all terms to one side of the equation:

mx - x = 1

Factor out x from the left side:

x(m - 1) = 1

Now, divide both sides by (m - 1) to isolate x:

x = 1 / (m - 1)

Equation 2: x² + 1 / x² = n²

To eliminate x², let's substitute x² with its equivalent form:

(x - 1 / x)² + 2 = n²

We know from Equation 1 that (x - 1 / x) = m, so let's substitute m into Equation 2:

m² + 2 = n²

Now, rearrange the equation to isolate n²:

n² = m² + 2

Therefore, by eliminating x, we have:

x = 1 / (m - 1) n² = m² + 2

Eliminate x from the following P= 1+x²/2ax ; q= 1-x²/2bx

To eliminate x from the given equations, we can solve one equation for x and substitute it into the
other equation.

From the equation P = 1 + x²/2ax, we can rearrange it as follows:

2ax(P - 1) = x²

Simplifying further:

2aPx - 2ax = x²

2aPx - x² = 2ax

Factoring out x:

x(2aP - x) = 2ax

Dividing both sides by (2aP - x):

x = 2ax / (2aP - x)

Now we can substitute this value of x into the equation q = 1 - x²/2bx:

q = 1 - [2ax / (2aP - x)]² / 2bx

Simplifying:

q = 1 - (4a²x²) / (4abPx - 2bx)²

At this point, we have eliminated x from the equations P and q by expressing q solely in terms of P, a,
b, and x.