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Dynamic Mathematical Model For The Ideal Binary Batch Distillation Column Under Constant Reflux Ratio

1. The document describes the specifications and dynamic mathematical model for an ideal binary batch distillation column. It includes 12 ideal trays, a vapor boil up rate of 0.25 mol/min, and a feed of 50 mol consisting of 0.3 methanol. 2. The model uses material balances to describe the changing molar holdups of methanol in the reflux drum, each tray, and reboiler over time. The balances account for inputs, outputs, and generation/removal of vapor or liquid between stages. 3. The reflux ratio is defined as the molar flow of liquid returning to the column divided by the molar flow of distillate removed. With constant tray and reflux

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97 views18 pages

Dynamic Mathematical Model For The Ideal Binary Batch Distillation Column Under Constant Reflux Ratio

1. The document describes the specifications and dynamic mathematical model for an ideal binary batch distillation column. It includes 12 ideal trays, a vapor boil up rate of 0.25 mol/min, and a feed of 50 mol consisting of 0.3 methanol. 2. The model uses material balances to describe the changing molar holdups of methanol in the reflux drum, each tray, and reboiler over time. The balances account for inputs, outputs, and generation/removal of vapor or liquid between stages. 3. The reflux ratio is defined as the molar flow of liquid returning to the column divided by the molar flow of distillate removed. With constant tray and reflux

Uploaded by

Xy kar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1)

Ideal binary batch distillation column specifications

Number of ideal trays 12


Vapor boil up rate(mol/min) 0.25
Feed charge to the pot(mol) 50
Tray holdup(mol) 0.2
Reflux drum holdup 0.2
Feed composition 0.3

No Formula Molar mass Name


1 CH4O 32.042 Methanol
2 H2O 18.015 Water

More volatile component is methanol

2) Dynamic mathematical model for the ideal binary batch distillation column
under constant reflux ratio

𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅 = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑟𝑟


𝑀𝑀𝑇𝑇 = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒ℎ 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑦𝑦

𝑀𝑀𝑐𝑐 = 𝑀𝑀𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑚𝑚

𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝 = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑘𝑘

𝑎𝑎 = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑟𝑟

𝐿𝐿 = 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛

𝑉𝑉 = 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛

𝐷𝐷 = 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛

𝑅𝑅 = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑜

𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑡𝑡ℎ 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒


𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖 = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑡𝑡ℎ 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒

Reflux Ratio (R)


𝐿𝐿
𝑅𝑅 =
𝐷𝐷
L doesn’t change with time since molar holdups in trays and reflux drum is constant
1) Reflux Drum
Considering overall material balance,
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 − 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
𝑑𝑑𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶
= 𝑉𝑉 − 𝐿𝐿 − 𝐷𝐷
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Since 𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 is constant
0 = 𝑉𝑉 − 𝐿𝐿 − 𝐷𝐷
𝑑𝑑𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶
= 𝑉𝑉 − 𝐿𝐿 − 𝐷𝐷
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑉𝑉 = 𝐿𝐿 + 𝐷𝐷
Material Balance for methanol
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 − 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
𝑑𝑑𝑀𝑀𝑐𝑐 𝑥𝑥𝑜𝑜
= 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦1 − 𝐿𝐿𝑥𝑥0 − 𝐷𝐷𝑥𝑥0 = 𝑉𝑉(𝑦𝑦1 − 𝑥𝑥0 )
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥𝑜𝑜 𝑉𝑉
= (𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥0 )
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 1
2) Trays
Material Balance for methanol
𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 − 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
𝑑𝑑𝑀𝑀𝑇𝑇 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖
= 𝐿𝐿𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖−1 + 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖+1 − 𝐿𝐿𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 − 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖 i=1:12
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 [𝐿𝐿(𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖−1 − 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 ) + 𝑉𝑉(𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖+1 − 𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖 )]


=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀𝑇𝑇
3) Reboiler
Overall mass balance,
𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 − 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
𝑑𝑑𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅
= 𝐿𝐿 − 𝑉𝑉 = −𝐷𝐷
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Material Balance for methanol


𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 − 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
𝑑𝑑𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅 𝑥𝑥13
= 𝐿𝐿𝑥𝑥12 − 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦13
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥13 𝑑𝑑𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅
𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅 + 𝑥𝑥13 = 𝐿𝐿𝑥𝑥12 − 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦13
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥13 𝐿𝐿𝑥𝑥12 − 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦13 + 𝐷𝐷𝑥𝑥13
=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅

4) Product Tank
Overall mass balance,
𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 − 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
𝑑𝑑𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝
= 𝐷𝐷
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Material Balance for methanol
𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 − 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
𝑑𝑑𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥14 𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥14 𝑥𝑥14 𝑑𝑑𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝 𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥14
= 𝐷𝐷𝑥𝑥𝑑𝑑 = + = + 𝐷𝐷𝑥𝑥14
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥14
+ 𝐷𝐷𝑥𝑥14 = 𝐷𝐷𝑥𝑥𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥14 (𝐷𝐷𝑥𝑥𝑑𝑑 − 𝐷𝐷𝑥𝑥14 )
=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝

3) Dynamic mathematical model for the ideal binary batch distillation column
under total reflux condition

At Total Reflux condition

R=infinity

D=0

L=V

1) Reflux Drum
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥𝑜𝑜 𝑉𝑉
= (𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥0 )
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 1

2) Trays
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 [𝐿𝐿(𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖−1 − 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 ) + 𝑉𝑉(𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖+1 − 𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖 )]
=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀𝑇𝑇
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 [𝑉𝑉(𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖−1 − 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 + 𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖+1 − 𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖 )]
= 𝑖𝑖 = 1: 12
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀𝑇𝑇

3) Reboiler
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥13 𝐿𝐿𝑥𝑥12 − 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦13 + 𝐷𝐷𝑥𝑥13
=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥13 (𝑥𝑥12 − 𝑦𝑦13 )𝑉𝑉
=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅
Steady State Liquid Compositions Under Total Reflux Condition

• All the simulations and calculations were done using python programming
language and Kaggle notebook was used as the code editor

MVC (More volatile component)=Methanol

Final Steady State Liquid Compositions Under Total Reflux Condition


Reflux drum=0.9940848555972893
Tray 1=0.9905692395673603
Tray 2=0.9849956846348215
Tray 3=0.9762072915181594
Tray 4=0.9624674670000894
Tray 5=0.9412705074792305
Tray 6=0.9092312924940925
Tray 7=0.8622709607419324
Tray 8=0.7964540508242393
Tray 9=0.709771396314558
Tray 10=0.6045046697828493
Tray 11=0.4885686899082348
Tray 12=0.37384964352055844
Reboiler=0.2717542373443734
4) Steady State Liquid Compositions, Molar Holdup Under Constant Reflux
Ratio
Reflux ratio =6
Purity was selected as 0.85 and required time was calculated by looping through the receiver
tank composition column, then got the index of that required purity and using that index
required time was obtained
Reflux ratio =7
Reflux ratio =8
Reflux ratio =9
Reflux ratio =10
5) Final yield, Molar holdup, time required to reach purity of 0.85 for each
Reflux Ratio
Reflux Ratio Time need to reach Molar holdup at Final yield (%)
purity(min) xp=0.85 receiver(mol)
6 306.35 10.941 62
7 402.12 12.556 71.21
8 493.40 13.705 77.66
9 580.07 14.502 82.18
10 663.38 15.077 85.44

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