Last updated FEBRUARY 2023

Chicago 17th B is an author-date referencing style used across a broad range of subject areas. It is based on the
Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition.

This guide is primarily for students completing assignments at Curtin University. If you are publishing (e.g. journal
article, PhD), please consult the above publication as examples provided here may differ slightly from the
requirements outlined in the official style guide.

Guide Contents: Page Reference list examples Page Reference list examples Page

Using this guide 2 Journal and news articles 10 Reports and grey literature 18
About Chicago referencing 3 Journal article 10 Government or organisation 18
Journal article – Advance 11 report
In-text citations explained 3 online publication Press release 19
Quoting (less than 40 words) 3 Journal article – Supplement 11 Brochure, factsheet, pamphlet 19
Quoting (more than 40 words) 4 Newspaper or magazine 12
Paraphrasing 4 article Legislation and standards
Multiple sources for the same 4 Act of Parliament 19
information Books 12 Case 19
Multiple works by the same 5 Book 12 Standard 20
author(s) Chapter in an edited book 13 20
Multiple works by the same 5 Conference paper or poster 13 Audiovisual media
author in the same year Thesis 14 Film or video 20
Different authors, same 5 Book review 14 TV series episode 20
surname TV series 21
Authors citing other authors 6 Websites and social media 15 YouTube or other streaming 21
Entire website 15 video 21
Author variations 6 Webpage on a website 15 Podcast episode
No author 6 Webpage – no date 15 Music 22
1 – 2 authors 7 Blog post 16 22
3 authors 7 Lecture 16 Other sources
4 or more authors 7 Facebook 17 Personal communication 22
Organisation as author 8 Instagram 17 Data set 22
Twitter 17 Indigenous Knowledges 23
Reference components 9
Company information 23
Annual report 23
Tables and figures (including Dataset from a company 24
images) – see the separate database
Chicago 17th B Referencing Company and industry reports 24
Tables and Figures guide

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Using this guide

This guide includes three sections which, when used together, will address how to create in-text citations and
reference list entries in the Chicago 17th B referencing style.

In-text citations explained

Provides information and examples regarding quoting, paraphrasing and other scenarios
primarily impacting your in-text citations.

Author variations
Provides information and examples crucial to the construction of your in-text citations
and reference list. Not sure how to display different numbers of authors, a corporate
author or no author at all? You’ll find the information here.

Reference list examples

Provides information and examples for constructing your reference list entries.

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About Chicago 17th B referencing

Referencing is a standardised method of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that you have used in your
assignments or research, in a way that uniquely identifies the source. It is not only necessary for avoiding plagiarism,
but also for supporting your ideas and arguments.

There are two parts to referencing:

• In-text citation
• Reference list entry

In-text citations explained

In-text citations are included throughout the course of your writing, to acknowledge the sources of information you
have used to build and support your ideas. An in-text citation provides information about the author, the year the
information was published, and sometimes location information such as a page number.

An in-text citation can be presented in different ways:

Stark and Lannister (2019) – the author(s) names are part of the sentence, appearing outside the brackets

(Stark and Lannister 2019) – all the referencing information appears within brackets

The table below provides additional information and examples of how to reference in-text when quoting and
paraphrasing in the Chicago 17thB author-date style.

Quoting (40 words or less)

Quoting is when you copy the exact words from another source into your work.
• Short quotations should be run in (incorporated) within the text
• Place quotation marks around the quote
• In-text citation includes author, year of publication and page number
• Use paragraph number for sources where the page number is not available

In-text citation

According to Palladino and Wade (2010, 147), “a flexible mind is a healthy mind.”

In fact, “a flexible mind is a healthy mind” (Palladino and Wade 2010, 147).

Lee (2015, para. 1) states that, “double quotation marks are used to enclose quoted material.”

“In the APA and Chicago referencing styles, double quotation marks are used to enclose quoted material” (Lee
2015, para. 1).

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Quoting (40 words or more)

• Use a freestanding block of text which:

o Starts on a new line
o Is indented from the left margin
o Does not include quotation marks
• Your in-text citation will appear in brackets after the final punctuation mark and will include the author,
year of publication, and page/paragraph number (note: there is no punctuation mark after the in-text
citation)

In-text citation

In-text citations are important in academic writing, drawing the parallel between the author’s work and the
sources which support it:
The function of any citation-signaller is to alert the reader to some kind of association between the citing
text and the cited text. Citation-signallers may additionally, by using page references or chapter numbers,
single out a particular part of the text as especially relevant. (Langham 2005, 361)

Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing is when you present the ideas of others in your own words.
• In-text citation includes author and year of publication
• Check with your lecturer to see whether you should also include a page number (which is recommended
in the Chicago manual, but not required)

In-text citation

Palladino and Wade (2010) argue that mental well-being is linked with flexible thinking.

It could be argued that mental flexibility is a key factor in well-being (Palladino and Wade 2010).

Multiple sources for the same information

When including multiple sources to support a particular point in your writing or demonstrate a consensus:
• Include all sources in the same set of brackets. You can choose to order these names alphabetically by
author, chronologically by date of publication, or by importance, whichever best supports your work
• Separate the citations with semi colons
• Include a reference list entry for each source

In-text citation

There is an established consensus that the current trend towards a warming climate is directly linked to human
activity (Hegerl 1996; Levitus et al. 2017; NASA, n.d.; Robinson, Hall, and Mote 2014; Santer et al. 2003).

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Multiple works by the same author(s) – published in different years

• Order chronologically in the reference list

• For a publication with no date (n.d.) list this after the authors’ other publications with dates

In-text citation

(Bull 2008). OR Bull (2008) states...

Reference list

Bull, Melissa. 2008. Governing the Heroin Trade: From Treaties to Treatment. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/curtin/detail.action?docID=438571.

Bull, Melissa. 2010. Punishment and Sentencing: Risk, Rehabilitation and Restitution. South Melbourne, VIC:
Oxford University Press. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/curtin/detail.action?docID=1985996.

Multiple works by the same author(s) – published in the same year

• Add a, b, c after the year to differentiate works by the same author(s) published in the same year
• Order alphabetically by the title of the work in the reference list
• For references that have no date (shown by n.d.), use the following forms for the date in the in-text
citation and reference list: (n.d.-a), (n.d.-b) etc.

In-text citation

(Clarke and Fawcett 2014b). AND Clarke and Fawcett (2014a) suggest that…

Reference list

Clarke, Pamela, and Jacqueline Fawcett. 2014a. “Life as a Mentor.” Nursing Science Quarterly 27 (3): 213-215.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0894318414534492.

Clarke, Pamela, and Jaqueline Fawcett. 2014b. “Life as a Nurse Researcher.” Nursing Science Quarterly 27 (1): 37-
41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894318413509708.

Different authors with the same surname

If referring to two or more publications where the primary (first) authors have the same surname, include the first
author’s initials in all in-text citations, even if the year of publication differs.

In-text citation

(B. Johnson 2017). OR According to B. Johnson (2017)…

(M. Johnson, Sanchez, and Zheng 2016). OR M. Johnson, Sanchez, and Zheng (2016) state…

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 Authors citing other authors

Academic content such as books and journal articles will often contain a lot of citations. When do you need to give
credit to the original author (primary source)? Cite the original author when:
• They are quoted by your source (the secondary source)
• When a specific study is discussed in the secondary source and you reproduce findings or arguments from
that study without accessing the primary source
• The in-text citation should include author details from the primary source, as well as the author, year of
publication and page/paragraph number from the secondary source
• Only the secondary source is included in the reference list

In-text citation

…"event in nature or in society” (Blaikie et al. 1994, as quoted by Maldonado et al. 2013, 602).

Lazrus (2012, as quoted by Maldonado et al. 2013, 610) outlines the exemptions for certain populations.

Reference list

Maldonado, Julie, Christine Shearer, Robin Bronen, Kristina Peterson, and Heather Lazrus. 2013. “The Impact of
Climate Change on Tribal Communities in the US: Displacement, Relocation, and Human Rights.” Climatic
Change 120 (3): 601-614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0746-z.

Author variations (for in-text citations and reference list)

Author variations apply to all reference types

No author
Most published scholarly sources will have an author. If no personal author is given, check to see if an
organisation/corporate body has acted as the author and that the source is credible. Where there are no authors
follow the guidelines below:

• Use the title of the work in place of the author in the in-text citation and in the reference list
• If the title is too long, shorten it in the in-text citation but always include the first word of the title
• If the item is a smaller part of a publication (e.g. journal article, book chapter), enclose the title in
quotation marks in both the in-text and reference list
• If the item is a book, brochure, website or report, italicise the title both in the in-text and reference list
Note: Newspaper or magazine articles are exceptions to the above guidelines. Refer to the Newspaper and
magazine article section of this guide

In-text citation

("A Profession In Charge" 2015). OR In the article "A Profession In Charge" (2015) ...

Reference list

"A Profession In Charge of Its Future - A Vision for 2030." 2015. Veterinary Record 177 (20): 503-504.
https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.h6215.

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One – two authors

• List author(s) in every citation

• Include all authors in the reference list entry

In-text citation
(Burns 2015). OR Burns (2015) claimed that…

(Lane and Catling 2016). OR Lane and Catling (2016) found that...

Reference list
Burns, Timothy. 2015. “Philosophy and Poetry: A New Look at an Old Quarrel.” The American Political Science
Review 109 (2): 326-338. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055415000076.

Lane, Rod, and Simon Catling. 2016. “Preservice Primary Teachers’ Depth and Accuracy of Knowledge of Tropical
Cyclones.” Journal of Geography 115 (5): 198-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221341.2016.1153133.

Three authors

• For in-text citations, include all author surnames

• Include all authors in the reference list entry

In-text citation

(Thomas, Russell, and Warren 2018). OR Thomas, Russell, and Warren (2018) found that...

Reference list

Thomas, M’Balia, Alisa L. Russell, and Hannah V. Warren. 2018. “The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly of the Pedagogy
in Harry Potter: An Inquiry into the Personal Practical Knowledge of Remus Lupin, Rubeus Hagrid, and
Serverus Snape.” The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas 91 (4-5): 186-
192. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2018.1433152.

Four or more authors

• For in-text citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (meaning and others)
• Include all authors in the reference list entry

In-text citation
(Crysel et al. 2015). OR Crysel et al. (2015) claimed that...

Reference list
Crysel, Laura C., Corey L. Cook, Tatiana Schember, and Gregory D. Webster. 2015. “Harry Potter and the Measures
of Personality: Extraverted Gryffindors, Agreeable Hufflepuffs, Clever Ravenclaws, and Manipulative
Slytherins.” Personality and Individual Differences 83:174-179.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.016.

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Organisation as author

• If required, organisation names can be abbreviated for the in-text citation, however the name should be
written out in full the first time it is mentioned in text to avoid ambiguity
• If you have used the abbreviated name in the in-text citation, list the abbreviated name first followed by
the organisation’s full name in brackets in the reference list e.g. WHO (World Health Organization)
• Where multiple departments are listed, use the organisation most responsible for the information as the
author. In government documents particularly, the hierarchy is often displayed. For example: Royal Perth
Hospital, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia. The smallest department is usually
primarily responsible for the content (in this case, Royal Perth Hospital)

In-text citation

(Australian Red Cross 2017). OR The Australian Red Cross (2017) argues…

In-text citation: Optional organisation name abbreviation

First citation:
(World Health Organization [WHO] 2018). OR According to the World Health Organization (WHO 2018)….

Subsequent citations:
(WHO 2018). OR WHO (2018) reports…

Reference list

Australian Red Cross. 2017. Climate-Ready Communities: A Guide to Getting Started. Carlton, VIC: Australian Red
Cross. https://www.redcross.org.au/getmedia/b5b004b5-e572-4d9d-a1a1-c8fb5d1be5e3/climate-ready-
communities-a-guide-to-getting-started.pdf.aspx.

WHO (World Health Organization). 2018. Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018. Geneva: World Health
Organisation. https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/en/.

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Reference components

A reference consists of a number of components that allow the identification of the original source. These
components must be presented with specific formatting. Examples for a couple of reference types are provided
below. Find components for additional reference types in the table of reference list examples.

Journal article:

Year Article title Journal Title

The year of publication Display enclosed in quotation marks and in Italicise the title and use
headline style capitalisation – capitalise all headline style capitalisation
significant words

Lee, Christina. 2012. “Have Magic Will Travel: Tourism and Harry Potter’s United (Magical) Kingdom.” Tourist
Studies 12 (1): 52-69. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797612438438.

Volume Issue Number (displayed in

DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
brackets): Page range
Author A stable URL which acts as an online address.
The first author’s surname is listed first, followed by their Not all online sources will have a DOI. If one
first name. The Author variations section of this guide hasn’t been assigned, substitute the URL.
will show you how to present different numbers of
authors

Chapter in an edited ebook

Chapter author
The chapter author is responsible for the
Book title
content within a chapter. Their surname(s)
Chapter title
appear in the in-text citations Appears italicised and in headline-
Display enclosed in style capitalisation
Year
quotation marks using
The year of publication headline-style capitalisation

Applebaum, Peter. 2008. “The Great Snape Debate.” In Critical Perspectives on Harry Potter, 2nd ed., edited by
Elizabeth E. Heilman, 83-100. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203892817.

Chapter page range Edition statement (not provided for a first edition)
Editor
The editor is responsible for bringing together content written by
authors to form a book. Their first name(s) are provided first,
followed by a surname

Page 9 of 25
Reference list examples

Your reference list includes all of the books, journal articles, reports etc. that you have cited in the text of your work. When using the Chicago 17thB style:

• Include the reference list at the end of your work on a new page
• Label the page References with this title appearing centred, at the top of the page (it should not be bolded, underlined, or have quotation marks around it)
• Arrange the list alphabetically by the first author’s surname or organisation name. Where there is no author, use the first word of the title (other than A, An, or The)
• All titles appear in headline style capitalisation (where all significant words are capitalised)
• See an example of a Chicago 17thB reference list in the Chicago Author-Date Referencing Guide: Sample Reference List

Journal and In-text example Reference list example

news articles
Journal article Components: Components:
(Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Article Title.” Journal Title Volume Number (Issue Number): Page Range.
https://doi.org... or URL.

Example Example:
(Burns 2015). Burns, Timothy. 2015. “Philosophy and Poetry: A New Look at an Old Quarrel.” The American Political Science Review 109 (2):
326-338. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055415000076.
(Foley and Anderson
2006). Foley, Gary, and Tim Anderson. 2006. “Land Rights and Aboriginal Voices.” Australian Journal of Human Rights 12 (1): 83-108.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1323238X.2006.11910814.
If quoting:
(Burns 2015, 326).
Extra tips:
• The DOI is given preference over a URL due to its stable nature. If there is no DOI, include the item’s URL
• For print journal articles omit the DOI or URL
• For journal articles without an issue number, list the page number after the volume number separated by a colon e.g.,
25:56-59.
• Where only the volume and a month or season is available, include this in place of the issue number e.g., 25 (May): 56-59.

Page 10 of 25
Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference
 Journal article – Components: Components:
Advanced online (Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Article Title.” Journal Title (forthcoming). https://doi.org... or URL.
publication

Example: Example:
Napoli, Julie, Sonia Dickinson-Delaporte, and Michael B. Beverland. 2016. “The Brand Authenticity Continuum: Strategic
(Napoli, Dickinson- Approaches for Building Value.” Journal of Marketing Management (forthcoming).
Delaporte, and https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2016.1145722.
Beverland 2016)

Extra tips:
If quoting:
• Advance online publications are articles that have been accepted for publication but are published online first ahead of
(Napoli, Dickinson- print. They will not have a volume or issue number
Delaporte, and • If the article has an electronic page range, put this after the term ‘forthcoming’ e.g. (forthcoming): 1-10
Beverland 2016, 122)
Journal article – Components: Components:
published in a (Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Article Title.” Journal Title Volume Number (Suppl. #): Spage range. https://doi.org... or
supplement URL.

Example: Example:
(Lock 2005) Lock, Margaret. 2005. “Eclipse of the Gene and the Return of Divination.” Current Anthropology 46 (Suppl. 5): S47–S70.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/432452.

If quoting:
(Lock 2005, S50 ) Extra tips:
• Replace issue number with supplement letter or number e.g. Suppl. A or Suppl. 5
• For print journal articles, use the reference components above omitting the DOI or URL

Page 11 of 25
Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference
 Newspaper or Components: Components:
magazine article (Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Title of Article.” Newspaper/Magazine Title, Month Day, Year. URL.

Example: Example:
(Haberman and
Baker 2017) Haberman, Maggie, and Peter Baker. 2017. “In Call with Times Reporter, Trump Projects Air of Calm Over Charges.” New York
Times, November 1, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/01/us/politics/trump-russia-charges.html.
(Weekend Edition
Saturday Example: No author
2015)
Weekend Edition Saturday. 2015. “Fairytales Exist: Migrants Get a Football Team of Their Own.” May 9, 2015.
If quoting: https://search.proquest.com.docview?1679726805?accountid=10382.
(Weekend Edition
Saturday 2015, 23) Extra tips:
• If the article has no author, use the title of the newspaper or magazine in place of the author for the in- text citation. The
When quoting, if the name of the newspaper and/or magazine is italicised
article has no page • For print articles, include the page number after the month day and year (e.g. May 9, 2015, 5)
number, cite the • In the reference list, repeat the year of publication with the month, day and year
paragraph number
Books In-text example Reference list example

Book Components Components:

(Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. Book Title. # ed. Place of Publication: Publisher. https://doi.org... or URL.

Examples: Examples:
(Fleer 2015)
Doyle, Timothy, Doug McEachern, and Sherilyn MacGregor. 2015. Environment and Politics. 4th ed. Milton Park, NSW:
(Doyle, McEachern, Routledge. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/curtin/detail.action?docID=2194948.
and MacGregor
2015) Fleer, Marilyn. 2015. Science for Children. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Extra tips:
If quoting: • An edition number is placed after the title of the work – this is not necessary for the first edition
(Fleer 2015, 5) • If the author(s) first name is not provided, use initials

Page 12 of 25
Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference
 Chapter in an Components Components
edited book (Author Year) Chapter Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Title of Chapter.” In Title of Book, # ed., edited by Editor(s) First Name(s) Last
Name, Chapter Page Range. Place of Publication: Publisher. https://doi.org... or URL.

Examples: Examples:
(Renner, Brew, and Kickett-Tucker, Cheryl, and Josey Hansen. 2017. “Ngalang Moort: Family as the Building Block of Community Development.”
Proctor 2013) In Mia Mia Aboriginal Community Development: Fostering Cultural Security, edited by Cheryl Kickett-Tucker, Dawn
Bessarab, Juli Coffin, and Michael Wright, 199-216. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107741768.
(Kickett-Tucker and
Hansen 2017) Renner, Adam, Bridget Brew, and Crystal Proctor. 2013. “Plotting Inequality, Building Resistance.” In Rethinking Mathematics:
Teaching Social Justice by the Numbers, 2nd ed., edited by Eric Gutstein and Bob Peterson, 175-180. Milwaukee, WI:
Rethinking Schools.
If quoting:
(Renner, Brew, and Extra tips:
Proctor 2013, 177) • For online books, the DOI is given preference over a URL due to its stable nature. If one has been assigned, include it in
your reference. If you cannot locate a DOI, include the item’s URL
• For books with an edition, place the edition number after the title of the book – this is not necessary for first editions
• Use this format for authored articles in Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias

Conference Components: Components:

paper or poster (Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Title of Paper.” Paper presented at the Name of Conference, City, State/Country, Month
Day(s), Year. https://doi.org... or URL.

Example: Example:
(Loughnane 2014) Loughnane, Lawrence. 2014. “Innovation and Strategy: Linking Management Practices to Achieve Superior Performance.”
Paper presented at the European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Belfast, Ireland, September 18-19,
2014. https://www.proquest.com/conference-papers-proceedings/innovation-strategy-linking-management-
If quoting practices/docview/1674838588/se-2?accountid=10382.
(Loughnane 2014, 5)
Extra tips:
• If publication details such as dates or location are not provided, you can easily discover this information by searching for
the Conference Name on Google
• A Conference paper included in published proceedings is treated like a chapter from a book. If the paper is published in a
journal, it is treated as a journal article

Page 13 of 25
Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference
 Thesis Components: Components:
Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Title of Thesis.” PhD diss., or Master’s thesis, University Name. https://doi.org... or
(Author Year) URL.

Examples:
Example: Dowling, Carol Susan. 2017. “ ‘Find One of Your Own Kind’: Auto-ethnography and My Aboriginal Women Ancestors.” PhD
thesis, Curtin University. https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/73585.
(Ling 2015)
Gao, Wenran. 2018. “Fuel Properties and Thermal Processing of Bio-oil and Its Derived Full Mixtures.” PhD diss., Curtin
University. https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/75545.
If quoting:
Ling, Justin. 2015. “Lords and Ladies of the Modern Age.” Master’s thesis, Mills College.
(Ling 2015, 88) https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/lords-ladies-modern-age/docview/1676462563/se-
2?accountid=10382.

Extra tip:
• Following the title of the thesis, indicate the level of the thesis using either
o PhD diss. for a thesis submitted for PhD
o Master’s thesis

Book review Components: Components:

(Author Year) Reviewer Surname, First Name(s). Year. Review of Book Title, by Author’s First Name(s) Surname (of the book). Journal Title
Volume Number (Issue Number): Page Range. https://doi.org... or URL.

Examples: Examples:
(Gerry 2015) Gerry, Michelle. 2015. Review of More Library Mashups: Exploring New Ways to Deliver Library Data, edited by Nicole C.
Engard. Technical Services Quarterly 32 (3): 364-366. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317131.2015.1032111.

If quoting: Robbins, Mark. 2011. Review of The American Bird Conservancy Guide to Bird Conservation by Daniel J. Lebbin, Michael J. Parr
(Gerry 2015, 364) and George H. Fenwick. The Quarterly Review of Biology 86 (4): 343-344. https://doi.org/10.1086/662504.

Extra tips:
• Name of book author or editor of the item being reviewed should be displayed as First Name Surname
• Use editor name in place of author’s name for an edited book

Page 14 of 25
Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference
 Websites and In-text example Reference list example
social media
Entire website Components: Components:
(Owning Owning Organisation. Year. Title of Website. URL.
Organisation Year)
Example:
Example: Government of Western Australia. n.d. Perth Zoo. Accessed March 20, 2017. http://perthzoo.wa.gov.au.
(Government of
Western Extra tips:
Australia, n.d.) • If citing from a particular page on the website, use the Webpage reference type
• If citing a website with no date, give an access date before the URL and use n.d. (meaning no date) in place of the year

Webpage Components: Components:

(Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s) or Organisation Name. Year. “Title of Webpage.” Owning Organisation. URL.

Example: Example:
(Department of Department of Education. 2019. “Higher Education Statistics.” Australian Government. https://www.education.gov.au/higher-
Education 2019) education-statistics.

If quoting: Extra tips:

(Department of • Use when referring to a specific page on a website (not the entire website)
Education 2019, • If you have used the abbreviated name in the in-text citation, list the abbreviated name first followed by the
para. 3) organisation’s full name in brackets in the reference list e.g. WHO (World Health Organization)

Webpage – no Components: Components:

date (Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s) or Organisation Name. n.d. “Title of Webpage.” Owning Organisation. Accessed Month Day,
Year. URL.

Example: Example:
(DevelopmentWA, Development WA. n.d. “Elizabeth Quay.” Government of Western Australia. Accessed March 8, 2016.
n.d.) http://www.mra.wa.gov.au/projects-and-places/elizabeth-quay.

Extra tip:
• Provide an access date for webpages with no date (as shown in the example above)

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 Blog post Components: Components:
(Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s). “Title of Blog Post.” Title of Blog, Month Day, Year. URL.

Example: Example:

(Sentance 2019) Sentance, Nathan M. 2019. “Anniversaries Need to be Uncomfortable.” Archival Decolonist (blog), November 6, 2019.
https://archivaldecolonist.com/2019/11/06/anniversaries-need-to-be-uncomfortable/.

If quoting: Extra tips:

(Sentance 2019,
para. 1) • Add the word (blog) if the title of the blog does not contain the word ‘Blog’
• If the author’s name is not available, provide the username
When quoting, if the • Comments are not included in the reference list, but should be cited within the text itself, e.g.
source has no page
numbers, use a A comment on the Library closing message (2015) from the Curtin Library Blog on May 2, 2015 suggested that…
paragraph number.
Lecture Components: Components:
(Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Title of Lecture.” Format. URL.

Example: Example:
(Richardson 2015)
Leaver, Tama. 2012. “Social Media Rivers.” iLecture.
If quoting: http://echo.ilecture.curtin.edu.au:8080/ess/echo/presentation/893b5284-ecad-4ad4-8af7-0ad2a1e19e24.
(Richardson 2015,
slide 9) Richardson, Christine. 2015. “RDA Management.” PowerPoint slides. https://lms.curtin.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid3704556-dt-
content-rid-21756633_1/xid-21756633_1.
(Leaver 2012, 1:30)

When quoting,
include the slide Extra tip:
number for • Include the format of the lecture notes after the title of the lecture
PowerPoint lectures
and a timestamp for
recorded lectures

Page 16 of 25
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 Facebook Components: Components:
(Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s) (Screen Name). Year. “First sentence of the post.” Facebook, Month Day, Year. URL.

Example:
Example: Obama, Barack (@barackobama). 2018. “During my presidency, I started a tradition of sharing my reading lists and play lists.”
(Obama 2018) Facebook, January 1, 2018. https://www.facebook.com/barackobama/posts/10155532677446749.

Extra tip:
• Follow the style of capitalisation used in the post, rather than the headline-style capitalisation required for titles in other
reference types

Instagram Components: Components:

(Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s) (Screen Name). Year. “First sentence of the post.” Instagram photo, Month Day, Year. URL.

Example:
Example: Curtin University Library. 2019. “Happy Halloween.” Instagram photo, October 31, 2019.
(Souza 2018) https://www.instagram.com/p/B4RCOF-D2TD/2019.

Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2018. “A loving touch.” Instagram photo, February 8, 2018.
https://www.instagram.com/p/Be8MsHcl8DP/.

Extra tip:
• Follow the style of capitalisation used in the post, rather than the headline-style capitalisation required for titles in other
reference types

Twitter Components: Components:

(Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s) (Screen Name). Year. “Text of the Tweet.” Twitter, Month Day, Year, Time, URL.

Example:
Example: Jackman, Hugh (@RealHughJackman). 2015. “At the dentist…This is BEFORE I found out I was having a tooth pulled photo.”
(Jackman 2015) Twitter, November 12, 2015, 5:42 a.m. https://twitter.com/RealHughJackman/status/664800426961870849.

Extra tip:
• Follow the style of capitalisation used in the post, rather than the headline-style capitalisation required for titles in other
reference types

Page 17 of 25
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 Reports and In-text example Reference list entry
grey literature
Government or Components: Components:
organisation (Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s) or Government Department Name or Organisation Name. Year. Title of Report. Report
report Number. Place of Publication: Publisher. URL.

Examples: Examples:
(AIHW 2015) Aboriginal Child, Family and Community Care State Secretariat. 2017. Our Families, Our Way: Strengthening Aboriginal
(Nowell et al. 2016) Families So Their Children Can Thrive. MarrickVille, N.S.W.: AbSec.
https://www.absec.org.au/images/downloads/AbSec-Feb2017-Our-families-our-way-program-framework-final.pdf.

If quoting: ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 2022. Retail Trade, Australia. Canberra, ACT: ABS.
(AIHW 2015, 40) https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/industry/retail-and-wholesale-trade/retail-trade-australia/dec-2021.
(Nowell et al. 2016,
16) AIHW (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare). 2015. Emergency Department Care 2014-15: Australian Hospital
Statistics. Cat. No. HSE 168. Canberra: AIHW. https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/0fd096e0-b481-4f92-
98d72f9c8719/19527_1.pdf.aspx?inline=true.

CSIRO. 2016. Australia 2030: Navigating our Uncertain Future. Canberra, ACT: CSIRO. https://www.csiro.au/en/Do-
business/Futures/Reports/Australia-2030.

Nowell, Kirstin, Juan Li, Mikhail Paltsyn, and Rishi Kumar Sharma. 2016. An Ounce of Prevention: Snow Leopard Crime
Revisited. Cambridge, UK: Traffic. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/Traf-145.pdf.

Extra tips:
• If you cannot locate certain elements (e.g., place of publication, publisher, report or catalogue number), omit them from
your reference
• If an abbreviation is used in the in-text, list the abbreviation first, followed by the organisation's full name in brackets for
the reference list. However, where an organisation is commonly known by its acronym (e.g., CSIRO, Qantas, NASA), list
the acronym in the reference list without the full name in brackets, as in the CSIRO example.

Page 18 of 25
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 Press release Components: Components:
(Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. "Title of Release." Release type, Month Day, Year of release. URL.

Example: Example:
(Birmingham 2017) Birmingham, Simon. 2017. "Tens of Thousands of Preschoolers to Learn a Language in 2017." Media release, January 9, 2017.
https://ministers.education.gov.au/birmingham/tens-thousands-preschoolers-learn-language-2017.
If quoting:
(Birmingham 2017, Extra tip:
para 2) • Most common releases include ‘Media Release’ or ‘Press Release’

Brochure, fact Components: Components:

sheet or (Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s) or Organisation Name. Year. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher. URL.
pamphlet
Example Example:
(Department of Department of Health. 2015. The Flu and You. Australian Government.
Health 2015) https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/1C33C010A07D32D8CA257E35007F692B/$File/flu-
brochure.pdf.
If quoting:
(Department of Extra tip:
Health 2015, para. 2) • For print material, omit the URL

Legislation and In-text example Reference list example

Standards
Act of Components: The Chicago 17thB Manual does not cover Australian legal materials. The guidelines below are based on the Australian Guide
Parliament Title of Act Year to Legal Citation.
(Jurisdiction)
Components:
Example: Short Title of Act Year (Jurisdiction) Section # and subdivision (if relevant). URL.
Section 40 of the
Copyright Act 1968 Example:
(Cth) states that “fair Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) S. 40. https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca1968133/.
dealing with a
literary, dramatic…” Extra tips:
• For in-text citations and reference lists, italicize the Act title and year and abbreviate the jurisdiction
• If quoting, include the section/paragraph/part number as applicable
• Reference list -separate from the main body of the list under the subheading: Legislation

Page 19 of 25
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 Case Components: The Chicago 17thB manual does not cover Australian legal materials. The guidelines below are based on the Australian Guide
Case Name (Year) to Legal Citation

Example: Components:
In Shea v News Ltd. Case Name (Year). Volume Number Law Report Series Starting Page or Pinpoint. URL.
(2015) the court
ruled that… Example:
Shea v News Ltd. (2015). WASC 1. http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sign.cgi/au/cases/wa/WASC/2015/1.
If quoting:
(Shea v News Ltd. Extra tips:
2015, 2) • Cases are only included in the Reference List if considered essential to your argument
• If you decide to include a case in your reference list, set it apart from the main body of the reference list under the
subheading: Legal Authorities
• If the case is obtained from an electronic database, add a URL as for electronic journal articles
•
Standard Components: Components:
Standard Issuer Name. Year. Title of Standard. Standard Number. Publisher. URL.

Example:
Standards Australia. 2009. Wire-Rope Slings: Product Specification. AS 1666.1-2009. Techstreet Enterprise.
https://subscriptions-techstreet-com.eu1.proxy.openathens.net/products/808308.

Extra tip:
• If the standard is in book form, reference it as you would reference a book
Audiovisual In-text example Reference list example
media
Film or video Components: Components:
(Creator Year) Creator’s Surname, First Name(s). Year. Title of Work. Format. Contribution by First Name(s) Surname of Contributor. Place of
Publication: Publisher.

Example: Example:
(Gameau and Batzias Gameau, Damon, and Nick Batzias. 2014. That Sugar Film. DVD. Directed by Damon Gameau. Australia: Madmen
2014) Entertainment.

If quoting: Extra tip:

(Gameau and Batzias • In-text citation: If quoting, include a timestamp in the format HH:MM:SS
2014, 01:11:4)

Page 20 of 25
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 TV series Components: Components:
episode (Creator Year) Creator’s Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Title of Episode.” Season #, episode #. Title of Series. Format. Place of Publication:
Publisher.
Example:
(Bender 2016) Example:
Bender, Jack. 2016. “The Door.” Season 6, episode 5. Game of Thrones. Television program. New York: HBO.
If quoting:
(Bender 2016, Extra tips:
01:13:10) • Use the same components for a radio program
• Omit season and episode number if unavailable
• If quoting, include a timestamp in the format HH:MM:SS
TV series Components: Components:
(Creator Year) Creator’s Surname, First Name(s). Year. Title of Series. Format. Main Contributor’s First Name(s) Surname. Place of
Publication: Publisher.

Example: Example:
(da Mosto 2008) da Mosto, Francesco. 2008. Francesco’s Mediterranean Voyage. Television series. Directed by Andrea Carnevali and Nicola
Searle. London: BBC.

If quoting: Extra tips:

(da Mosto 2008, • Use the same components for a radio series
02:35) • Replace director with producer or writer as applicable

YouTube or Components Components:

streaming video (Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. Title of Video. Format, Running length time. URL.

Example: Example:
(OfficialPsy 2012) OfficialPsy. 2012. Gangnam Style. YouTube video, 04:12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bZkp7q19f0.

If quoting: Extra tips:

(OfficialPsy 2012, • The person or group who posted the video is credited as the author for retrievability
03:27) • If the real name of the person who posted the video is unknown, include only the username
• If quoting, include a timestamp in the format HH:MM:SS

Page 21 of 25
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 Podcast episode Components: Components:
(Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Title of Podcast Episode.” Episode #. Title of Podcast Series. Format. Name of Website.
Place of Publication: Publisher. URL.

Example: Example:
(Malcom 2018) Malcolm, Lynne. 2018. "Tripping for Depression." All in the Mind. Audio podcast. ABC Radio National. Sydney: ABC.
https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/allinthemind/tripping-for-depression/10223006.
If quoting:
(Malcom 2018, Extra tips:
30:55) • The author can be a producer, writer, speaker or presenter
• If the podcast episode number is not provided, omit it from the reference list
• If quoting, include a timestamp in the format HH:MM:SS
Music Components: Components:
(Creator Year) Creator Surname, First Name(s), Role. Year. “Title of Track.” Track # on Title of Record. Format. Publisher.

Example: Example:
(The Wombats 2017) Rihanna, vocalist. 2007. "Umbrella." Track 1 on Good Girl Gone Bad. MP3 audio. Island Def Jam.

The Wombats, band. 2017. Beautiful People Will Ruin Your Life. MP3 Audio. Warner Music Australia.

Extra tips:
• Only the title of the album is italicised. Quotation marks are used for the individual title tracks
• The role of the creator can be a vocalist, composer, conductor, director, performer or other person responsible for the
content
• Reference components should be adapted to suit the requirements of your referencing: track versus album as shown
above

Other sources In-text example Reference list example

Personal Example: Personal communications are not included in the reference list
communication
There was no basis Extra tips:
for the copyright • Include the words ‘personal communication’ within your in-text citation
claim (J. Smith, • Initials can be used for first names
personal • Personal communication can include emails, conversations, letters or text message or messages shared via social media
communication,
February 9, 2016)

Page 22 of 25
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 Unpublished Example: Unpublished interviews are not included in the reference list
interview (Mary Jones,
unpublished Extra tips:
interview, May 7, • Include the term “interview” within your in-text citation
2017) • Each person cited must be fully identified in the text
• An interview with a person who prefers to remain anonymous may be cited in whatever form is appropriate in context.
(Interview with The absence of a name should be explained (e.g. All interviews were conducted in confidence, and the names of
health-care worker, interviewees are withheld by mutual agreement)
July 31, 2017)

Dataset Components: Components:

(Investigator Year) Investigator’s Surname, First Name(s). Year. Title of Dataset. Dataset. Publisher. https://doi.org... or URL.

Example: Example:
(Irino and Tada Irino, Tomohisa, and Ryuji Tada. 2009. Chemical and Mineral Compositions of Sediments from ODP Site 127-797. Dataset.
2009) Geological Institute, University of Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.726855.

Extra tips:
• Year refers to the year of publication of the dataset; not the year of publication of the paper which contains the dataset
• The DOI is given preference over a URL due to its stable nature. If one has been assigned, include it in your reference. If
you cannot locate a DOI, include the item’s URL

Indigenous
Knowledges Indigenous Knowledges are those which are held, and continuously developed by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
in Australia. IP Australia (2021) defines two distinct areas:

• Traditional Cultural Expressions – including languages, stories, songlines, music, performances, visual arts, crafts,
architecture, designs, and symbols.
• Traditional Knowledge – including know-how, practices, skills, and innovations, often related but not limited to
agricultural, scientific, technical, ecological, medicinal, and biodiversity-related knowledge.

See Indigenous Knowledges in the Chicago 17thB online guide for information and examples on referencing Indigenous
Knowledges.

Page 23 of 25
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 Company In-text example Reference list example
information

Annual report Components: Components:

(Author Year) Organisation Name. Year. Title of Report. Place of Publication: Publisher. URL.

Example: Example:
(Qantas 2015) Qantas. 2015. A Strong, Sustainable Future: Qantas Annual Report 2015. Sydney: Qantas.
https://www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/investors/2015AnnualReport.pdf.
If quoting:
(Qantas 2015, 23) Extra tips:
• If author name is provided, use this in place of the organisation name
• Where the place of publication or publisher is unavailable, omit these elements from your reference

Dataset created Components: Components:

using a company (Database Name Database Name. Year. Title of Dataset. Dataset. Accessed Month Day, Year. Database URL.
database Year)
Example:
Example: Morningstar Datanalysis Premium. 2014. GICS Industry Metals & Mining: Financial Data. Dataset. Accessed October 9, 2014.
(Morningstar https://datanalysis.morningstar.com.au.
Datanalysis Premium
2014) Extra tips:
• Use the name of the database used to create the dataset as the author

Company and Components: Components:

industry reports (Author Year) Author Surname, First Name(s) or Organisation Name. Year. “Title of Report.” Report Series Title. URL.
sourced from a
company Example: Examples:
database (Anning 2015) Baikie, Victoria. 2021. “Art Galleries and Museums in Australia.” IBISWorld Industry Report.
https://my.ibisworld.com/au/en/industry/r8910/about.
(IBISWorld 2016)
IBISWorld. 2021. “Sigma Healthcare Limited.” IBISWorld Company Report. https://my.ibisworld.com/au/en/company-
reports/9965/company-details.

Page 24 of 25
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 Company and Components: Components:
industry profile Author’s Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Title of Profile.” Profile Series Title. URL.
from a company
database Examples:
Euromonitor International. 2020. “Ferraro & Related Parties in Packaged Food (World).” Passport.
https://www.warc.com/content/article/ferrero-and-related-parties-food/90830.

Extra tips:
• Use the name of the company which created the profile as the author if author information is not provided

Page 25 of 25
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