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Maths Chapter Linear Ineqation for class 10
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
38 views13 pagesInequation 10
Maths Chapter Linear Ineqation for class 10
Uploaded by
Raj SinhaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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4.3 SOLVING. LINEAR INEQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE
Solving an inequation in one variable is much like solving an caer in one variable
because most of the basic rules apply. Of course, there is one exception.
4.3.1 Solving linear inequations in one variable
The rules for solving inequations are similar to those for solving linear equations except
for multiplying or dividing by a negative number.
You can do any thing of the following to an inequation:
() add (or subtract) the same number or expression to both sides.
(ii) any number (or expression) can be transposed from one side of an inequation to
the other side with the sign of the transposed number (or expression) changed (+ve
to —ve or -ve to +ve).
(ii) multiply (or divide) both sides by the same positive number.
However, when you multiply (or divide) by the same negative number, then the symbol
of inequation is reversed,
For example :
(i Ifx <2, then -x > -2 (Multiplying by ~1)
(i) If 3x -1> 5, then ~ 4 (@x - 1) < - 20 (Multiplying by - 4)
(ii) If - 6x < 12, then x > -2 (Dividing by — 6)
Thus, always reverse the symbol of an inequation when multiplying or dividing by the same
negative number.
4.3.2 Procedure to solve a linear inequation in one variable
© Simplify both sides by removing group symbols and collecting like terms,
(@) Remove fractions (or decimals) by multiplying both sides by an appropriate factor
(L.CM. of denominators or a power of 10 in case of decimals).
(iii) Isolate all variable terms on one side and all constants on the other side. Collect like
terms when possible
(i2) Make the coefficient of the variable 1
(2) Choose the solution set from the replacement set.
eT aie
\Mf the replacement set is not given, then it is to be taken as R.
Illustrative Examples
Frample 1. Given x € (-3, 4-5, — 6) and 9<1_ 2 find the possible values of x. Also
represent its solution set on the number line.
Solution. Given 9 < 1 — 2x
= 24+951-2 42% (Add 2x)
=> &+9<1
> 2x+9+(-9)<14+(¢-9) (Add — 9)
= 25-8
=> x<-4 (Divide by 2)
jut x € ([-3,-4,—5, 6),
»
the solution set is (- 4, -5, — 6), ‘The graph of the solution set is shown by thick dots on the number line.
>
x 0 x
Example 2. Solve the inequation 3 — 2x > x ~ 12, given that x « N.
Solution. Given 3 - 2x > x - 12
= (-3) +3 - 2x > x- 12 + (-3) (Add — 3)
5 Sesame
> (-x) - 2x = (Gx) +x-15 (Add - x)
> 2aeeene i
= (-4)es(-Jem [Multiply by - 2 and the symbol]
3 S35 ply by - 5 reverse the symbi
> x5 but reNiexe[l,2.3,45,.}
% the solution set is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
Example 3. If the replacement set is the set of integers lying between -3 and 10, find the
solution set of 14 ~ 5x > 3x — 40. Also represent the solution set on the number line.
Solution. Given 14 - 5x > 3x ~ 40
=> 14-5x 45x >3x-40 + 5x (Add 5x)
=> M28r-40
> 144402 8x-40+ 40 (Add 40)
> 54 > 8x
= ox <54 (a2 b> b -G<2-4 § Pd
2x41
3
Example 5. Solve
Solution, Given 417 2 3*=?,
Multiplying both sides by 15, L.C.M. of 3 and 5, we get
52x + 1) >3(3x-2) > 10x+529x-6
(-9x) + 10x + 5 > (-9x) + 9x - 6 (Add - 9x)
x+52>-6
x+5 + (-5) >-6 + (-5) (Add -5) —
x2-11.
Hence, the solution set is {x : x € R, x > -11}
The graph of the solution set is shown by the thick portion of the number line. The solid
Gircle at -11 indicates that the number —11 is included among the solutions.
a sie 3
x
UuUuY
ample 6. Solve * > aS 7#=5 R. Also represent the solution se Heathen
a 4
Solution. Given $52 Tes
Multiplying both sides by 60, LC.M. of 4, 3 and 5, we get
15x > 20 (5x ~ 2) ~ 12 (7x ~ 3)
15x > 100x ~ 40 - 84x + 36
15x > 16x ~ 4
15x - 16x > ~ 4
~x>-4
x<4 butreR.
Hence, the solution set is x: x ¢ R, x < 4}.
The graph of the solution set is
Circle at 4 indicates that the numbe:
UUUUY
shown by thick portion of the number line. The open
4 is not included among the solutions.
i
x
Example 7. Find the range of values
x € R. Graph the solution set on
Solution, Given ~ 2s 41<2,
2
of x, which satisfy the inequation -1<3*41<2,
the number line, 5a
j Ones
| Multiplying throughout by 10, LCM. of 5, 10 and 5, we get
| -2<3r+10<4
= ~2-1053x + 10+ (10) <4 + (10)
=> -W2<3r<-6 ‘ Hence, the solution set is (x: x ¢ R,-4.< x <-2},
>= >
x
x
The graph of the solution set is shown by the thick portion of the number line. The solid
circle at -4 indicates that the number —4 is included among the solutions and the open
circle at - 2 indicates that the number ~ 2 is not included among the solutions.
Example 8. Solve the following inequation and represent the solution set on the number
line
-85.<-+-4x< 71 xe 2017,
peg eS 7h xe (2017)
Solution, Given ~84.<-1 — 4x < 7
wo 15
Beg <5
oi LESS
BelZg el 11 3 Ie a
= -Yalch-tiars Bat {Adding 5)
=> -8<-4 <8
er 2) (Dividing by - 4)
= -2 -3x-2r<-3-4
E> -5x<—7 > 5x >7
Es x> 2 >x>12 butreN,
. P= (2,3,4,5,....)
Also 4x - 5 < 12
= 4x<12+5 >4x<17
= x< 72 Sx<4t butxeW,
Q= (0, 1,2, 3, 4)
(@PAQ=2,3,4) (elements common to P and Q)
(i) Q-P=(0,1) (elements of Q but not of P)
Example 10, Solve the following inequation, and graph the solution on the number line:
dx -5<5x+4 -3xs9 and 5x <7
@
> x2-Band r -3sx-Zandx<1
Bi
= -3 263+ x2 360
=> x2 360 + (-263) > x297,
John should score 97 marks or greater than 97 marks in the fourth test to obtain A
grade.
Example 15. An integer is such that one-third of the next integer is atleast 2 more than
one-fourth of the previous integer. Find the smallest value of the integer.
Solution, Let the integer be x, then one-third of the next integer is a and one-fourth of
: x
the previous integer is
According to given, **1>**+2
=> 4(x+1)23@-1) 42x12
4x +42 3x-3+24
4x —3x 2-3 + 24-4
x217.
The smallest value of x = 17.
Example 16, Find three largest consecutive natural numbers such that the sum of one-third
of first, one-fourth of second and one-fifth of the third is atmost 25.
Solution, Let three required consecutive natural numbers be x, x + Land x + 2.
According to given, zee. aaa <25
=> 20x + 15(x + 1) + 12(¢ + 2) $ 25 x 60
»UUY
Linear Ing 20x + 15x + 15 + 12x + 24 < 1500
47x + 39 < 1500
47x < 1500 - 39
47x < 1461 = x < ML “
UuUuUY
xsais.
The hee value of x = 31
re, /X+1=314+1=32andx+2=314+2=33,
Hence, the required natural numbers are 31, 32 and 33,
Cay
1. Solve the inequation 3x - 11 < 3, where x (1, 2, 3, ..., 10}. Also represent its solution
on a number line.
2 Solve 2(x —3) <1, x € {1, 2,3, ..., 10}.
3. Solve 5 ~ 4x > 2 - 3x, x © W. Also
4. List the solution set of 30 — 4(2x —
5. Solve 2(x — Pca =) 2,x {-3, -2,
represent its solution on the number line.
1) < 30, given that x is a positive integer.
-1,0,1, 2, 3).
@lE xis a negative integer, find the solution set of eet (x+1)>0.
7. Solve x - 3 (2 + x) > 2Gx - 1), x © {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2}. Also represent its solution on
the number line. eB
. Given x € (1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6,7, 9},
2
wires ae
°
). List the solution set of the i inequation + 5 + 8x > 5x — Bex eZ.
BO TGtEN.
M1. Find the values of x, which satisfy the inequation :
10, List the solution set of =? » 9-3: , 3
1 248
Oe ea
Graph the solution set on the number line.
12. If x © W, find the solution set of 3x ~ =
number line, if possible.
13. Solve :
() 5 +55 = + 6, where x is a positive odd integer,
er 3x-1
(i) => 2. where x is positive even integer,
14. Given that x € I, solve the inequation and graph the solution on ther nm nber line:
xa4,x
eee are
15. Solve 1 > 15- 7x > 2x-27,xeEN. 17. Solve 3x - 5 $ 6x +4< 11 + x, when
(@xeW (i) xeZ
Represent the solution set on a real number line in each case.
0 < Sx=7
18, Solve , x © Rand represent the solution set on the number line.
3x _2x-1
19. Solve roe > 1,x © Rand represent the solution set on the number line.
20. Solve the following inequation and represent the solution on the number line:
3x : x
Barersass+5xeR (2020) |
21. Solving the following inequation, write the solution set and represent it on the number
line
=3(r-7)215-7x> 7th xeR (2016)
22, Solve the following inequation, write down the solution set and represent it on the real |
number line:
-2 + 10x < 13x + 10 < 24+ 10x,x € Z. (2018)
23, Solve the inequation 2x - 5 < 5x + 4 < 11, where x ¢ I. Also represent the solution set
on the number line.
oh If x € I, A is the solution set of 2(x - 1) < 3x - 1 and B is the solution set of
4x-3<8 +x, find ANB.
25, A= {x:1x-5>7x+3,x € R) and
B= {x: 18x-9 215 + 12x, x € R).
Find set A 0B and represent it on a number line.
26, Given: P= (x:5<2x-1<1,xeR),
Q= (r:-1<3 + 4x < 23, x € Il) where R = (real numbers}, I = (integers).
Represent P and Q on number lines. Write down the elements of PQ.
27, If x € 1, find the smallest value of x which satisfies the inequation
28, Given 20 - 5x < 5(x + 8), find the smallest value of x when
@xel (ij) xeW (il) x EN.
29, Solve the following inequation and represent the solution set on the number line;
sxe-19< B-2s-F+nreR (2012)
30, Solve the given inequation and graph the solution on the number line :
ay-39, "> 4x +7 are called linear inequations
in one variable.
In general, a linear inequation in one variable x can always be written as ax +b <0,
ax +b <0, ax +b > 0 or ax + b > 0 where a, b are real numbers, a + 0.
OD The set from which values of the variable (involved in the inequation) are chosen is called the
replacement set.
Di A solution to an inequation is a number (chosen from replacement set) which, when substituted —
for the variable, makes the inequation true. The set of all solutions of an inequation is called the
solution set of the inequation.
© Solving linear inequations in one variable
‘The rules for solving inequations are similar to those for solving linear equations except
for multiplying or dividing by a negative number.
You can do anything of the following to an inequation:
(i) Add (or subtract) the same number or expression to both sides. q
(i) Any number (or expression) can be transposed from one side of an inequation t©
the other side with the sign of the transposed number (or expression) S
(4ve to -ve or -ve to +e).
(iii) Multiply (or divide) both sides by the same positive number. However, WI
you multiply (or divide) by the same negative number, then the symbol of
inequality is reversed,
(Procedure to solve a linear inequation in one variable
“(0 Simplify both sides by removing group symbols and collecting like
JOSE MATHEMATICS-x pie ee (i) Remove fractions (or decimals) by multiplying both sides by an appropriate factor
(L.CM. of denominators or a power of 10 in case of decimals).
(iii) Isolate all variable terms on one side and all constants on the other side. Collect
like terms when possible.
(iv) Make the coefficient of the variable 1
(v) Choose the solution set from the replacement set.
(. If the replacement set is not given, then take it as R.
apter Test
1. Solve the inequation : 5x - 2 < 3 (3 - x), where x € {-2,-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4). Also represent
its solution on the number line.
2. Solve the inequation: 6x - 5 < 3x + 4, xe 1
3. Find the solution set of the inequation: x + 5 < 2x + 3, x e R. Graph the solution set
on the number line.
4. If x € R (real numbers) and -1 < 3 ~ 2x < 7, find solution set and represent it on a
number line.
5x+1 =i
7
6. Find the range of values of x, which satisfy 7 < - 4x + 2 < 12, x « R. Graph these values
of x on the real number line.
5. Solve the inequation
~4(42) 2134 xeR
NZ 5
7
7. If x € R, solve 2x-3>x + 12> 2 x. Also represent the solution on the number line.
\On solving 2x - 3 > x + 1—*, we get x> 3, and on solving
\
Jax 2 5 5
\ x4 Gee Gawegetr>-7 x25
8. Find positive integers which are such that if 6 is subtracted from five times the integer
then the resulting number cannot be greater than four times the integer
9. Find three smallest consecutive natural numbers such that the difference between one-
third of the largest and one-fifth of the smallest is atleast 3. 1. 740440 2, %20825 3. 88421 4. 10% pa.
6. (i) 87500 (i) 12% 7. 6% 8. 6%pa
10. (i) 8800 (i) €20400 11. %500 12. 3 years
Multiple Choice Questions
L® 20 3.(@)
Chapter Test :
1, 345150 2. Anshul; €317:50 3. () 125% p.a. (ii) 79800
4. 71500 5. years
Exercise 3 Tas
1. 7108 2, %35500 3. %2500;%160 4. =110
5. (i) 6600 (ii) %375 (iii) 20 6. 227000; 102%
7. 8640; 82% 8. (1) 825. (ii) 832 9. () 50 (ii) 8375
10. (i) 300 (i) T4500 (if) 125% 11. (1) 242 (ii) T3630 (ii) 12.5%
12. 375 13. (980 (ii) 15% 14. (1) 300 (i) 74500
15. (i) 21260 (i) 75% 16. (i) 80000 (i) £720; 53%
17. (i) 79000 (ii) 81440 (ii) 7180 18. 7150
19. (i) %5000 (i) %320 (ii) 64% 20. €1432_ 21. 9% at T145
22, 8% 10 shares at 715 23, %540; 7540
24. (i) 10000 (ii) 80 (iii) 7460 25. Loss 748
26. 64% ;%640 27.12% 28. 270 29. (i) 750000 (ii) %360 (iii) 7125
30. 400 31. 3500, 73250 32. %10368 and 79936 x ss
Multiple Choice Questions eee
1. (b) 20) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (b)
Chapter Test . |
1. 600 2.15% 3. (i) 8125 (ii) 8% 3
4, 7150 5. (i) 60 (ii) 48 (iii) %240 (iv) ag to pe |
6. () 320 (ii) 160 (iii) %1920 on
7. %49680 in 8% shares; 751840 in 9% shares 8. 725
9. 250000; investment in company A = %10000, in company B = %15000, in
C=%12500
10, 225% 2 {1,2,3)
3. (0, 1,2} 7c
x* Eee oo
HZ. @ (01) x Ee 0 1 a 3 x
E39; —2; = —_ EEE
aie? 0r1) xo) a TE i
1
18. {exer x27} ees
7 xt 0 y os
19. (x:xe R,x<-10) fomerinn 6
20, {xixe R,-5
