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LINUX FUNDAMENTALS    Page 5 / Getting Help

Getting Help 􏅜
 Cheat Sheet

We will always stumble across tools whose optional parameters we do not know from memory or tools we have never seen before.
Therefore it is vital to know how we can help ourselves to get familiar with those tools. The rst two ways are the man pages and the Table of Contents
help functions. It is always a good idea to familiarize ourselves with the tool we want to try rst. We will also learn some possible Introduction
tricks with some of the tools that we thought were not possible. In the man pages, we will nd the detailed manuals with detailed Linux Structure 􏅊

explanations.
Linux Distributions 􏅊


Syntax: Introduction to Shell 􏅊



Syntax: The Shell

nosredna@htb[/htb]$ man <tool>

Prompt Description 􏅊


Getting Help 􏅊


Let us have a look at an example: 􏆲

   System Information

Work ow
Example:
􏆲
   Navigation
Example:
􏆲
   Working with Files and Directories
nosredna@htb[/htb]$ man curl
􏆲
   Editing Files

􏆲
   Find Files and Directories
Example:
􏆲
   File Descriptors and Redirections
curl(1) Curl Manual
􏆲
   Filter Contents
NAME
curl - transfer a URL 􏆲
   Regular Expressions

SYNOPSIS 􏆲
   Permission Management
curl [options] [URL...]

DESCRIPTION System Management

curl is a tool to transfer data from or to a server, using one of the supported protocols (DICT, FIL
􏆲
   User Management
IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET, and

􏆲
   Package Management
curl offers a busload of useful tricks like proxy support, user authentication, FTP upload, HTTP post,

􏆲
   Service and Process Management
curl is powered by libcurl for all transfer-related features. See libcurl(3) for details.

Manual page curl(1) line 1 (press h for help or q to quit) 􏆲

   Task Scheduling

􏆲
   Network Services

􏆲
   Working with Web Services

After looking at some examples, we can also quickly look at the optional parameters without browsing through the complete 􏆲
   Backup and Restore
documentation. We have several ways to do that.
􏆲
   File System Management

Syntax: 􏆲
   Containerization

Syntax: Linux Networking

nosredna@htb[/htb]$ <tool> --help

􏆲
   Network Con guration

Remote Desktop Protocols in Linux

Example: Linux Hardening

Example: Linux Security

nosredna@htb[/htb]$ curl --help 􏆲

   Firewall Setup

Usage: curl [options...] <url> 􏆲

   System Logs and Monitoring
--abstract-unix-socket <path> Connect via abstract Unix domain socket
--anyauth Pick any authentication method
Linux Distributions vs Solaris
-a, --append Append to target file when uploading
--basic Use HTTP Basic Authentication Solaris
--cacert <file> CA certificate to verify peer against
--capath <dir> CA directory to verify peer against
-E, --cert <certificate[:password]> Client certificate file and password Tips & Tricks
<SNIP>
Shortcuts

We can also use the short version of it:

My Workstation
Syntax:
Syntax:
OFFLINE
nosredna@htb[/htb]$ <tool> -h

Example:
􏅄  Start Instance


Example:
1 / 1 spawns left
nosredna@htb[/htb]$ curl -h

Usage: curl [options...] <url>

--abstract-unix-socket <path> Connect via abstract Unix domain socket
--anyauth Pick any authentication method
-a, --append Append to target file when uploading
--basic Use HTTP Basic Authentication
--cacert <file> CA certificate to verify peer against
--capath <dir> CA directory to verify peer against
-E, --cert <certificate[:password]> Client certificate file and password
<SNIP>

As we can see, the results from each other do not di er in this example. Another tool that can be useful in the beginning is apropos.
Each manual page has a short description available within it. This tool searches the descriptions for instances of a given keyword.

Syntax:
Syntax:

nosredna@htb[/htb]$ apropos <keyword>

Example:
Example:

nosredna@htb[/htb]$ apropos sudo

sudo (8) - execute a command as another user

sudo.conf (5) - configuration for sudo front end
sudo_plugin (8) - Sudo Plugin API
sudo_root (8) - How to run administrative commands
sudoedit (8) - execute a command as another user
sudoers (5) - default sudo security policy plugin
sudoreplay (8) - replay sudo session logs
visudo (8) - edit the sudoers file

Another useful resource to get help if we have issues to understand a long command is: https://explainshell.com/

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