DESIGN OF OPEN NEWEL STAIRCASE

Riser = 180 mm
Tread = 254 mm
Going = 180 mm
Wall thickness = 230 mm
Supporting Beam = 230 mm wide
No of riser at Flight 1 = 3 no
No of tread at Flight 1 = 2 no
No of riser at Flight 2 = 8 no
No of tread at Flight 2 = 7 no
Concrete M20 (fck) = 20
Rebar (fy) = 500
clear cover = 20 mm
Unit wt of concrete = 25
Floor finish = 1.345 KN/m²
Live load at stair = 3 KN/m²

(A) Design of Landing slab A and going (see section 1-1 of Fig)
Step 1: Effective span and depth of slab
Effective span = 2185.1 mm
Assume depth of waist slab = 87.4 mm
125 mm (say)
Effective depth (d) = 89 mm

Step 2: Calculation of loads

i) Load on going (on projected plan area)
a) Dead load (Self wt) of waist slab = 7.59 KN/m²
b) self wt of step = 2.25 KN/m²
c) floor finish load = 1.345 KN/m²
d) Live load = 3 KN/m²
Total load = 14.19 KN/m²
Factored loads = 21.28 KN/m²

ii) Landing slab A

a) self wt of step = 3.13 KN/m²
b) floor finish load = 1.345 KN/m²
c) Live load = 3 KN/m²
Total load = 7.47 KN/m²
Factored loads = 11.21 KN/m²

ii) Landing slab B = 50 % of loads of landing slab A = 5.60 KN/m²

Total load of (i) and (ii) are as shown in fig
Total Factored loads are;
Total loads (i) going = 22.71 KN/m
Total loads (ii) landing slab A = 11.95 KN/m
Total loads (iii) landing slab B = 5.98 KN/m
Total Loads = 40.64 KN/m

Step 3: Bending moment and shear force

Ra = 14.44 KN
Rb = 13.50 KN
 The distance x where the shear force is zero is obtained from:
or x = 1.159 m
Maximum bending moment at x , (Mu) = 8.691 KNm
Mu,lim = 22.5 KNm
as Mu,lim > Mu Hence Depth OK
Maximum shera force (V) = 14.44 KN

Step 4: Check for depth

From the maximum moment d = 55 mm < 89 mm
as max. moment d < provided depth Hence Safe

From the maximum shear force, Tv = 0.15 N/mm²

pt (provided) = 0.24 %
and Tc = 0.35 N/mm² (table 19 of IS 456)
For the depth of slab as 125 mm, k = 1.3 (Cl. 40.2.1.1 of IS 456)
Tc max = 0.46 N/mm² (Table 20 of IS 456)
Since Tv < Tc < Tc max, the depth of slab as 125 mm is safe

Step 5: Determination of areas of steel reinforcement

Ast per meter width = 239.74 mm²/m
Provide 12 mm diameter bars @ 150 mm c/c (= 753.96 mm²/m) both for landing and waist slab

Distribution reinforcement = 0.12bd = 160.02 mm²/m

Provide 10 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c (=523.6 mm²/m)

Step 6: Check of development length

Development length of 12 mm diameter bars
Ld = ø (0.87*fy) / 4 τbd
Ld, required = 679.69 mm
Ld, required = 700 mm
for development length check
Ml = 24.64 kNm
V = 14.44 KN
1.3 * (Ml/V) = 2218.45 mm
Since, Ld < 1.3 * (Ml/V), so anchorage lenght (Lo) has not been provided

(B) Design of Landing slab B and C and going (see section 2-2 of Figure)
Step 1: Effective span and depth of slab
effective span = 3.07 m
depth of slab = 125 mm

Step 2: Calcualtion of Loads

i) Load on going (on projected plan area)
a) Dead load (Self wt) of waist slab = 7.59 KN/m²
b) self wt of step = 2.25 KN/m²
c) floor finish load = 1.345 KN/m²
d) Live load = 3 KN/m²
Total load = 14.19 KN/m²
So the factored loads = 21.28 KN/m²
ii) Landing slab B & C
a) self wt of step = 3.13 KN/m²
b) floor finish load = 1.345 KN/m²
c) Live load = 3 KN/m²
Total load = 7.47 KN/m²
So the factored loads = 11.21 KN/m²

ii) Landing slab B & C = 50 % of loads of landing slab B & C

= 5.60 KN/m²

Total load of (i) and (ii) are as shown in fig

Total Factored loads are;
Total loads (i) going = 22.71 KN/m
Total loads (ii) landing slab B = 5.98 KN/m
Total loads (iii) landing slab C = 5.98 KN/m
Total Loads = 34.66 KN/m

Step 3: Bending moment and shear force

Rb = 17.33 KN
Rc = 17.33 KN
The distance x where the shear force is zero is obtained from:
or x = 1.241 m

Maximum bending moment at x, Mu = 13.966 KNm

Mu,lim = 22.5 KNm
as Mu,lim > Mu Hence Depth OK
Maximum shera force (V) = 17.33 KN

Since the max bending moment and shear force are less than those of the other section the depth of 125
mm here is OK. Accordingly, the amount of reinforcing bars are determined.

Step 4: Determination of area of steel reinforcement

Ast per meter width = 403.88 mm²/m
Provide 12 mm diameter bars @ 150 mm c/c (= 753.96 mm²/m) both for landing and waist slab

Distribution reinforcement = 0.12bd = 150 mm²/m

Provide 10 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c (=523.6 mm²)

Step 5: Check of development length

Development length of 12 mm diameter bars
Ld = ø (0.87*fy) / 4 τbd
Ld, required = 679.69 mm
Ld, required = 700 mm
for development length check
Ml = 23.50 kNm
V = 17.33 KN
1.3 * (Ml/V) =
1763.17 mm
Since, Ld < 1.3 * (Ml/V), so anchorage lenght (Lo) has not been provided
 1
Landing slab B
1066.8 1778 1066.8
2 230 230 2
230

1066.8 Flight 2 Landing slab C

508 Flight 1 Flight 3

990.6 Landing slab A

230 Beam
1

Total Load Going

Total load landing A 22.71 KN/m Total load Landing B
11.95 KN/m 5.98 KN/m

1.1056 0.508 m 0.5334

2.147 m
1.159 m
Ra 0.054 m Rb
14.44 KN 13.50 KN
FLIGHT -1

Total Load Going

Total load landing B 22.71 KN/m Total load landing C
5.98 KN/m 5.98 KN/m

0.6484 1.778 m 0.6484

3.0748 m
1.241 m
Rb 0.593 m Rc
17.33 KN 17.33 KN
FLIGHT -2